use num_traits::{Float, FromPrimitive};
use std::iter::Sum;

use crate::algorithm::area::{get_linestring_area, Area};
use crate::algorithm::euclidean_length::EuclideanLength;
use crate::{Line, LineString, MultiPoint, MultiPolygon, Point, Polygon, Rect};

/// Calculation of the centroid.
/// The centroid is the arithmetic mean position of all points in the shape.
/// Informally, it is the point at which a cutout of the shape could be perfectly
/// balanced on the tip of a pin.
/// The geometric centroid of a convex object always lies in the object.
/// A non-convex object might have a centroid that _is outside the object itself_.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use geo::prelude::*;
/// use geo::{LineString, Point, Polygon};
///
/// // rhombus shaped polygon
/// let polygon = Polygon::new(
///     LineString::from(vec![
///        (-2., 1.),
///        (1., 3.),
///        (4., 1.),
///        (1., -1.),
///        (-2., 1.),
///     ]),
///     vec![],
/// );
///
/// assert_eq!(
///     Point::from((1., 1.)),
///     polygon.centroid().unwrap(),
/// );
/// ```
pub trait Centroid<T: Float> {
    type Output;

    /// See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centroid
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use geo::{Point, LineString};
    /// use geo::algorithm::centroid::Centroid;
    ///
    /// let mut vec = Vec::new();
    /// vec.push(Point::new(40.02f64, 116.34));
    /// vec.push(Point::new(40.02f64, 118.23));
    /// let linestring = LineString::from(vec);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(linestring.centroid().unwrap(), Point::new(40.02, 117.285));
    /// ```
    ///
    fn centroid(&self) -> Self::Output;
}

// Calculation of a Polygon centroid without interior rings
fn simple_polygon_centroid<T>(poly_ext: &LineString<T>) -> Option<Point<T>>
where
    T: Float + FromPrimitive + Sum,
{
    let area = get_linestring_area(poly_ext);
    if area == T::zero() {
        // if the polygon is flat (area = 0), it is considered as a linestring
        return poly_ext.centroid();
    }
    let (sum_x, sum_y) = poly_ext
        .lines()
        .fold((T::zero(), T::zero()), |accum, line| {
            let tmp = line.determinant();
            (
                accum.0 + ((line.end.x + line.start.x) * tmp),
                accum.1 + ((line.end.y + line.start.y) * tmp),
            )
        });
    let six = T::from_i32(6).unwrap();
    Some(Point::new(sum_x / (six * area), sum_y / (six * area)))
}

impl<T> Centroid<T> for Line<T>
where
    T: Float,
{
    type Output = Point<T>;

    fn centroid(&self) -> Self::Output {
        let two = T::one() + T::one();
        let x = self.start.x + self.dx() / two;
        let y = self.start.y + self.dy() / two;
        Point::new(x, y)
    }
}

impl<T> Centroid<T> for LineString<T>
where
    T: Float,
{
    type Output = Option<Point<T>>;

    // The Centroid of a LineString is the mean of the middle of the segment
    // weighted by the length of the segments.
    fn centroid(&self) -> Self::Output {
        if self.0.is_empty() {
            return None;
        }
        if self.0.len() == 1 {
            Some(Point(self.0[0]))
        } else {
            let (sum_x, sum_y, total_length) =
                self.lines()
                    .fold((T::zero(), T::zero(), T::zero()), |accum, line| {
                        let segment_len = line.euclidean_length();
                        let line_center = line.centroid();
                        (
                            accum.0 + segment_len * line_center.x(),
                            accum.1 + segment_len * line_center.y(),
                            accum.2 + segment_len,
                        )
                    });
            if total_length == T::zero() {
                // length == 0 means that all points were equal, we can just the first one
                Some(Point(self.0[0]))
            } else {
                Some(Point::new(sum_x / total_length, sum_y / total_length))
            }
        }
    }
}

impl<T> Centroid<T> for Polygon<T>
where
    T: Float + FromPrimitive + Sum,
{
    type Output = Option<Point<T>>;

    // Calculate the centroid of a Polygon.
    // We distinguish between a simple polygon, which has no interior rings (holes),
    // and a complex polygon, which has one or more interior rings.
    // A complex polygon's centroid is the weighted average of its
    // exterior shell centroid and the centroids of the interior ring(s).
    // Both the shell and the ring(s) are considered simple polygons for the purposes of
    // this calculation.
    // See here for a formula: http://math.stackexchange.com/a/623849
    // See here for detail on alternative methods: https://fotino.me/calculating-centroids/
    fn centroid(&self) -> Self::Output {
        let linestring = &self.exterior();
        let vect = &linestring.0;
        if vect.is_empty() {
            return None;
        }
        if vect.len() == 1 {
            Some(Point::new(vect[0].x, vect[0].y))
        } else {
            let external_centroid = simple_polygon_centroid(self.exterior())?;
            if self.interiors().is_empty() {
                Some(external_centroid)
            } else {
                let external_area = get_linestring_area(self.exterior()).abs();
                // accumulate interior Polygons
                let (totals_x, totals_y, internal_area) = self
                    .interiors()
                    .iter()
                    .filter_map(|ring| {
                        let area = get_linestring_area(ring).abs();
                        let centroid = simple_polygon_centroid(ring)?;
                        Some((centroid.x() * area, centroid.y() * area, area))
                    })
                    .fold((T::zero(), T::zero(), T::zero()), |accum, val| {
                        (accum.0 + val.0, accum.1 + val.1, accum.2 + val.2)
                    });

                let diff_area = external_area - internal_area;
                if diff_area == T::zero() {
                    Some(external_centroid)
                } else {
                    Some(Point::new(
                        ((external_centroid.x() * external_area) - totals_x) / diff_area,
                        ((external_centroid.y() * external_area) - totals_y) / diff_area,
                    ))
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

impl<T> Centroid<T> for MultiPolygon<T>
where
    T: Float + FromPrimitive + Sum,
{
    type Output = Option<Point<T>>;

    fn centroid(&self) -> Self::Output {
        let mut sum_area_x = T::zero();
        let mut sum_area_y = T::zero();
        let mut sum_seg_x = T::zero();
        let mut sum_seg_y = T::zero();
        let mut sum_x = T::zero();
        let mut sum_y = T::zero();
        let mut total_area = T::zero();
        let mut total_length = T::zero();
        let vect = &self.0;
        if vect.is_empty() {
            return None;
        }
        for poly in &self.0 {
            // the area is signed
            let area = poly.area().abs();
            total_area = total_area + area;
            if let Some(p) = poly.centroid() {
                if area != T::zero() {
                    sum_area_x = sum_area_x + area * p.x();
                    sum_area_y = sum_area_y + area * p.y();
                } else {
                    // the polygon is 'flat', we consider it as a linestring
                    let ls_len = poly.exterior().euclidean_length();
                    if ls_len == T::zero() {
                        sum_x = sum_x + p.x();
                        sum_y = sum_y + p.x();
                    } else {
                        sum_seg_x = sum_seg_x + ls_len * p.x();
                        sum_seg_y = sum_seg_y + ls_len * p.y();
                        total_length = total_length + ls_len;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if total_area != T::zero() {
            Some(Point::new(sum_area_x / total_area, sum_area_y / total_area))
        } else if total_length != T::zero() {
            Some(Point::new(
                sum_seg_x / total_length,
                sum_seg_y / total_length,
            ))
        } else {
            let nb_points = T::from_usize(self.0.len()).unwrap();
            // there was only "point" polygons, we do a simple centroid of all points
            Some(Point::new(sum_x / nb_points, sum_y / nb_points))
        }
    }
}

impl<T> Centroid<T> for Rect<T>
where
    T: Float,
{
    type Output = Point<T>;

    fn centroid(&self) -> Self::Output {
        let two = T::one() + T::one();
        Point::new(
            (self.max.x + self.min.x) / two,
            (self.max.y + self.min.y) / two,
        )
    }
}

impl<T> Centroid<T> for Point<T>
where
    T: Float,
{
    type Output = Point<T>;

    fn centroid(&self) -> Self::Output {
        Point::new(self.x(), self.y())
    }
}

///
/// ```
/// use geo::{MultiPoint, Point};
/// use geo::algorithm::centroid::Centroid;
///
/// let empty: Vec<Point<f64>> = Vec::new();
/// let empty_multi_points: MultiPoint<_> = empty.into();
/// assert_eq!(empty_multi_points.centroid(), None);
///
/// let points: MultiPoint<_> = vec![(5., 1.), (1., 3.), (3., 2.)].into();
/// assert_eq!(points.centroid(), Some(Point::new(3., 2.)));
/// ```
///
impl<T> Centroid<T> for MultiPoint<T>
where
    T: Float,
{
    type Output = Option<Point<T>>;

    fn centroid(&self) -> Self::Output {
        if self.0.is_empty() {
            return None;
        }
        let sum = self.0.iter().fold(
            Point::new(T::zero(), T::zero()),
            |a: Point<T>, b: &Point<T>| Point::new(a.x() + b.x(), a.y() + b.y()),
        );
        Some(Point::new(
            sum.x() / T::from(self.0.len()).unwrap(),
            sum.y() / T::from(self.0.len()).unwrap(),
        ))
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use crate::algorithm::centroid::Centroid;
    use crate::algorithm::euclidean_distance::EuclideanDistance;
    use crate::{
        Coordinate, Line, LineString, MultiPolygon, Point, Polygon, Rect, COORD_PRECISION,
    };
    use num_traits::Float;

    /// small helper to create a coordinate
    fn c<T: Float>(x: T, y: T) -> Coordinate<T> {
        Coordinate { x, y }
    }

    /// small helper to create a point
    fn p<T: Float>(x: T, y: T) -> Point<T> {
        Point(c(x, y))
    }

    // Tests: Centroid of LineString
    #[test]
    fn empty_linestring_test() {
        let linestring: LineString<f32> = LineString(vec![]);
        let centroid = linestring.centroid();
        assert!(centroid.is_none());
    }
    #[test]
    fn linestring_one_point_test() {
        let coord = Coordinate {
            x: 40.02f64,
            y: 116.34,
        };
        let linestring = LineString(vec![coord]);
        let centroid = linestring.centroid();
        assert_eq!(centroid, Some(Point(coord)));
    }
    #[test]
    fn linestring_test() {
        let linestring = LineString(vec![
            Coordinate { x: 1., y: 1. },
            Coordinate { x: 7., y: 1. },
            Coordinate { x: 8., y: 1. },
            Coordinate { x: 9., y: 1. },
            Coordinate { x: 10., y: 1. },
            Coordinate { x: 11., y: 1. },
        ]);
        assert_eq!(
            linestring.centroid(),
            Some(Point(Coordinate { x: 6., y: 1. }))
        );
    }
    // Tests: Centroid of Polygon
    #[test]
    fn empty_polygon_test() {
        let v1 = Vec::new();
        let v2 = Vec::new();
        let linestring = LineString::<f64>(v1);
        let poly = Polygon::new(linestring, v2);
        assert!(poly.centroid().is_none());
    }
    #[test]
    fn polygon_one_point_test() {
        let p = Point(Coordinate { x: 2., y: 1. });
        let v = Vec::new();
        let linestring = LineString(vec![p.0]);
        let poly = Polygon::new(linestring, v);
        assert_eq!(poly.centroid(), Some(p));
    }

    #[test]
    fn polygon_test() {
        let v = Vec::new();
        let linestring = LineString(vec![c(0., 0.), c(2., 0.), c(2., 2.), c(0., 2.), c(0., 0.)]);
        let poly = Polygon::new(linestring, v);
        assert_eq!(poly.centroid(), Some(Point::new(1., 1.)));
    }
    #[test]
    fn polygon_hole_test() {
        let ls1 = LineString::from(vec![
            (5.0, 1.0),
            (4.0, 2.0),
            (4.0, 3.0),
            (5.0, 4.0),
            (6.0, 4.0),
            (7.0, 3.0),
            (7.0, 2.0),
            (6.0, 1.0),
            (5.0, 1.0),
        ]);

        let ls2 = LineString::from(vec![(5.0, 1.3), (5.5, 2.0), (6.0, 1.3), (5.0, 1.3)]);

        let ls3 = LineString::from(vec![(5., 2.3), (5.5, 3.0), (6., 2.3), (5., 2.3)]);

        let p1 = Polygon::new(ls1, vec![ls2, ls3]);
        let centroid = p1.centroid().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(centroid, Point::new(5.5, 2.5518518518518514));
    }
    #[test]
    fn flat_polygon_test() {
        let poly = Polygon::new(
            LineString::from(vec![p(0., 1.), p(1., 1.), p(0., 1.)]),
            vec![],
        );
        assert_eq!(poly.centroid(), Some(p(0.5, 1.)));
    }
    #[test]
    fn multi_poly_with_flat_polygon_test() {
        let poly = Polygon::new(
            LineString::from(vec![p(0., 0.), p(1., 0.), p(0., 0.)]),
            vec![],
        );
        let multipoly = MultiPolygon(vec![poly]);
        assert_eq!(multipoly.centroid(), Some(p(0.5, 0.)));
    }
    #[test]
    fn multi_poly_with_multiple_flat_polygon_test() {
        let p1 = Polygon::new(
            LineString::from(vec![p(1., 1.), p(1., 3.), p(1., 1.)]),
            vec![],
        );
        let p2 = Polygon::new(
            LineString::from(vec![p(2., 2.), p(6., 2.), p(2., 2.)]),
            vec![],
        );
        let multipoly = MultiPolygon(vec![p1, p2]);
        assert_eq!(multipoly.centroid(), Some(p(3., 2.)));
    }
    #[test]
    fn multi_poly_with_only_points_test() {
        let p1 = Polygon::new(
            LineString::from(vec![p(1., 1.), p(1., 1.), p(1., 1.)]),
            vec![],
        );
        assert_eq!(p1.centroid(), Some(p(1., 1.)));
        let p2 = Polygon::new(
            LineString::from(vec![p(2., 2.), p(2., 2.), p(2., 2.)]),
            vec![],
        );
        let multipoly = MultiPolygon(vec![p1, p2]);
        assert_eq!(multipoly.centroid(), Some(p(1.5, 1.5)));
    }
    #[test]
    fn multi_poly_with_one_ring_and_one_real_poly() {
        // if the multipolygon is composed of a 'normal' polygon (with an area not null)
        // and a ring (a polygon with a null area)
        // the centroid of the multipolygon is the centroid of the 'normal' polygon
        let normal = Polygon::new(
            LineString::from(vec![p(1., 1.), p(1., 3.), p(3., 1.), p(1., 1.)]),
            vec![],
        );
        let flat = Polygon::new(
            LineString::from(vec![p(2., 2.), p(6., 2.), p(2., 2.)]),
            vec![],
        );
        let multipoly = MultiPolygon(vec![normal.clone(), flat]);
        assert_eq!(multipoly.centroid(), normal.centroid());
    }
    #[test]
    fn polygon_flat_interior_test() {
        let poly = Polygon::new(
            LineString::from(vec![p(0., 0.), p(0., 1.), p(1., 1.), p(1., 0.), p(0., 0.)]),
            vec![LineString::from(vec![p(0., 0.), p(0., 1.), p(0., 0.)])],
        );
        assert_eq!(poly.centroid(), Some(p(0.5, 0.5)));
    }
    #[test]
    fn empty_interior_polygon_test() {
        let poly = Polygon::new(
            LineString::from(vec![p(0., 0.), p(0., 1.), p(1., 1.), p(1., 0.), p(0., 0.)]),
            vec![LineString(vec![])],
        );
        assert_eq!(poly.centroid(), Some(p(0.5, 0.5)));
    }
    #[test]
    fn polygon_ring_test() {
        let square = LineString::from(vec![p(0., 0.), p(0., 1.), p(1., 1.), p(1., 0.), p(0., 0.)]);
        let poly = Polygon::new(square.clone(), vec![square]);
        assert_eq!(poly.centroid(), Some(p(0.5, 0.5)));
    }
    #[test]
    fn polygon_cell_test() {
        // test the centroid of polygon with a null area
        // this one a polygon with 2 interior polygon that makes a partition of the exterior
        let square = LineString::from(vec![p(0., 0.), p(0., 2.), p(2., 2.), p(2., 0.), p(0., 0.)]);
        let bottom = LineString::from(vec![p(0., 0.), p(2., 0.), p(2., 1.), p(0., 1.), p(0., 0.)]);
        let top = LineString::from(vec![p(0., 1.), p(2., 1.), p(2., 2.), p(0., 2.), p(0., 1.)]);
        let poly = Polygon::new(square, vec![top, bottom]);
        assert_eq!(poly.centroid(), Some(p(1., 1.)));
    }
    // Tests: Centroid of MultiPolygon
    #[test]
    fn empty_multipolygon_polygon_test() {
        assert!(MultiPolygon::<f64>(Vec::new()).centroid().is_none());
    }
    #[test]
    fn multipolygon_one_polygon_test() {
        let linestring =
            LineString::from(vec![p(0., 0.), p(2., 0.), p(2., 2.), p(0., 2.), p(0., 0.)]);
        let poly = Polygon::new(linestring, Vec::new());
        assert_eq!(MultiPolygon(vec![poly]).centroid(), Some(p(1., 1.)));
    }
    #[test]
    fn multipolygon_two_polygons_test() {
        let linestring =
            LineString::from(vec![p(2., 1.), p(5., 1.), p(5., 3.), p(2., 3.), p(2., 1.)]);
        let poly1 = Polygon::new(linestring, Vec::new());
        let linestring =
            LineString::from(vec![p(7., 1.), p(8., 1.), p(8., 2.), p(7., 2.), p(7., 1.)]);
        let poly2 = Polygon::new(linestring, Vec::new());
        let dist = MultiPolygon(vec![poly1, poly2])
            .centroid()
            .unwrap()
            .euclidean_distance(&p(4.07142857142857, 1.92857142857143));
        assert!(dist < COORD_PRECISION);
    }
    #[test]
    fn multipolygon_two_polygons_of_opposite_clockwise_test() {
        let linestring = LineString::from(vec![(0., 0.), (2., 0.), (2., 2.), (0., 2.), (0., 0.)]);
        let poly1 = Polygon::new(linestring, Vec::new());
        let linestring = LineString::from(vec![(0., 0.), (-2., 0.), (-2., 2.), (0., 2.), (0., 0.)]);
        let poly2 = Polygon::new(linestring, Vec::new());
        assert_eq!(
            MultiPolygon(vec![poly1, poly2]).centroid(),
            Some(Point::new(0., 1.))
        );
    }
    #[test]
    fn bounding_rect_test() {
        let bounding_rect = Rect {
            min: Coordinate { x: 0., y: 50. },
            max: Coordinate { x: 4., y: 100. },
        };
        let point = Point(Coordinate { x: 2., y: 75. });
        assert_eq!(point, bounding_rect.centroid());
    }
    #[test]
    fn line_test() {
        let line1 = Line::new(c(0., 1.), c(1., 3.));
        assert_eq!(line1.centroid(), Point::new(0.5, 2.));
    }
}