Struct ethers::middleware::signer::SignerMiddleware

pub struct SignerMiddleware<M, S> { /* fields omitted */ }

Middleware used for locally signing transactions, compatible with any implementer of the Signer trait.

Example

use ethers_providers::{Middleware, Provider, Http};
use ethers_signers::LocalWallet;
use ethers_middleware::SignerMiddleware;
use ethers_core::types::{Address, TransactionRequest};
use std::convert::TryFrom;

let provider = Provider::<Http>::try_from("http://localhost:8545")
    .expect("could not instantiate HTTP Provider");

// Transactions will be signed with the private key below and will be broadcast
// via the eth_sendRawTransaction API)
let wallet: LocalWallet = "380eb0f3d505f087e438eca80bc4df9a7faa24f868e69fc0440261a0fc0567dc"
    .parse()?;

let mut client = SignerMiddleware::new(provider, wallet);

// You can sign messages with the key
let signed_msg = client.sign(b"hello".to_vec(), &client.address()).await?;

// ...and sign transactions
let tx = TransactionRequest::pay("vitalik.eth", 100);
let pending_tx = client.send_transaction(tx, None).await?;

// You can `await` on the pending transaction to get the receipt with a pre-specified
// number of confirmations
let receipt = pending_tx.confirmations(6).await?;

// You can connect with other wallets at runtime via the `with_signer` function
let wallet2: LocalWallet = "cd8c407233c0560f6de24bb2dc60a8b02335c959a1a17f749ce6c1ccf63d74a7"
    .parse()?;

let signed_msg2 = client.with_signer(wallet2).sign(b"hello".to_vec(), &client.address()).await?;

// This call will be made with `wallet2` since `with_signer` takes a mutable reference.
let tx2 = TransactionRequest::new()
    .to("0xd8da6bf26964af9d7eed9e03e53415d37aa96045".parse::<Address>()?)
    .value(200);
let tx_hash2 = client.send_transaction(tx2, None).await?;

Implementations

impl<M, S> SignerMiddleware<M, S> where
    M: Middleware,
    S: Signer, 

pub fn new(inner: M, signer: S) -> SignerMiddleware<M, S>

Creates a new client from the provider and signer.

pub fn address(&self) -> H160

Returns the client’s address

pub fn signer(&self) -> &S

Returns a reference to the client’s signer

pub fn with_signer(&self, signer: S) -> SignerMiddleware<M, S> where
    S: Clone,
    M: Clone, 

Trait Implementations

impl<M, S> Clone for SignerMiddleware<M, S> where
    M: Clone,
    S: Clone, 

pub fn clone(&self) -> SignerMiddleware<M, S>

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl<M, S> Debug for SignerMiddleware<M, S> where
    M: Debug,
    S: Debug, 

pub fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<M, S> Middleware for SignerMiddleware<M, S> where
    M: Middleware,
    S: Signer, 

pub fn default_sender(&self) -> Option<H160>

Returns the client’s address

pub fn is_signer<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = bool> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    SignerMiddleware<M, S>: 'async_trait, 

SignerMiddleware is instantiated with a signer.

pub fn fill_transaction<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self,
    tx: &'life1 mut TypedTransaction,
    block: Option<BlockId>
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<(), <SignerMiddleware<M, S> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    'life1: 'async_trait,
    SignerMiddleware<M, S>: 'async_trait, 

Helper for filling a transaction’s nonce using the wallet

pub fn send_transaction<'life0, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    tx: T,
    block: Option<BlockId>
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<PendingTransaction<'life0, <SignerMiddleware<M, S> as Middleware>::Provider>, <SignerMiddleware<M, S> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<TypedTransaction> + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    SignerMiddleware<M, S>: 'async_trait, 

Signs and broadcasts the transaction. The optional parameter block can be passed so that gas cost and nonce calculations take it into account. For simple transactions this can be left to None.

pub fn sign<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    data: T,
    __arg2: &'life1 H160
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Signature, <SignerMiddleware<M, S> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    'life1: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<Bytes> + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    SignerMiddleware<M, S>: 'async_trait, 

Signs a message with the internal signer, or if none is present it will make a call to the connected node’s eth_call API.

type Error = SignerMiddlewareError<M, S>

type Provider = <M as Middleware>::Provider

type Inner = M

pub fn inner(&self) -> &M

The next middleware in the stack

pub fn sign_transaction<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self,
    tx: &'life1 TypedTransaction,
    __arg2: H160
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Signature, <SignerMiddleware<M, S> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    'life1: 'async_trait,
    SignerMiddleware<M, S>: 'async_trait, 

Sign a transaction via RPC call

fn provider(&self) -> &Provider<Self::Provider>

The HTTP or Websocket provider.

fn client_version<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<String, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_block_number<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<U64, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn send_escalating<'a, 'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'a self,
    tx: &'life0 TypedTransaction,
    escalations: usize,
    policy: Box<dyn Fn(U256, usize) + Send + Sync + 'static, Global>
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<EscalatingPending<'a, Self::Provider>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'a: 'async_trait,
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

Send a transaction with a simple escalation policy.

fn resolve_name<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self,
    ens_name: &'life1 str
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<H160, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    'life1: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn lookup_address<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self,
    address: H160
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<String, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_block<'life0, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    block_hash_or_number: T
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Option<Block<H256>>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<BlockId> + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_block_with_txs<'life0, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    block_hash_or_number: T
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Option<Block<Transaction>>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<BlockId> + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_uncle_count<'life0, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    block_hash_or_number: T
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<U256, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<BlockId> + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_uncle<'life0, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    block_hash_or_number: T,
    idx: U64
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Option<Block<H256>>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<BlockId> + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_transaction_count<'life0, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    from: T,
    block: Option<BlockId>
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<U256, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<NameOrAddress> + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn estimate_gas<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self,
    tx: &'life1 TypedTransaction
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<U256, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    'life1: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn call<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self,
    tx: &'life1 TypedTransaction,
    block: Option<BlockId>
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Bytes, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    'life1: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_chainid<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<U256, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_net_version<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<U64, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_balance<'life0, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    from: T,
    block: Option<BlockId>
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<U256, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<NameOrAddress> + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_transaction<'life0, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    transaction_hash: T
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Option<Transaction>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Send + Sync + Into<H256> + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_transaction_receipt<'life0, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    transaction_hash: T
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Option<TransactionReceipt>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Send + Sync + Into<H256> + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_block_receipts<'life0, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    block: T
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<TransactionReceipt, Global>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<BlockNumber> + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_gas_price<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<U256, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn estimate_eip1559_fees<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self,
    estimator: Option<fn(U256, Vec<Vec<U256, Global>, Global>) -> (U256, U256)>
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<(U256, U256), Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_accounts<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<H160, Global>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn send_raw_transaction<'a, 'async_trait>(
    &'a self,
    tx: Bytes
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<PendingTransaction<'a, Self::Provider>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'a: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_logs<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self,
    filter: &'life1 Filter
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<Log, Global>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    'life1: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn new_filter<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self,
    filter: FilterKind<'life1>
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<U256, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    'life1: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn uninstall_filter<'life0, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    id: T
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<bool, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<U256> + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn watch<'a, 'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'a self,
    filter: &'life0 Filter
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<FilterWatcher<'a, Self::Provider, Log>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'a: 'async_trait,
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn watch_pending_transactions<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<FilterWatcher<'life0, Self::Provider, H256>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_filter_changes<'life0, 'async_trait, T, R>(
    &'life0 self,
    id: T
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<R, Global>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<U256> + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    R: Serialize + DeserializeOwned + Send + Sync + Debug + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn watch_blocks<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<FilterWatcher<'life0, Self::Provider, H256>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_code<'life0, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    at: T,
    block: Option<BlockId>
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Bytes, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<NameOrAddress> + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_storage_at<'life0, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    from: T,
    location: H256,
    block: Option<BlockId>
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<H256, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<NameOrAddress> + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn get_proof<'life0, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    from: T,
    locations: Vec<H256, Global>,
    block: Option<BlockId>
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<EIP1186ProofResponse, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<NameOrAddress> + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn txpool_content<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<TxpoolContent, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn txpool_inspect<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<TxpoolInspect, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn txpool_status<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<TxpoolStatus, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn trace_call<'life0, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    req: T,
    trace_type: Vec<TraceType, Global>,
    block: Option<BlockNumber>
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<BlockTrace, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<TypedTransaction> + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

Executes the given call and returns a number of possible traces for it

fn trace_raw_transaction<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self,
    data: Bytes,
    trace_type: Vec<TraceType, Global>
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<BlockTrace, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

Traces a call to eth_sendRawTransaction without making the call, returning the traces

fn trace_replay_transaction<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self,
    hash: H256,
    trace_type: Vec<TraceType, Global>
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<BlockTrace, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

Replays a transaction, returning the traces

fn trace_replay_block_transactions<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self,
    block: BlockNumber,
    trace_type: Vec<TraceType, Global>
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<BlockTrace, Global>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

Replays all transactions in a block returning the requested traces for each transaction

fn trace_block<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self,
    block: BlockNumber
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<Trace, Global>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

Returns traces created at given block

fn trace_filter<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self,
    filter: TraceFilter
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<Trace, Global>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

Return traces matching the given filter

fn trace_get<'life0, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    hash: H256,
    index: Vec<T, Global>
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Trace, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<U64> + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

Returns trace at the given position

fn trace_transaction<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self,
    hash: H256
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<Trace, Global>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

Returns all traces of a given transaction

fn parity_block_receipts<'life0, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    block: T
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<TransactionReceipt, Global>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<BlockNumber> + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

Returns all receipts for that block. Must be done on a parity node.

fn subscribe<'life0, 'async_trait, T, R>(
    &'life0 self,
    params: T
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<SubscriptionStream<'life0, Self::Provider, R>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Debug + Serialize + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    R: DeserializeOwned + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait,
    Self::Provider: PubsubClient, 

fn unsubscribe<'life0, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    id: T
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<bool, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<U256> + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait,
    Self::Provider: PubsubClient, 

fn subscribe_blocks<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<SubscriptionStream<'life0, Self::Provider, Block<H256>>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait,
    Self::Provider: PubsubClient, 

fn subscribe_pending_txs<'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<SubscriptionStream<'life0, Self::Provider, H256>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait,
    Self::Provider: PubsubClient, 

fn subscribe_logs<'a, 'life0, 'async_trait>(
    &'a self,
    filter: &'life0 Filter
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<SubscriptionStream<'a, Self::Provider, Log>, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'a: 'async_trait,
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait,
    Self::Provider: PubsubClient, 

fn fee_history<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait, T>(
    &'life0 self,
    block_count: T,
    last_block: BlockNumber,
    reward_percentiles: &'life1 [f64]
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<FeeHistory, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    'life1: 'async_trait,
    T: Into<U256> + Serialize + Send + Sync + 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait, 

fn create_access_list<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>(
    &'life0 self,
    tx: &'life1 TypedTransaction,
    block: Option<BlockId>
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<AccessListWithGasUsed, Self::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait, Global>> where
    'life0: 'async_trait,
    'life1: 'async_trait,
    Self: 'async_trait,