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// Copyright 2020 The Exonum Team // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at // // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. //! The current runtime is for running native services written in Rust. //! //! In the Rust runtime a set of service artifacts that you may want to deploy is static. The set //! is defined at the time of compilation. Once the set is created, you can change it only by //! the node binary recompilation. //! //! Beware of removing artifacts from the Rust runtime. An attempt to remove an artifact //! from an instance that is already running can cause the blockchain to break. It is only safe //! to add new artifacts. //! //! The Rust runtime does not provide any level of service isolation from the operation system. //! Therefore, the security audit of the artifacts that should be deployed is //! up to the node administrators. //! //! The artifact interface in the Rust runtime is represented by the //! [`ServiceFactory`] trait. The trait creates service instances and provides //! information about the artifact. //! //! [`ServiceFactory`]: trait.ServiceFactory.html //! //! # Examples //! //! ## Minimal complete example //! //! ``` //! use exonum::runtime::{BlockchainData, ExecutionError}; //! use exonum_rust_runtime::{ExecutionContext, Service}; //! use exonum_derive::*; //! use serde_derive::*; //! //! // Determine the types of data that will be used in service transactions. //! //! #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, BinaryValue)] //! #[binary_value(codec = "bincode")] //! pub struct CreateWallet { //! pub name: String, //! } //! //! // You may create service-specific error types. //! //! #[derive(Debug, ExecutionFail)] //! pub enum Error { //! /// Wallet with the specified owner key already exists. //! WalletAlreadyExists = 1, //! } //! //! // Define a transaction interface for your service by creating a `Transactions` trait with //! // the following attribute and method signatures. //! #[exonum_interface] //! pub trait Transactions<Ctx> { //! type Output; //! // Each method in service should have an `interface_method` attribute specifying its ID. //! // Alternative is to use `#[exonum_interface(auto_ids)]` to assign IDs automatically, but //! // this is not a good idea for production code, since the method IDs assigned automatically //! // can change (e.g. because of reordering methods in trait). //! #[interface_method(id = 0)] //! // Each method of the trait should have a signature of the following format. //! // The argument should implement the `BinaryValue` trait. //! fn create_wallet(&self, context: Ctx, arg: CreateWallet) -> Self::Output; //! } //! //! // In order a service could process transactions, you have to implement the //! // `ServiceDispatcher` trait, which can be derived using the corresponding macro. //! // To explain to the runtime how to create instances of this service, you have //! // to implement the `ServiceFactory` trait by using the `ServiceFactory` derive macro. //! #[derive(Debug, ServiceDispatcher, ServiceFactory)] //! // Declare that the service implements the `Transactions` interface //! // that was presented above. //! #[service_dispatcher(implements("Transactions"))] //! // By default the macro uses the crate name and version to provide an artifact ID //! // for this service factory. You should only provide a path to the generated //! // Protobuf schema. //! #[service_factory(proto_sources = "exonum::proto::schema")] //! pub struct WalletService; //! //! // Do not forget to implement the `Transactions` and `Service` traits //! // for the service. //! impl Transactions<ExecutionContext<'_>> for WalletService { //! type Output = Result<(), ExecutionError>; //! //! fn create_wallet( //! &self, //! context: ExecutionContext<'_>, //! arg: CreateWallet, //! ) -> Result<(), ExecutionError> { //! // Some business logic... //! Ok(()) //! } //! } //! //! impl Service for WalletService {} //! ``` //! //! ## Stateful Service Definition //! //! Beware of stateful services in production, use this functionality only for debugging and //! prototyping. //! //! ``` //! # use exonum::runtime::{BlockchainData, ExecutionError}; //! # use exonum_rust_runtime::{ExecutionContext, Service}; //! # use exonum_derive::{exonum_interface, ServiceDispatcher, ServiceFactory}; //! #[exonum_interface] //! pub trait Transactions<Ctx> { //! # type Output; //! // service methods... //! } //! //! // If your service has a state, for example, for debugging purposes, then you can //! // use a separate structure for the service. //! //! #[derive(Debug, Default, ServiceDispatcher)] //! #[service_dispatcher(implements("Transactions"))] //! pub struct StatefulService { //! state: u64, //! } //! //! #[derive(Debug, ServiceFactory)] //! #[service_factory( //! // In this case you have to specify the service constructor explicitly. //! service_constructor = "Self::new_instance", //! proto_sources = "exonum::proto::schema", //! // To specify the artifact name and/or version explicitly you have to use the //! // following attributes. //! artifact_name = "stateful", //! artifact_version = "1.0.0", //! )] //! pub struct StatefulServiceFactory; //! //! impl StatefulServiceFactory { //! fn new_instance(&self) -> Box<dyn Service> { //! Box::new(StatefulService::default()) //! } //! } //! # impl Transactions<ExecutionContext<'_>> for StatefulService { //! # type Output = Result<(), ExecutionError>; //! # } //! # //! # impl Service for StatefulService {} //! ``` //! //! ## Removing Transactions //! //! If transaction became obsolete, it can be removed from the service. //! Removed transaction will remain its ID, but attempt to invoke it will result //! in returning [`CommonError::NoSuchMethod`]. //! //! Note to service authors: when removing transaction from interface, leave a comment //! why this method was removed and which ID it has. It is not required, but seeing the service //! history may be helpful, and it's easier to see than ID in the macro above the trait. //! //! Example: //! //! ``` //! # use exonum::runtime::{ExecutionError}; //! # use exonum_rust_runtime::{ExecutionContext, Service}; //! # use exonum_derive::{exonum_interface, interface_method, ServiceDispatcher, ServiceFactory}; //! #[exonum_interface(removed_method_ids(0, 2))] //! pub trait Transactions<Ctx> { //! type Output; //! //! // Method with ID 0 is removed because it was buggy. //! //! #[interface_method(id = 1)] //! fn actual_method(&self, context: Ctx, arg: u64) -> Self::Output; //! //! // Method with ID 2 is removed because it wasn't used by anybody. //! } //! //! #[derive(Debug, ServiceDispatcher, ServiceFactory)] //! #[service_dispatcher(implements("Transactions"))] //! #[service_factory(proto_sources = "exonum::proto::schema")] //! pub struct SampleService; //! //! impl Transactions<ExecutionContext<'_>> for SampleService { //! type Output = Result<(), ExecutionError>; //! //! // Implement only existing methods in trait. //! fn actual_method( //! &self, //! context: ExecutionContext<'_>, //! arg: u64, //! ) -> Result<(), ExecutionError> { //! // Some business logic... //! Ok(()) //! } //! } //! //! impl Service for SampleService {} //! ``` //! //! # Interfaces //! //! By bringing an interface trait into scope, you can use its methods with any stub type. //! Stub here means a type that can process calls from *any* interface. (What exactly //! is meant by processing depends on the stub and on the provided context argument.) //! For example, the following stubs are defined in this crate: //! //! | Stub | Behavior | //! |------|----------| //! | [`TxStub`] | Generates unsigned transactions | //! | `KeyPair` | Generates signed transactions (preferred) | //! | `(PublicKey, SecretKey)` | Generates signed transactions | //! | [`Broadcaster`] | Broadcasts transactions signed by the service keys of the node | //! | [`ExecutionContext`] | Calls methods of another service during transaction execution **(1)** | //! //! 1. Beware that this is experimental functionality which is subject to change in next releases. //! //! More stub types can be defined in other crates. To define a stub type, you need to implement //! one of [`GenericCall`] or [`GenericCallMut`] traits. //! //! ## Mutable interfaces //! //! `#[exonum_interface]` macro produces a mutable version of the interface trait, //! which differs from the original trait in the following ways: //! //! - Name is the original trait name appended with `Mut` (e.g., `TransactionsMut`) //! - All methods consume `&mut self` instead of `&self` //! //! Otherwise, the mutable trait is a carbon copy of the original trait. //! //! The mutable trait is necessary for some stub types (e.g., `ExecutionContext`) because they need //! to mutate their state when processing the calls. Hence, the mutable trait should be //! exported from the crate along with the original "immutable" trait. //! //! [`TxStub`]: struct.TxStub.html //! [`Broadcaster`]: struct.Broadcaster.html //! [`ExecutionContext`]: struct.ExecutionContext.html //! [`GenericCall`]: trait.GenericCall.html //! [`GenericCallMut`]: trait.GenericCallMut.html //! [`CommonError::NoSuchMethod`]: https://docs.rs/exonum/latest/exonum/runtime/enum.CommonError.html //! //! ## Interface usage //! //! ``` //! # use exonum::runtime::ExecutionError; //! # use exonum_rust_runtime::ExecutionContext; //! # use exonum::crypto::KeyPair; //! # use exonum_derive::{exonum_interface, interface_method}; //! # type CreateWallet = String; //! # type Transfer = String; //! #[exonum_interface] //! pub trait Transactions<Ctx> { //! type Output; //! #[interface_method(id = 0)] //! fn create_wallet(&self, context: Ctx, arg: CreateWallet) -> Self::Output; //! #[interface_method(id = 1)] //! fn transfer(&self, context: Ctx, arg: Transfer) -> Self::Output; //! } //! //! // Create a signed transaction. //! let keypair = KeyPair::random(); //! let create_wallet: CreateWallet = // ... //! # "create_wallet".to_owned(); //! // The context in this case is the numerical instance ID. //! let instance_id = 100; //! let tx = keypair.create_wallet(instance_id, create_wallet); //! let transfer: Transfer = // ... //! # "transfer".to_owned(); //! let other_tx = keypair.transfer(instance_id, transfer); //! // The same call with the explicit method attribution: //! # let transfer = "transfer".to_owned(); //! let other_tx = Transactions::transfer(&keypair, instance_id, transfer); //! //! // Using the trait within another service implementation: //! # struct Service; //! # type SomeArg = String; //! # impl Service { //! fn batch_transfers( //! &self, //! mut ctx: ExecutionContext<'_>, //! wallet_count: u64, //! ) -> Result<(), ExecutionError> { //! let receiver_service = "token"; //! // ^-- `ExecutionContext` allows to use any of service IDs as the context. //! for _ in 0..wallet_count { //! let transfer: Transfer = // ... //! # "transfer".to_owned(); //! ctx.transfer(receiver_service, transfer)?; //! // The same call with the explicit attribution: //! # let transfer = "transfer".to_owned(); //! TransactionsMut::transfer(&mut ctx, receiver_service, transfer)?; //! } //! Ok(()) //! } //! # } //! ``` #![warn( missing_debug_implementations, missing_docs, unsafe_code, bare_trait_objects )] #![warn(clippy::pedantic, clippy::nursery)] #![allow( // Next `cast_*` lints don't give alternatives. clippy::cast_possible_wrap, clippy::cast_possible_truncation, clippy::cast_sign_loss, // Next lints produce too much noise/false positives. clippy::module_name_repetitions, clippy::similar_names, clippy::must_use_candidate, clippy::pub_enum_variant_names, // '... may panic' lints. clippy::indexing_slicing, // Too much work to fix. clippy::missing_errors_doc, clippy::missing_const_for_fn )] pub use exonum::runtime::ExecutionContext; pub use self::{ error::Error, runtime_api::{ArtifactProtobufSpec, ProtoSourceFile, ProtoSourcesQuery}, service::{ AfterCommitContext, Broadcaster, DefaultInstance, Service, ServiceDispatcher, ServiceFactory, }, stubs::{FallthroughAuth, GenericCall, GenericCallMut, Interface, MethodDescriptor, TxStub}, }; pub mod api; pub mod spec; use exonum::{ blockchain::{Blockchain, Schema as CoreSchema}, helpers::Height, merkledb::Snapshot, runtime::{ catch_panic, migrations::{InitMigrationError, MigrateData, MigrationScript}, oneshot::Receiver, versioning::Version, ArtifactId, ExecutionError, ExecutionFail, InstanceDescriptor, InstanceId, InstanceSpec, InstanceState, InstanceStatus, Mailbox, MethodId, Runtime, RuntimeFeature, RuntimeIdentifier, WellKnownRuntime, }, }; use exonum_api::{ApiBuilder, UpdateEndpoints}; use futures::{channel::mpsc, executor, SinkExt}; use log::trace; use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet}; use self::api::ServiceApiBuilder; mod error; mod runtime_api; mod service; mod stubs; #[doc(hidden)] pub mod _reexports { //! Types necessary for `ServiceDispatcher` and `ServiceFactory` derive macros to work. pub use exonum::runtime::{ ArtifactId, CommonError, ExecutionContext, ExecutionError, MethodId, RuntimeIdentifier, }; } trait FactoryWithMigrations: ServiceFactory + MigrateData {} impl<T: ServiceFactory + MigrateData> FactoryWithMigrations for T {} /// Wrapper around a service factory that does not support migrations. #[derive(Debug)] struct WithoutMigrations<T>(T); impl<T: ServiceFactory> ServiceFactory for WithoutMigrations<T> { fn artifact_id(&self) -> ArtifactId { self.0.artifact_id() } fn artifact_protobuf_spec(&self) -> ArtifactProtobufSpec { self.0.artifact_protobuf_spec() } fn create_instance(&self) -> Box<dyn Service> { self.0.create_instance() } } impl<T> MigrateData for WithoutMigrations<T> { fn migration_scripts( &self, _start_version: &Version, ) -> Result<Vec<MigrationScript>, InitMigrationError> { Err(InitMigrationError::NotSupported) } } /// Rust runtime entity. /// /// [Detailed description of the Rust runtime](index.html). #[derive(Debug)] pub struct RustRuntime { blockchain: Option<Blockchain>, api_notifier: mpsc::Sender<UpdateEndpoints>, available_artifacts: HashMap<ArtifactId, Box<dyn FactoryWithMigrations>>, deployed_artifacts: HashSet<ArtifactId>, started_services: BTreeMap<InstanceId, Instance>, started_services_by_name: HashMap<String, InstanceId>, changed_services_since_last_block: bool, } /// Builder of the `RustRuntime`. #[derive(Debug, Default)] pub struct RustRuntimeBuilder { available_artifacts: HashMap<ArtifactId, Box<dyn FactoryWithMigrations>>, } #[derive(Debug)] struct Instance { id: InstanceId, name: String, service: Box<dyn Service>, artifact_id: ArtifactId, } impl Instance { fn descriptor(&self) -> InstanceDescriptor { InstanceDescriptor::new(self.id, &self.name) } } impl AsRef<dyn Service> for Instance { fn as_ref(&self) -> &dyn Service { self.service.as_ref() } } impl RustRuntimeBuilder { /// Creates a new builder instance. pub fn new() -> Self { Self::default() } /// Adds a new service factory to the runtime. The service factory does not support data /// migrations. Use [`with_migrating_factory`](#method.with_migrating_factory) to add /// a service factory with migration support. /// /// # Return value /// /// Returns a modified `RustRuntime` object for further chaining. pub fn with_factory<S: ServiceFactory>(mut self, service_factory: S) -> Self { let artifact = service_factory.artifact_id(); trace!( "Added available artifact {} without migration support", artifact ); let service_factory = WithoutMigrations(service_factory); self.available_artifacts .insert(artifact, Box::new(service_factory)); self } /// Adds a new service factory with migration support to the runtime. /// /// # Return value /// /// Returns a modified `RustRuntime` object for further chaining. pub fn with_migrating_factory<S>(mut self, service_factory: S) -> Self where S: ServiceFactory + MigrateData, { let artifact = service_factory.artifact_id(); trace!( "Added available artifact {} with migration support", artifact ); self.available_artifacts .insert(artifact, Box::new(service_factory)); self } /// Completes the build process, converting the builder into a `RustRuntime`. pub fn build(self, api_notifier: mpsc::Sender<UpdateEndpoints>) -> RustRuntime { RustRuntime { blockchain: None, api_notifier, available_artifacts: self.available_artifacts, deployed_artifacts: HashSet::new(), started_services: BTreeMap::new(), started_services_by_name: HashMap::new(), changed_services_since_last_block: true, // ^-- We set this flag to `true` to propagate initial changes to API (which always // include the runtime API) after the runtime is resumed or the genesis block // is created. } } /// Builds the Rust runtime without connection to the HTTP API. As the name implies, /// this method should only be used for testing. pub fn build_for_tests(self) -> RustRuntime { self.build(mpsc::channel(1).0) } } impl RustRuntime { /// Rust runtime name. pub const NAME: &'static str = "rust"; /// Returns a new builder for the runtime. pub fn builder() -> RustRuntimeBuilder { RustRuntimeBuilder::new() } fn assert_known_status(status: &InstanceStatus) { match status { InstanceStatus::Active | InstanceStatus::Stopped | InstanceStatus::Frozen | InstanceStatus::Migrating(_) => (), other => { panic!( "Received non-expected service status: {}; \ Rust runtime isn't prepared to process this action, \ probably Rust runtime is outdated relative to the core library", other ); } } } fn blockchain(&self) -> &Blockchain { self.blockchain .as_ref() .expect("Method called before Rust runtime is initialized") } fn add_started_service(&mut self, instance: Instance) { self.started_services_by_name .insert(instance.name.clone(), instance.id); self.started_services.insert(instance.id, instance); } fn remove_started_service(&mut self, instance: &InstanceSpec) { self.started_services_by_name.remove(&instance.name); self.started_services.remove(&instance.id); } fn deploy(&mut self, artifact: &ArtifactId) -> Result<(), ExecutionError> { if self.deployed_artifacts.contains(artifact) { panic!( "BUG: Core requested deploy of already deployed artifact {:?}", artifact ); } if !self.available_artifacts.contains_key(artifact) { let description = format!( "Runtime failed to deploy artifact with id {}, \ it is not listed among available artifacts. Available artifacts: {}", artifact, self.artifacts_to_pretty_string() ); return Err(Error::UnableToDeploy.with_description(description)); } trace!("Deployed artifact: {}", artifact); self.deployed_artifacts.insert(artifact.to_owned()); Ok(()) } fn new_service( &self, artifact: &ArtifactId, instance: &InstanceDescriptor, ) -> Result<Instance, ExecutionError> { let factory = self.available_artifacts.get(artifact).unwrap_or_else(|| { panic!( "BUG: Core requested service instance start ({}) of not deployed artifact {}", instance.name, artifact ); }); let service = factory.create_instance(); Ok(Instance { id: instance.id, name: instance.name.to_owned(), service, artifact_id: artifact.to_owned(), }) } /// Instantiates a service after checking that a matching service is not instantiated /// already. /// /// # Return value /// /// - `Some(_)` if a new service was instantiated. /// - `None` if a matching service is already stored in `self.services`. /// /// # Panics /// /// If the stored service does not match the provided `artifact` / `descriptor`, /// this method will panic. fn new_service_if_needed( &self, artifact: &ArtifactId, descriptor: &InstanceDescriptor, ) -> Result<Option<Instance>, ExecutionError> { if let Some(instance) = self.started_services.get(&descriptor.id) { assert!( instance.artifact_id == *artifact || artifact.is_upgrade_of(&instance.artifact_id), "Mismatch between the requested artifact and the artifact associated \ with the running service {}. This is either a bug in the lifecycle \ workflow in the core, or this version of the Rust runtime is outdated \ compared to the core.", descriptor ); if instance.artifact_id == *artifact { // We just continue running the existing service since we've just checked // that it corresponds to the same artifact. return Ok(None); } } Some(self.new_service(artifact, descriptor)).transpose() } fn api_endpoints(&self) -> Vec<(String, ApiBuilder)> { self.started_services .values() .map(|instance| { let mut builder = ServiceApiBuilder::new( self.blockchain().clone(), instance.descriptor(), instance.artifact_id.clone(), ); instance.as_ref().wire_api(&mut builder); let root_path = builder .take_root_path() .unwrap_or_else(|| ["services/", &instance.name].concat()); (root_path, ApiBuilder::from(builder)) }) .chain(self::runtime_api::endpoints(self)) .collect() } fn push_api_changes(&mut self) { if self.changed_services_since_last_block { let user_endpoints = self.api_endpoints(); // FIXME: this should either be made async, or an unbounded channel should be used. if !self.api_notifier.is_closed() { let send_task = self.api_notifier.send(UpdateEndpoints::new(user_endpoints)); executor::block_on(send_task).ok(); } } self.changed_services_since_last_block = false; } fn artifacts_to_pretty_string(&self) -> String { if self.available_artifacts.is_empty() { return "None".to_string(); } self.available_artifacts .keys() .map(ToString::to_string) .collect::<Vec<String>>() .join(", ") } } impl WellKnownRuntime for RustRuntime { const ID: u32 = RuntimeIdentifier::Rust as u32; } impl Runtime for RustRuntime { fn initialize(&mut self, blockchain: &Blockchain) { self.blockchain = Some(blockchain.clone()); } fn is_supported(&self, feature: &RuntimeFeature) -> bool { match feature { RuntimeFeature::FreezingServices => true, _ => false, } } // Propagates changes in the services immediately after initialization. fn on_resume(&mut self) { self.push_api_changes(); } fn deploy_artifact(&mut self, artifact: ArtifactId, spec: Vec<u8>) -> Receiver { let result = if spec.is_empty() { self.deploy(&artifact) } else { // Keep the spec for Rust artifacts empty. Err(Error::IncorrectArtifactId.into()) }; Receiver::with_result(result) } fn is_artifact_deployed(&self, id: &ArtifactId) -> bool { self.deployed_artifacts.contains(id) } // Unloading an artifact is effectively a no-op. fn unload_artifact(&mut self, artifact: &ArtifactId) { let was_present = self.deployed_artifacts.remove(artifact); debug_assert!( was_present, "Requested to unload non-existing artifact `{}`", artifact ); } fn initiate_adding_service( &self, context: ExecutionContext<'_>, artifact: &ArtifactId, parameters: Vec<u8>, ) -> Result<(), ExecutionError> { let instance = self.new_service(artifact, context.instance())?; let service = instance.as_ref(); catch_panic(|| service.initialize(context, parameters)) } fn initiate_resuming_service( &self, context: ExecutionContext<'_>, artifact: &ArtifactId, parameters: Vec<u8>, ) -> Result<(), ExecutionError> { let maybe_instance = self.new_service_if_needed(artifact, context.instance())?; let service = if let Some(ref instance) = maybe_instance { instance.as_ref() } else { // Indexing is safe due to how `new_service_if_needed` is implemented. self.started_services[&context.instance().id].as_ref() }; catch_panic(|| service.resume(context, parameters)) } fn update_service_status(&mut self, _snapshot: &dyn Snapshot, state: &InstanceState) { const CANNOT_INSTANTIATE_SERVICE: &str = "BUG: Attempt to create a new service instance failed; \ within `instantiate_adding_service` we were able to create a new instance, \ but now we are not."; let status = state .status .as_ref() .expect("Rust runtime does not support removing service status"); Self::assert_known_status(status); let mut service_api_changed = false; let switch_off = if status.provides_read_access() { if let Some(artifact) = state.associated_artifact() { // Instantiate the service if necessary. let maybe_instance = self .new_service_if_needed(artifact, &state.spec.as_descriptor()) .expect(CANNOT_INSTANTIATE_SERVICE); if let Some(instance) = maybe_instance { self.add_started_service(instance); // The service API has changed even if it was previously instantiated // (in the latter case, the instantiated version is outdated). service_api_changed = true; } false } else { // Service is no longer associated with an artifact; its API needs switching off. true } } else { // Service status (e.g., `Stopped`) requires switching the API off. true }; if switch_off { // Switch the service API off. service_api_changed = self.started_services.contains_key(&state.spec.id); self.remove_started_service(&state.spec); } self.changed_services_since_last_block = self.changed_services_since_last_block || service_api_changed; } fn migrate( &self, new_artifact: &ArtifactId, data_version: &Version, ) -> Result<Option<MigrationScript>, InitMigrationError> { let artifact = self .available_artifacts .get(new_artifact) .unwrap_or_else(|| { panic!( "BUG: `migrate` call to a non-existing artifact {:?}", new_artifact ); }); let mut scripts = artifact.migration_scripts(data_version)?; Ok(if scripts.is_empty() { None } else { Some(scripts.swap_remove(0)) }) } fn execute( &self, context: ExecutionContext<'_>, method_id: MethodId, payload: &[u8], ) -> Result<(), ExecutionError> { let instance = self .started_services .get(&context.instance().id) .expect("BUG: an attempt to execute transaction of unknown service."); catch_panic(|| instance.as_ref().call(context, method_id, payload)) } fn before_transactions(&self, context: ExecutionContext<'_>) -> Result<(), ExecutionError> { let instance = self .started_services .get(&context.instance().id) .expect("`before_transactions` called with non-existing `instance_id`"); catch_panic(|| instance.as_ref().before_transactions(context)) } fn after_transactions(&self, context: ExecutionContext<'_>) -> Result<(), ExecutionError> { let instance = self .started_services .get(&context.instance().id) .expect("`after_transactions` called with non-existing `instance_id`"); catch_panic(|| instance.as_ref().after_transactions(context)) } fn after_commit(&mut self, snapshot: &dyn Snapshot, mailbox: &mut Mailbox) { self.push_api_changes(); // By convention, services do not handle `after_commit()` on the genesis block. let core_schema = CoreSchema::new(snapshot); if core_schema.height() == Height(0) { return; } let blockchain = self.blockchain(); let validator_id = core_schema.validator_id(blockchain.service_keypair().public_key()); for service in self.started_services.values() { service.as_ref().after_commit(AfterCommitContext::new( mailbox, service.descriptor(), snapshot, blockchain.service_keypair(), blockchain.sender(), validator_id, )); } } }