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// Copyright 2020 The Exonum Team // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at // // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. //! Testing framework for data migrations. //! //! This module allows to test data migration scripts in isolation, without involving actual //! migration workflow for service instances or `TestKit` in general. //! //! The core type in this module is [`MigrationTest`]; see its docs for examples of usage. //! //! # Stability //! //! Since the corresponding functionality in the core is unstable, the entirety of this module //! is considered unstable as well. //! //! [`MigrationTest`]: struct.MigrationTest.html use exonum::{ merkledb::{ access::Prefixed, migration::{ flush_migration, AbortMigration, Migration, MigrationError as DbMigrationError, MigrationHelper, }, Database, Fork, Snapshot, TemporaryDB, }, runtime::{ migrations::{MigrateData, MigrationContext, MigrationError, MigrationScript}, versioning::Version, InstanceSpec, }, }; use exonum_rust_runtime::ServiceFactory; use std::{ iter, sync::{Arc, Mutex}, }; /// Status of a migration script execution. #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)] pub enum ScriptStatus { /// The script has successfully completed and the migration data was flushed. Ok, /// The script was aborted as per abort policy used. Aborted, } /// Helper for migration testing. /// /// The helper implements the following workflow: /// /// 1. Prepare test data to be migrated using [`setup`](#method.setup). /// 2. Execute one or more migration scripts using [`execute_script`](#method.execute_script) /// or [`migrate`](#method.migrate). /// 3. Check that the migrated data is valid using the [`end_snapshot`](#method.end_snapshot) /// of the database and, possible, the [snapshot before migration](#method.start_snapshot). /// /// # Examples /// /// Testing a single migration script: /// /// ``` /// # use exonum_derive::*; /// # use exonum::runtime::{ /// # migrations::{MigrationContext, MigrationError}, versioning::Version, /// # }; /// use exonum::merkledb::access::AccessExt; /// # use exonum_rust_runtime::Service; /// use exonum_testkit::migrations::{MigrationTest, ScriptExt}; /// /// fn script_under_test(ctx: &mut MigrationContext) -> Result<(), MigrationError> { /// let old_data = ctx.helper.old_data(); /// let old_value = old_data.get_entry::<_, u32>("entry").get().unwrap_or(0); /// let new_data = ctx.helper.new_data(); /// new_data.get_proof_entry("entry").set(old_value + 1); /// Ok(()) /// } /// /// /// Service under test. /// #[derive(Debug, ServiceDispatcher, ServiceFactory)] /// #[service_factory(artifact_name = "test-service")] /// pub struct ServiceUnderTest; /// /// impl Service for ServiceUnderTest {} /// /// let mut test = MigrationTest::new(ServiceUnderTest, Version::new(0, 1, 0)); /// let snapshot = test /// .setup(|access| { /// // Setup data for the test, for example, create the old service schema /// // and add test data into it. /// access.get_entry("entry").set(1_u32); /// }) /// .execute_script(script_under_test.with_end_version("0.2.0")) /// .end_snapshot(); /// // Check the data in the snapshot after the script is executed. /// let value = snapshot.get_proof_entry::<_, u32>("entry").get(); /// assert_eq!(value, Some(2)); /// ``` /// /// Testing fault tolerance of a script: /// /// ``` /// # use exonum_derive::*; /// # use exonum::runtime::{ /// # migrations::{MigrationContext, MigrationError}, versioning::Version, /// # }; /// use exonum::merkledb::access::AccessExt; /// # use exonum_rust_runtime::Service; /// use exonum_testkit::migrations::{AbortPolicy, MigrationTest, ScriptExt}; /// /// fn script_with_merges(ctx: &mut MigrationContext) -> Result<(), MigrationError> { /// let new_data = ctx.helper.new_data(); /// let mut counter = new_data.get_entry::<_, u32>("counter").get().unwrap_or(0); /// while counter < 5 { /// counter += 1; /// ctx.helper.new_data().get_entry("counter").set(counter); /// ctx.helper.merge()?; /// } /// Ok(()) /// } /// # #[derive(Debug, ServiceDispatcher, ServiceFactory)] /// # #[service_factory(artifact_name = "test-service")] /// # pub struct ServiceUnderTest; /// # impl Service for ServiceUnderTest {} /// /// let mut test = MigrationTest::new(ServiceUnderTest, Version::new(0, 1, 0)); /// let end_snapshot = test /// .execute_until_flush( /// || script_with_merges.with_end_version("0.2.0"), /// AbortPolicy::abort_repeatedly(), /// ) /// .end_snapshot(); /// // The counter value should be set to 5. /// let counter = end_snapshot.get_entry::<_, u32>("counter").get(); /// assert_eq!(counter, Some(5)); /// ``` /// /// Testing that a script makes progress (this one doesn't): /// /// ```should_panic /// # use exonum_derive::*; /// # use exonum::runtime::{ /// # migrations::{MigrationContext, MigrationError}, versioning::Version, /// # }; /// # use exonum::merkledb::access::AccessExt; /// # use exonum_rust_runtime::Service; /// # use exonum_testkit::migrations::{AbortPolicy, MigrationTest, ScriptExt}; /// fn infinite_script(ctx: &mut MigrationContext) -> Result<(), MigrationError> { /// for counter in 0_u32..5 { /// ctx.helper.new_data().get_entry("counter").set(counter); /// ctx.helper.merge()?; /// } /// // To get here, the script requires 5 successive database merges to succeed. /// Ok(()) /// } /// # #[derive(Debug, ServiceDispatcher, ServiceFactory)] /// # #[service_factory(artifact_name = "test-service")] /// # pub struct ServiceUnderTest; /// # impl Service for ServiceUnderTest {} /// /// let mut test = MigrationTest::new(ServiceUnderTest, Version::new(0, 1, 0)); /// test.execute_until_flush( /// || infinite_script.with_end_version("0.2.0"), /// // This policy does not generate 5 successful merges in a row, so the script /// // doesn't make any progress. Due to `limit_merges`, the test will panic /// // rather than hang up. /// AbortPolicy::abort_repeatedly().limit_merges(100), /// ); /// ``` #[derive(Debug)] pub struct MigrationTest<S> { db: Arc<dyn Database>, service_factory: S, data_version: Version, start_snapshot: Option<Box<dyn Snapshot>>, end_snapshot: Option<Box<dyn Snapshot>>, } impl<S> MigrationTest<S> where S: ServiceFactory, { const SERVICE_NAME: &'static str = "test"; /// Initializes a test with the given start version of the artifact. pub fn new(service_factory: S, start_version: Version) -> Self { Self { db: Arc::new(TemporaryDB::new()), service_factory, data_version: start_version, start_snapshot: None, end_snapshot: None, } } /// Sets up initial data for the service before the migration. pub fn setup<F>(&mut self, setup: F) -> &mut Self where F: FnOnce(Prefixed<&Fork>), { let fork = self.db.fork(); let access = Prefixed::new(Self::SERVICE_NAME, &fork); setup(access); self.db.merge(fork.into_patch()).unwrap(); self } /// Gets the snapshot before the migration scripts are run. pub fn start_snapshot(&self) -> Prefixed<&dyn Snapshot> { let snapshot = self .start_snapshot .as_ref() .expect("Cannot take snapshot before `migrate` method is called"); Prefixed::new(Self::SERVICE_NAME, snapshot) } /// Gets the migrated data. This method is useful to inspect migration state after /// script abortion. Once the migration is flushed, the migrated data is erased. pub fn migration_data(&self) -> Migration<&dyn Snapshot> { let snapshot = self .end_snapshot .as_ref() .expect("Cannot take snapshot before `migrate` method is called"); Migration::new(Self::SERVICE_NAME, snapshot) } /// Gets the snapshot at the end of the migration. If the latest migration script execution /// was aborted, this method will provide access to old data since the migration is not /// flushed in this case. pub fn end_snapshot(&self) -> Prefixed<&dyn Snapshot> { let snapshot = self .end_snapshot .as_ref() .expect("Cannot take snapshot before `migrate` method is called"); Prefixed::new(Self::SERVICE_NAME, snapshot) } /// Executes a single migration script. pub fn execute_script(&mut self, script: MigrationScript) -> &mut Self { self.start_snapshot = Some(self.db.snapshot()); self.do_execute_script(script, ()); self.end_snapshot = Some(self.db.snapshot()); self } /// Executes a migration script with the specified abort policy. Each time the script merges /// changes to the database, the policy will be queried whether to proceed or emulate script /// abort. /// /// # Return Value /// /// Returns status of the script indicating whether it completed successfully or was aborted. pub fn execute_script_with_aborts( &mut self, script: MigrationScript, abort_handle: impl AbortMigration + 'static, ) -> ScriptStatus { self.start_snapshot = Some(self.db.snapshot()); let status = self.do_execute_script(script, abort_handle); self.end_snapshot = Some(self.db.snapshot()); status } /// Repeatedly executes a migration script with the provided abort policy until the script /// is completed (i.e., returns `Ok(_)`). The migration is flushed after this method returns. /// /// The policy should be configured in such a way that it eventually progresses /// the script. A policy that aborts the script every time will lead to a hang-up /// if the script has at least one merge. [`AbortPolicy`] automatically /// satisfies this requirement; after each abort, it allows at least one merge. /// /// [`AbortPolicy`]: struct.AbortPolicy.html pub fn execute_until_flush<F, T>(&mut self, mut script_fn: F, aborts: T) -> &mut Self where F: FnMut() -> MigrationScript, T: AbortMigration + Send + Sync + 'static, { #[derive(Debug)] struct Shared<U>(Arc<U>); impl<U> Clone for Shared<U> { fn clone(&self) -> Self { Self(Arc::clone(&self.0)) } } impl<U> AbortMigration for Shared<U> where U: AbortMigration + Send + Sync, { fn is_aborted(&self) -> bool { self.0.is_aborted() } } let abort_handle = Shared(Arc::new(aborts)); loop { let script = script_fn(); let res = self.execute_script_with_aborts(script, abort_handle.clone()); if res == ScriptStatus::Ok { break; } } self } fn do_execute_script( &mut self, script: MigrationScript, abort_handle: impl AbortMigration + 'static, ) -> ScriptStatus { let instance_spec = InstanceSpec::from_raw_parts( 100, Self::SERVICE_NAME.to_owned(), self.service_factory.artifact_id(), ); let mut context = MigrationContext::new( MigrationHelper::new(Arc::clone(&self.db), Self::SERVICE_NAME), instance_spec, self.data_version.clone(), ); context.helper.set_abort_handle(abort_handle); let end_version = script.end_version().to_owned(); match script.execute(&mut context) { Ok(()) => { // The fork in `MigrationHelper` may contain unmerged changes. We want to merge them, // but we need to swap the abort handle first (since the old one may lead to `finish` // failing). context.helper.set_abort_handle(()); context.helper.finish().unwrap(); let mut fork = self.db.fork(); flush_migration(&mut fork, Self::SERVICE_NAME); self.db.merge(fork.into_patch()).unwrap(); self.data_version = end_version; ScriptStatus::Ok } Err(MigrationError::Helper(DbMigrationError::Aborted)) => { // We've successfully emulated script abortion! ScriptStatus::Aborted } Err(err) => panic!("Script has generated a fatal error: {}", err), } } } impl<S> MigrationTest<S> where S: ServiceFactory + MigrateData, { /// Performs the migration based on the `MigrateData` implementation. pub fn migrate(&mut self) -> &mut Self { let scripts = self .service_factory .migration_scripts(&self.data_version) .expect("Failed to extract migration scripts"); self.start_snapshot = Some(self.db.snapshot()); for script in scripts { self.do_execute_script(script, ()); } self.end_snapshot = Some(self.db.snapshot()); self } } /// Abort policy based on an iterator yielding responses to the question whether to abort /// the migration script when it merges data to the database. /// /// After each "yes" answer (i.e., script abort) the policy will return "no" to the following /// question without querying the iterator. This ensures that using `AbortPolicy` in the /// [`execute_until_flush`] method will eventually complete the script (unless the script logic /// itself is faulty). /// /// [`execute_until_flush`]: struct.MigrationTest.html#method.execute_until_flush #[derive(Debug)] pub struct AbortPolicy<I> { // `Mutex` is used to make the type `Send` / `Sync`. inner: Mutex<AbortPolicyInner<I>>, } impl<I> AbortPolicy<I> where I: Iterator<Item = bool>, { /// Creates a new policy around the provided iterator. The iterator may be finite; once /// it runs out of items, the answer to the question whether to abort the script will always /// be "no". pub fn new(iter: I) -> Self { let inner = AbortPolicyInner { iter, was_aborted_on_prev_iteration: false, merge_count: 0, max_merges: None, }; Self { inner: Mutex::new(inner), } } /// Limits the maximum number of merges that the policy will execute. If this number is exceeded, /// the `AbortPolicy` will panic. /// /// Limiting the number of merges is useful to test that a migration script does not hang up /// with an "unfriendly" abort schedule. pub fn limit_merges(mut self, max_merges: usize) -> Self { let lock = self .inner .get_mut() .expect("Cannot lock `AbortPolicy` mutex"); lock.max_merges = Some(max_merges); self } } impl AbortPolicy<iter::Repeat<bool>> { /// Creates a policy which aborts the script every other time. This ensures that the script /// makes progress, but tests its failure tolerance in "unfriendly" conditions. pub fn abort_repeatedly() -> Self { Self::new(iter::repeat(true)) } } impl<I> AbortMigration for AbortPolicy<I> where I: Iterator<Item = bool> + Send, { fn is_aborted(&self) -> bool { let mut lock = self.inner.lock().expect("Cannot lock `AbortPolicy` mutex"); lock.should_abort() } } #[derive(Debug)] struct AbortPolicyInner<I> { iter: I, was_aborted_on_prev_iteration: bool, merge_count: usize, max_merges: Option<usize>, } impl<I: Iterator<Item = bool>> AbortPolicyInner<I> { fn should_abort(&mut self) -> bool { let should_abort = if self.was_aborted_on_prev_iteration { self.was_aborted_on_prev_iteration = false; false } else { let next_value = self.iter.next().unwrap_or(false); self.was_aborted_on_prev_iteration = next_value; next_value }; if !should_abort { self.merge_count += 1; if let Some(max_merges) = self.max_merges { assert!( self.merge_count <= max_merges, "Migration script has not terminated after {} merges", max_merges ); } } should_abort } } /// Extension trait to build `MigrationScript`s easily. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # use exonum::runtime::migrations::{MigrationContext, MigrationError, MigrationScript}; /// # use exonum_derive::*; /// use exonum_testkit::migrations::ScriptExt as _; /// /// fn some_script(ctx: &mut MigrationContext) -> Result<(), MigrationError> { /// // business logic skipped /// # Ok(()) /// } /// /// let script: MigrationScript = some_script.with_end_version("0.2.0"); /// ``` pub trait ScriptExt { /// Converts a function to a migration script. fn with_end_version(self, version: &str) -> MigrationScript; } impl<F> ScriptExt for F where F: FnOnce(&mut MigrationContext) -> Result<(), MigrationError> + Send + 'static, { fn with_end_version(self, version: &str) -> MigrationScript { MigrationScript::new(self, version.parse().expect("Cannot parse end version")) } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; use exonum::{ merkledb::access::AccessExt, runtime::{migrations::InitMigrationError, ArtifactId}, }; use exonum_rust_runtime::{ArtifactProtobufSpec, Service}; use std::{ iter, sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering}, }; fn script_1(ctx: &mut MigrationContext) -> Result<(), MigrationError> { assert_eq!(ctx.data_version, Version::new(0, 1, 0)); Ok(()) } fn script_2(ctx: &mut MigrationContext) -> Result<(), MigrationError> { assert_eq!(ctx.data_version, Version::new(0, 2, 0)); Ok(()) } /// This script counts to 10. fn script_with_merges(ctx: &mut MigrationContext) -> Result<(), MigrationError> { let mut current_value = ctx .helper .new_data() .get_entry::<_, u32>("entry") .get() .unwrap_or(0); while current_value < 10 { ctx.helper .new_data() .get_entry::<_, u32>("entry") .set(current_value + 1); ctx.helper.merge()?; current_value += 1; } Ok(()) } /// This script attempts to count to 10, but fails miserably. fn incorrect_script_with_merges(ctx: &mut MigrationContext) -> Result<(), MigrationError> { for i in 0_u32..10 { ctx.helper.new_data().get_entry("entry").set(i); ctx.helper.merge()?; } Ok(()) } #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)] struct SomeService { script_counters: [Arc<AtomicUsize>; 2], } impl ServiceFactory for SomeService { fn artifact_id(&self) -> ArtifactId { ArtifactId::from_raw_parts(0, "exonum.test.Migrations".into(), Version::new(0, 3, 2)) } fn artifact_protobuf_spec(&self) -> ArtifactProtobufSpec { ArtifactProtobufSpec::default() } fn create_instance(&self) -> Box<dyn Service> { unimplemented!() } } impl MigrateData for SomeService { fn migration_scripts( &self, _: &Version, ) -> Result<Vec<MigrationScript>, InitMigrationError> { let first_counter = Arc::clone(&self.script_counters[0]); let second_counter = Arc::clone(&self.script_counters[1]); Ok(vec![ (move |ctx: &mut MigrationContext| { script_1(ctx)?; first_counter.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst); Ok(()) }) .with_end_version("0.2.0"), (move |ctx: &mut MigrationContext| { script_2(ctx)?; second_counter.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst); Ok(()) }) .with_end_version("0.3.0"), ]) } } #[test] fn start_version_is_updated_between_scripts() { let mut test = MigrationTest::new(SomeService::default(), Version::new(0, 1, 0)); test.setup(|_| {}) .execute_script(script_1.with_end_version("0.2.0")) .execute_script(script_2.with_end_version("0.3.0")); assert_eq!(test.data_version, Version::new(0, 3, 0)); } #[test] fn migrate_calls_all_scripts() { let factory = SomeService::default(); let mut test = MigrationTest::new(factory.clone(), Version::new(0, 1, 0)); test.setup(|_| {}).migrate(); assert_eq!(test.data_version, Version::new(0, 3, 0)); assert_eq!(factory.script_counters[0].load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1); assert_eq!(factory.script_counters[1].load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1); } #[test] fn abort_policy_with_chosen_iterators() { let abort_policy = AbortPolicy::new(iter::repeat(false)); for _ in 0..100 { assert!(!abort_policy.is_aborted()); } let abort_policy = AbortPolicy::new(iter::repeat(true)); for i in 0..100 { // We should get `true, false, true, false, ...` sequence of aborts. assert_eq!(abort_policy.is_aborted(), i % 2 == 0); } let seq = iter::repeat(false).take(3).chain(iter::repeat(true)); let abort_policy = AbortPolicy::new(seq); let expected_aborts = vec![false, false, false, true, false, true, false, true]; for expected in expected_aborts { assert_eq!(expected, abort_policy.is_aborted()); } let seq = vec![false, true, false, false, true]; let abort_policy = AbortPolicy::new(seq.into_iter()); let expected_aborts = vec![false, true, false, false, false, true, false, false]; for expected in expected_aborts { assert_eq!(expected, abort_policy.is_aborted()); } } #[test] fn testing_script_with_aborts() { let mut test = MigrationTest::new(SomeService::default(), Version::new(0, 1, 0)); let abort_policy = AbortPolicy::new(iter::once(true)); let status = test .setup(|_| {}) .execute_script_with_aborts(script_with_merges.with_end_version("0.2.0"), abort_policy); assert_eq!(status, ScriptStatus::Aborted); let value = test.end_snapshot().get_entry::<_, u32>("entry").get(); assert_eq!(value, None); let abort_policy = AbortPolicy::new(vec![false, false, true].into_iter()); let status = test .execute_script_with_aborts(script_with_merges.with_end_version("0.2.0"), abort_policy); assert_eq!(status, ScriptStatus::Aborted); let value = test.migration_data().get_entry::<_, u32>("entry").get(); assert_eq!(value, Some(2)); // Two successful iterations. let status = test.execute_script_with_aborts(script_with_merges.with_end_version("0.2.0"), ()); assert_eq!(status, ScriptStatus::Ok); let value = test.end_snapshot().get_entry::<_, u32>("entry").get(); assert_eq!(value, Some(10)); assert!(test.migration_data().index_type("entry").is_none()); } #[test] fn running_script_until_flush() { let abort_policy = AbortPolicy::abort_repeatedly(); let mut test = MigrationTest::new(SomeService::default(), Version::new(0, 1, 0)); let fail_counter = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0)); let fail_counter_ = Arc::clone(&fail_counter); let script = |ctx: &mut MigrationContext| { script_with_merges(ctx).map_err(move |err| { fail_counter_.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst); err }) }; let snapshot = test .execute_until_flush(|| script.clone().with_end_version("0.2.0"), abort_policy) .end_snapshot(); let value = snapshot.get_entry::<_, u32>("entry").get(); assert_eq!(value, Some(10)); assert_eq!(fail_counter.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 10); } #[test] #[should_panic(expected = "Migration script has not terminated after 100 merges")] fn migration_script_hanging_up() { let mut test = MigrationTest::new(SomeService::default(), Version::new(0, 1, 0)); test.execute_until_flush( || incorrect_script_with_merges.with_end_version("0.2.0"), AbortPolicy::abort_repeatedly().limit_merges(100), ); } }