Struct BigInt 

pub struct BigInt(BigInt);

Tuple Fields

0: BigInt

Methods from Deref<Target = BigInt>

pub const ZERO: BigInt

pub fn assign_from_slice(&mut self, sign: Sign, slice: &[u32])

Reinitializes a BigInt.

The base 2³² digits are ordered least significant digit first.

pub fn to_bytes_be(&self) -> (Sign, Vec<u8>)

Returns the sign and the byte representation of the BigInt in big-endian byte order.

Examples

use num_bigint::{ToBigInt, Sign};

let i = -1125.to_bigint().unwrap();
assert_eq!(i.to_bytes_be(), (Sign::Minus, vec![4, 101]));

pub fn to_bytes_le(&self) -> (Sign, Vec<u8>)

Returns the sign and the byte representation of the BigInt in little-endian byte order.

Examples

use num_bigint::{ToBigInt, Sign};

let i = -1125.to_bigint().unwrap();
assert_eq!(i.to_bytes_le(), (Sign::Minus, vec![101, 4]));

pub fn to_u32_digits(&self) -> (Sign, Vec<u32>)

Returns the sign and the u32 digits representation of the BigInt ordered least significant digit first.

Examples

use num_bigint::{BigInt, Sign};

assert_eq!(BigInt::from(-1125).to_u32_digits(), (Sign::Minus, vec![1125]));
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(4294967295u32).to_u32_digits(), (Sign::Plus, vec![4294967295]));
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(4294967296u64).to_u32_digits(), (Sign::Plus, vec![0, 1]));
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(-112500000000i64).to_u32_digits(), (Sign::Minus, vec![830850304, 26]));
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(112500000000i64).to_u32_digits(), (Sign::Plus, vec![830850304, 26]));

pub fn to_u64_digits(&self) -> (Sign, Vec<u64>)

Returns the sign and the u64 digits representation of the BigInt ordered least significant digit first.

Examples

use num_bigint::{BigInt, Sign};

assert_eq!(BigInt::from(-1125).to_u64_digits(), (Sign::Minus, vec![1125]));
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(4294967295u32).to_u64_digits(), (Sign::Plus, vec![4294967295]));
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(4294967296u64).to_u64_digits(), (Sign::Plus, vec![4294967296]));
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(-112500000000i64).to_u64_digits(), (Sign::Minus, vec![112500000000]));
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(112500000000i64).to_u64_digits(), (Sign::Plus, vec![112500000000]));
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(1u128 << 64).to_u64_digits(), (Sign::Plus, vec![0, 1]));

pub fn iter_u32_digits(&self) -> U32Digits<'_>

Returns an iterator of u32 digits representation of the BigInt ordered least significant digit first.

Examples

use num_bigint::BigInt;

assert_eq!(BigInt::from(-1125).iter_u32_digits().collect::<Vec<u32>>(), vec![1125]);
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(4294967295u32).iter_u32_digits().collect::<Vec<u32>>(), vec![4294967295]);
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(4294967296u64).iter_u32_digits().collect::<Vec<u32>>(), vec![0, 1]);
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(-112500000000i64).iter_u32_digits().collect::<Vec<u32>>(), vec![830850304, 26]);
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(112500000000i64).iter_u32_digits().collect::<Vec<u32>>(), vec![830850304, 26]);

pub fn iter_u64_digits(&self) -> U64Digits<'_>

Returns an iterator of u64 digits representation of the BigInt ordered least significant digit first.

Examples

use num_bigint::BigInt;

assert_eq!(BigInt::from(-1125).iter_u64_digits().collect::<Vec<u64>>(), vec![1125u64]);
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(4294967295u32).iter_u64_digits().collect::<Vec<u64>>(), vec![4294967295u64]);
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(4294967296u64).iter_u64_digits().collect::<Vec<u64>>(), vec![4294967296u64]);
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(-112500000000i64).iter_u64_digits().collect::<Vec<u64>>(), vec![112500000000u64]);
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(112500000000i64).iter_u64_digits().collect::<Vec<u64>>(), vec![112500000000u64]);
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(1u128 << 64).iter_u64_digits().collect::<Vec<u64>>(), vec![0, 1]);

pub fn to_signed_bytes_be(&self) -> Vec<u8>

Returns the two’s-complement byte representation of the BigInt in big-endian byte order.

Examples

use num_bigint::ToBigInt;

let i = -1125.to_bigint().unwrap();
assert_eq!(i.to_signed_bytes_be(), vec![251, 155]);

pub fn to_signed_bytes_le(&self) -> Vec<u8>

Returns the two’s-complement byte representation of the BigInt in little-endian byte order.

Examples

use num_bigint::ToBigInt;

let i = -1125.to_bigint().unwrap();
assert_eq!(i.to_signed_bytes_le(), vec![155, 251]);

pub fn to_str_radix(&self, radix: u32) -> String

Returns the integer formatted as a string in the given radix. radix must be in the range 2...36.

Examples

use num_bigint::BigInt;

let i = BigInt::parse_bytes(b"ff", 16).unwrap();
assert_eq!(i.to_str_radix(16), "ff");

pub fn to_radix_be(&self, radix: u32) -> (Sign, Vec<u8>)

Returns the integer in the requested base in big-endian digit order. The output is not given in a human readable alphabet but as a zero based u8 number. radix must be in the range 2...256.

Examples

use num_bigint::{BigInt, Sign};

assert_eq!(BigInt::from(-0xFFFFi64).to_radix_be(159),
           (Sign::Minus, vec![2, 94, 27]));
// 0xFFFF = 65535 = 2*(159^2) + 94*159 + 27

pub fn to_radix_le(&self, radix: u32) -> (Sign, Vec<u8>)

Returns the integer in the requested base in little-endian digit order. The output is not given in a human readable alphabet but as a zero based u8 number. radix must be in the range 2...256.

Examples

use num_bigint::{BigInt, Sign};

assert_eq!(BigInt::from(-0xFFFFi64).to_radix_le(159),
           (Sign::Minus, vec![27, 94, 2]));
// 0xFFFF = 65535 = 27 + 94*159 + 2*(159^2)

pub fn sign(&self) -> Sign

Returns the sign of the BigInt as a Sign.

Examples

use num_bigint::{BigInt, Sign};

assert_eq!(BigInt::from(1234).sign(), Sign::Plus);
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(-4321).sign(), Sign::Minus);
assert_eq!(BigInt::ZERO.sign(), Sign::NoSign);

pub fn magnitude(&self) -> &BigUint

Returns the magnitude of the BigInt as a BigUint.

Examples

use num_bigint::{BigInt, BigUint};
use num_traits::Zero;

assert_eq!(BigInt::from(1234).magnitude(), &BigUint::from(1234u32));
assert_eq!(BigInt::from(-4321).magnitude(), &BigUint::from(4321u32));
assert!(BigInt::ZERO.magnitude().is_zero());

pub fn bits(&self) -> u64

Determines the fewest bits necessary to express the BigInt, not including the sign.

pub fn to_biguint(&self) -> Option<BigUint>

Converts this BigInt into a BigUint, if it’s not negative.

pub fn checked_add(&self, v: &BigInt) -> Option<BigInt>

pub fn checked_sub(&self, v: &BigInt) -> Option<BigInt>

pub fn checked_mul(&self, v: &BigInt) -> Option<BigInt>

pub fn checked_div(&self, v: &BigInt) -> Option<BigInt>

pub fn pow(&self, exponent: u32) -> BigInt

Returns self ^ exponent.

pub fn modpow(&self, exponent: &BigInt, modulus: &BigInt) -> BigInt

Returns (self ^ exponent) mod modulus

Note that this rounds like mod_floor, not like the % operator, which makes a difference when given a negative self or modulus. The result will be in the interval [0, modulus) for modulus > 0, or in the interval (modulus, 0] for modulus < 0

Panics if the exponent is negative or the modulus is zero.

pub fn modinv(&self, modulus: &BigInt) -> Option<BigInt>

Returns the modular multiplicative inverse if it exists, otherwise None.

This solves for x such that self * x ≡ 1 (mod modulus). Note that this rounds like mod_floor, not like the % operator, which makes a difference when given a negative self or modulus. The solution will be in the interval [0, modulus) for modulus > 0, or in the interval (modulus, 0] for modulus < 0, and it exists if and only if gcd(self, modulus) == 1.

use num_bigint::BigInt;
use num_integer::Integer;
use num_traits::{One, Zero};

let m = BigInt::from(383);

// Trivial cases
assert_eq!(BigInt::zero().modinv(&m), None);
assert_eq!(BigInt::one().modinv(&m), Some(BigInt::one()));
let neg1 = &m - 1u32;
assert_eq!(neg1.modinv(&m), Some(neg1));

// Positive self and modulus
let a = BigInt::from(271);
let x = a.modinv(&m).unwrap();
assert_eq!(x, BigInt::from(106));
assert_eq!(x.modinv(&m).unwrap(), a);
assert_eq!((&a * x).mod_floor(&m), BigInt::one());

// Negative self and positive modulus
let b = -&a;
let x = b.modinv(&m).unwrap();
assert_eq!(x, BigInt::from(277));
assert_eq!((&b * x).mod_floor(&m), BigInt::one());

// Positive self and negative modulus
let n = -&m;
let x = a.modinv(&n).unwrap();
assert_eq!(x, BigInt::from(-277));
assert_eq!((&a * x).mod_floor(&n), &n + 1);

// Negative self and modulus
let x = b.modinv(&n).unwrap();
assert_eq!(x, BigInt::from(-106));
assert_eq!((&b * x).mod_floor(&n), &n + 1);

pub fn sqrt(&self) -> BigInt

Returns the truncated principal square root of self – see num_integer::Roots::sqrt().

pub fn cbrt(&self) -> BigInt

Returns the truncated principal cube root of self – see num_integer::Roots::cbrt().

pub fn nth_root(&self, n: u32) -> BigInt

Returns the truncated principal nth root of self – See num_integer::Roots::nth_root().

pub fn trailing_zeros(&self) -> Option<u64>

Returns the number of least-significant bits that are zero, or None if the entire number is zero.

pub fn bit(&self, bit: u64) -> bool

Returns whether the bit in position bit is set, using the two’s complement for negative numbers

pub fn set_bit(&mut self, bit: u64, value: bool)

Sets or clears the bit in the given position, using the two’s complement for negative numbers

Note that setting/clearing a bit (for positive/negative numbers, respectively) greater than the current bit length, a reallocation may be needed to store the new digits

Trait Implementations

impl Clone for BigInt

fn clone(&self) -> BigInt

Returns a duplicate of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for BigInt

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Default for BigInt

fn default() -> BigInt

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl Deref for BigInt

type Target = BigInt

The resulting type after dereferencing.

fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target

Dereferences the value.

impl DerefMut for BigInt

fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target

Mutably dereferences the value.

impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for BigInt

fn deserialize<__D>(__deserializer: __D) -> Result<Self, __D::Error>

where __D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl From<BigInt> for BigInt

fn from(other: BigInt) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl PartialEq for BigInt

fn eq(&self, other: &BigInt) -> bool

Tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl Serialize for BigInt

fn serialize<__S>(&self, __serializer: __S) -> Result<__S::Ok, __S::Error>

where __S: Serializer,

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.

impl Eq for BigInt

impl StructuralPartialEq for BigInt