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//! A target for embedded-graphics drawing operations. mod clipped; mod color_converted; mod cropped; mod translated; use crate::{ geometry::{Dimensions, Point}, pixelcolor::PixelColor, primitives::{PointsIter, Rectangle}, Pixel, }; pub use clipped::Clipped; pub use color_converted::ColorConverted; pub use cropped::Cropped; pub use translated::Translated; /// A target for embedded-graphics drawing operations. /// /// The `DrawTarget` trait is used to add embedded-graphics support to a display /// driver or similar targets like framebuffers or image files. /// Targets are required to at least implement the [`size`] and [`draw_iter`] methods. All other /// methods provide default implementations which use these methods internally. /// /// Because the default implementations cannot use features specific to the target hardware they /// can be overridden to improve performance. These target specific implementations might, for /// example, use hardware accelerated drawing operations provided by a display controller or /// specialized hardware modules in a microcontroller. /// /// Note that some displays require a "flush" operation to write changes from a framebuffer to the /// display. See docs associated with the chosen display driver for details on how to update the /// display. /// /// # Examples /// /// ## Minimum implementation /// /// In this example `DrawTarget` is implemented for an an imaginary 64px x 64px 8-bit grayscale display /// that is connected using a simplified SPI interface. Because the hardware doesn't support any /// acceleration only the two required methods [`size`] and [`draw_iter`] need to be implemented. /// /// To reduce the overhead caused by communicating with the display for each drawing operation /// the display driver uses and framebuffer to store the pixel data in memory. This way all drawing /// operations can be executed in local memory and the actual display is only updated on demand /// by calling the `flush` method. /// /// Because all drawing operations are using a local framebuffer no communication error can occur /// while they are executed and the [`Error` type] can be set to `core::convert::Infallible`. /// /// ```rust /// use core::convert::TryInto; /// use embedded_graphics::{ /// pixelcolor::{Gray8, GrayColor}, /// prelude::*, /// primitives::Circle, /// style::PrimitiveStyle, /// }; /// # /// # struct SPI1; /// # /// # impl SPI1 { /// # pub fn send_bytes(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), CommError> { /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # } /// # /// /// /// SPI communication error /// #[derive(Debug)] /// struct CommError; /// /// /// A fake 64px x 64px display. /// struct ExampleDisplay { /// /// The framebuffer with one `u8` value per pixel. /// framebuffer: [u8; 64 * 64], /// /// /// The interface to the display controller. /// iface: SPI1, /// } /// /// impl ExampleDisplay { /// /// Updates the display from the framebuffer. /// pub fn flush(&self) -> Result<(), CommError> { /// self.iface.send_bytes(&self.framebuffer) /// } /// } /// /// impl DrawTarget for ExampleDisplay { /// type Color = Gray8; /// // `ExampleDisplay` uses a framebuffer and doesn't need to communicate with the display /// // controller to draw pixel, which means that drawing operations can never fail. To reflect /// // this the type `Infallible` was chosen as the `Error` type. /// type Error = core::convert::Infallible; /// /// fn draw_iter<I>(&mut self, pixels: I) -> Result<(), Self::Error> /// where /// I: IntoIterator<Item = Pixel<Self::Color>>, /// { /// for Pixel(coord, color) in pixels.into_iter() { /// // Check if the pixel coordinates are out of bounds (negative or greater than /// // (63,63)). `DrawTarget` implementation are required to discard any out of bounds /// // pixels without returning an error or causing a panic. /// if let Ok((x @ 0..=63, y @ 0..=63)) = coord.try_into() { /// // Calculate the index in the framebuffer. /// let index: u32 = x + y * 64; /// self.framebuffer[index as usize] = color.luma(); /// } /// } /// /// Ok(()) /// } /// } /// /// impl OriginDimensions for ExampleDisplay { /// fn size(&self) -> Size { /// Size::new(64, 64) /// } /// } /// /// let mut display = ExampleDisplay { /// framebuffer: [0; 4096], /// iface: SPI1, /// }; /// /// // Draw a circle with top-left at `(22, 22)` with a diameter of `20` and a white stroke /// let circle = Circle::new(Point::new(22, 22), 20) /// .into_styled(PrimitiveStyle::with_stroke(Gray8::WHITE, 1)); /// /// circle.draw(&mut display)?; /// /// // Update the display /// display.flush().unwrap(); /// # Ok::<(), core::convert::Infallible>(()) /// ``` /// /// # Hardware acceleration - solid rectangular fill /// /// This example uses an imaginary display with 16bpp RGB565 colors and hardware support for /// filling of rectangular areas with a solid color. A real display controller that supports this /// operation is the SSD1331 with it's "Draw Rectangle" (`22h`) command which this example /// is loosely based on. /// /// To leverage this feature in a `DrawTarget`, the default implementation of [`fill_solid`] can be /// overridden by a custom implementation. Instead of drawing individual pixels, this target /// specific version will only send a single command to the display controller in one transaction. /// Because the command size is independent of the filled area, all [`fill_solid`] calls will only /// transmit 8 bytes to the display, which is far less then what is required to transmit each pixel /// color inside the filled area. /// ```rust /// use core::convert::TryInto; /// use embedded_graphics::{ /// pixelcolor::{raw::RawU16, Rgb565, RgbColor}, /// prelude::*, /// primitives::{Circle, Rectangle}, /// style::{PrimitiveStyle, PrimitiveStyleBuilder}, /// }; /// # /// # struct SPI1; /// # /// # impl SPI1 { /// # pub fn send_bytes(&self, buf: &[u16]) -> Result<(), ()> { /// # Ok(()) /// # } /// # } /// # /// /// /// SPI communication error /// #[derive(Debug)] /// struct CommError; /// /// /// An example display connected over SPI. /// struct ExampleDisplay { /// iface: SPI1, /// } /// /// impl ExampleDisplay { /// /// Send a single pixel to the display /// pub fn set_pixel(&self, x: u32, y: u32, color: u16) -> Result<(), CommError> { /// // ... /// /// Ok(()) /// } /// /// /// Send commands to the display /// pub fn send_commands(&self, commands: &[u8]) -> Result<(), CommError> { /// // Send data marked as commands to the display. /// /// Ok(()) /// } /// } /// /// impl DrawTarget for ExampleDisplay { /// type Color = Rgb565; /// type Error = CommError; /// /// fn draw_iter<I>(&mut self, pixels: I) -> Result<(), Self::Error> /// where /// I: IntoIterator<Item = Pixel<Self::Color>>, /// { /// for Pixel(coord, color) in pixels.into_iter() { /// // Check if the pixel coordinates are out of bounds (negative or greater than /// // (63,63)). `DrawTarget` implementation are required to discard any out of bounds /// // pixels without returning an error or causing a panic. /// if let Ok((x @ 0..=63, y @ 0..=63)) = coord.try_into() { /// self.set_pixel(x, y, RawU16::from(color).into_inner())?; /// } /// } /// /// Ok(()) /// } /// /// fn fill_solid(&mut self, area: &Rectangle, color: Self::Color) -> Result<(), Self::Error> { /// // Clamp the rectangle coordinates to the valid range by determining /// // the intersection of the fill area and the visible display area /// // by using Rectangle::intersection. /// let area = area.intersection(&Rectangle::new(Point::zero(), self.size())); /// /// // Do not send a draw rectangle command if the intersection size if zero. /// // The size is checked by using `Rectangle::bottom_right`, which returns `None` /// // if the size is zero. /// let bottom_right = if let Some(bottom_right) = area.bottom_right() { /// bottom_right /// } else { /// return Ok(()); /// }; /// /// self.send_commands(&[ /// // Draw rectangle command /// 0x22, /// // Top left X coordinate /// area.top_left.x as u8, /// // Top left Y coordinate /// area.top_left.y as u8, /// // Bottom right X coordinate /// bottom_right.x as u8, /// // Bottom right Y coordinate /// bottom_right.y as u8, /// // Fill color red channel /// color.r(), /// // Fill color green channel /// color.g(), /// // Fill color blue channel /// color.b(), /// ]) /// } /// } /// /// impl OriginDimensions for ExampleDisplay { /// fn size(&self) -> Size { /// Size::new(64, 64) /// } /// } /// /// let mut display = ExampleDisplay { iface: SPI1 }; /// /// // Draw a rectangle with 5px red stroke and green fill. /// // The stroke and fill can be broken down into multiple individual rectangles, /// // so this uses `fill_solid` internally. /// Rectangle::new(Point::new(20, 20), Size::new(50, 40)) /// .into_styled( /// PrimitiveStyleBuilder::new() /// .stroke_color(Rgb565::RED) /// .stroke_width(5) /// .fill_color(Rgb565::GREEN) /// .build(), /// ) /// .draw(&mut display)?; /// /// // Draw a circle with top-left at `(5, 5)` with a diameter of `10` and a magenta stroke with /// // cyan fill. This shape cannot be optimized by calls to `fill_solid` as it contains transparent /// // pixels as well as pixels of different colors. It will instead delegate to `draw_iter` /// // internally. /// Circle::new(Point::new(5, 5), 10) /// .into_styled( /// PrimitiveStyleBuilder::new() /// .stroke_color(Rgb565::MAGENTA) /// .stroke_width(1) /// .fill_color(Rgb565::CYAN) /// .build(), /// ) /// .draw(&mut display)?; /// /// # Ok::<(), CommError>(()) /// ``` /// /// [`fill_solid`]: #method.fill_solid /// [`draw_iter`]: #tymethod.draw_iter /// [`size`]: #tymethod.size /// [`Error` type]: #associatedtype.Error pub trait DrawTarget: Dimensions { /// The pixel color type the targetted display supports. type Color: PixelColor; /// Error type to return when a drawing operation fails. /// /// This error is returned if an error occurred during a drawing operation. This mainly applies /// to drivers that need to communicate with the display for each drawing operation, where a /// communication error can occur. For drivers that use an internal framebuffer where drawing /// operations can never fail, [`core::convert::Infallible`] can instead be used as the `Error` /// type. /// /// [`core::convert::Infallible`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/convert/enum.Infallible.html type Error; /// Draw individual pixels to the display without a defined order. /// /// Due to the unordered nature of the pixel iterator, this method is likely to be the slowest /// drawing method for a display that writes data to the hardware immediately. If possible, the /// other methods in this trait should be implemented to improve performance when rendering /// more contiguous pixel patterns. fn draw_iter<I>(&mut self, pixels: I) -> Result<(), Self::Error> where I: IntoIterator<Item = Pixel<Self::Color>>; /// Fill a given area with an iterator providing a contiguous stream of pixel colors. /// /// Use this method to fill an area with contiguous, non-transparent pixel colors. Pixel /// coordinates are iterated over from the top left to the bottom right corner of the area in /// row-first order. The provided iterator must provide pixel color values based on this /// ordering to produce correct output. /// /// As seen in the example below, the [`PointsIter::points`] method can be used to get an /// iterator over all points in the provided area. /// /// The provided iterator is not required to provide `width * height` pixels to completely fill /// the area. In this case, `fill_contiguous` should return without error. /// /// This method should not attempt to draw any pixels that fall outside the drawable area of the /// target display. The `area` argument can be clipped to the drawable area using the /// [`Rectangle::intersection`] method. /// /// The default implementation of this method delegates to [`draw_iter`](#tymethod.draw_iter). /// /// # Examples /// /// This is an example implementation of `fill_contiguous` that delegates to [`draw_iter`]. This /// delegation behaviour is undesirable in a real application as it will be as slow as the /// default trait implementation, however is shown here for demonstration purposes. /// /// The example demonstrates the usage of [`Rectangle::intersection`] on the passed `area` /// argument to only draw visible pixels. If there is no intersection between `area` and the /// display area, no pixels will be drawn. /// /// ```rust /// use embedded_graphics::{ /// pixelcolor::{Gray8, GrayColor}, /// prelude::*, /// primitives::{ContainsPoint, Rectangle}, /// }; /// /// struct ExampleDisplay; /// /// impl DrawTarget for ExampleDisplay { /// type Color = Gray8; /// type Error = core::convert::Infallible; /// /// fn draw_iter<I>(&mut self, pixels: I) -> Result<(), Self::Error> /// where /// I: IntoIterator<Item = Pixel<Self::Color>>, /// { /// // Draw pixels to the display /// /// Ok(()) /// } /// /// fn fill_contiguous<I>(&mut self, area: &Rectangle, colors: I) -> Result<(), Self::Error> /// where /// I: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Color>, /// { /// // Clamp area to drawable part of the display target /// let drawable_area = area.intersection(&Rectangle::new(Point::zero(), self.size())); /// /// // Check that there are visible pixels to be drawn /// if drawable_area.size != Size::zero() { /// self.draw_iter( /// area.points() /// .zip(colors) /// .filter(|(pos, _color)| drawable_area.contains(*pos)) /// .map(|(pos, color)| Pixel(pos, color)), /// ) /// } else { /// Ok(()) /// } /// } /// } /// /// impl OriginDimensions for ExampleDisplay { /// fn size(&self) -> Size { /// Size::new(64, 64) /// } /// } /// ``` /// /// [`draw_iter`]: #tymethod.draw_iter /// [`Rectangle::intersection`]: ../primitives/rectangle/struct.Rectangle.html#method.intersection /// [`PointsIter::points`]: ../primitives/trait.PointsIter.html#tymethod.points fn fill_contiguous<I>(&mut self, area: &Rectangle, colors: I) -> Result<(), Self::Error> where I: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Color>, { self.draw_iter( area.points() .zip(colors) .map(|(pos, color)| Pixel(pos, color)), ) } /// Fill a given area with a solid color. /// /// If the target display provides optimized hardware commands for filling a rectangular area of /// the display with a solid color, this method should be overridden to use those commands to /// improve performance. /// /// The default implementation of this method calls [`fill_contiguous`](#method.fill_contiguous) /// with an iterator that repeats the given `color` for every point in `area`. fn fill_solid(&mut self, area: &Rectangle, color: Self::Color) -> Result<(), Self::Error> { self.fill_contiguous(area, core::iter::repeat(color)) } /// Fill the entire display with a solid color. /// /// If the target hardware supports a more optimized way of filling the entire display with a /// solid color, this method should be overridden to use those commands. /// /// The default implementation of this method delegates to [`fill_solid`] where the fill area /// is specified as `(0, 0)` with size `(width, height)` as returned from the [`size`] method. /// /// [`size`]: #method.size /// [`fill_solid`]: #method.fill_solid fn clear(&mut self, color: Self::Color) -> Result<(), Self::Error> { self.fill_solid(&self.bounding_box(), color) } } /// Extension trait for `DrawTarget`s. pub trait DrawTargetExt: DrawTarget + Sized { /// Creates a translated draw target based on this draw target. /// /// All drawing operations are translated by `offset` pixels, before being passed to the parent /// draw target. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use embedded_graphics::{ /// fonts::{Font6x8, Text}, /// mock_display::MockDisplay, /// pixelcolor::BinaryColor, /// prelude::*, /// style::MonoTextStyle, /// }; /// /// let mut display = MockDisplay::new(); /// let mut translated_display = display.translated(Point::new(10, 5)); /// /// // Draws text at position (10, 5) in the display coordinate system /// Text::new("Text", Point::zero()) /// .into_styled(MonoTextStyle::new(Font6x8, BinaryColor::On)) /// .draw(&mut translated_display)?; /// # /// # let mut expected = MockDisplay::new(); /// # /// # Text::new("Text", Point::new(10, 5)) /// # .into_styled(MonoTextStyle::new(Font6x8, BinaryColor::On)) /// # .draw(&mut expected)?; /// # /// # assert_eq!(display, expected); /// # /// # Ok::<(), core::convert::Infallible>(()) /// ``` fn translated(&mut self, offset: Point) -> Translated<'_, Self>; /// Creates a cropped draw target based on this draw target. /// /// A cropped draw target is a draw target for a rectangular subregion of the parent draw target. /// Its coordinate system is shifted so that the origin coincides with `area.top_left` in the /// parent draw target's coordinate system. /// /// The bounding box of the returned target will always be contained inside the bounding box /// of the parent target. If any of the requested `area` lies outside the parent target's bounding /// box the intersection of the parent target's bounding box and `area` will be used. /// /// Drawing operations outside the bounding box will not be clipped. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use embedded_graphics::{ /// fonts::{Font6x8, Text}, /// mock_display::MockDisplay, /// pixelcolor::Rgb565, /// prelude::*, /// primitives::Rectangle, /// style::MonoTextStyle, /// }; /// /// /// Fills a draw target with a blue background and prints centered yellow text. /// fn draw_text<T>(target: &mut T, text: &str) -> Result<(), T::Error> /// where /// T: DrawTarget<Color = Rgb565>, /// { /// target.clear(Rgb565::BLUE)?; /// /// let target_size = target.bounding_box().size; /// let text_size = Font6x8::CHARACTER_SIZE.component_mul(Size::new(text.len() as u32, 1)); /// /// let text_position = Point::zero() + (target_size - text_size) / 2; /// /// Text::new(text, text_position) /// .into_styled(MonoTextStyle::new(Font6x8, Rgb565::YELLOW)) /// .draw(target) /// } /// /// let mut display = MockDisplay::new(); /// display.set_allow_overdraw(true); /// /// let area = Rectangle::new(Point::new(5, 10), Size::new(40, 15)); /// let mut cropped_display = display.cropped(&area); /// /// draw_text(&mut cropped_display, "Text")?; /// # /// # Ok::<(), core::convert::Infallible>(()) /// ``` fn cropped(&mut self, area: &Rectangle) -> Cropped<'_, Self>; /// Creates a clipped draw target based on this draw target. /// /// A clipped draw target is a draw target for a rectangular subregion of the parent draw target. /// The coordinate system of the created draw target is equal to the parent target's coordinate /// system. All drawing operations outside the bounding box will be clipped. /// /// The bounding box of the returned target will always be contained inside the bounding box /// of the parent target. If any of the requested `area` lies outside the parent target's bounding /// box the intersection of the parent target's bounding box and `area` will be used. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use embedded_graphics::{ /// fonts::{Font12x16, Text}, /// mock_display::MockDisplay, /// pixelcolor::BinaryColor, /// prelude::*, /// primitives::Rectangle, /// style::MonoTextStyle, /// }; /// /// let mut display = MockDisplay::new(); /// /// let area = Rectangle::new(Point::zero(), Size::new(4 * 12, 16)); /// let mut clipped_display = display.clipped(&area); /// /// // Only the first 4 characters will be drawn, because the others are outside /// // the clipping area /// Text::new("Clipped", Point::zero()) /// .into_styled(MonoTextStyle::new(Font12x16, BinaryColor::On)) /// .draw(&mut clipped_display)?; /// # /// # let mut expected = MockDisplay::new(); /// # /// # Text::new("Clip", Point::zero()) /// # .into_styled(MonoTextStyle::new(Font12x16, BinaryColor::On)) /// # .draw(&mut expected)?; /// # /// # assert_eq!(display, expected); /// # /// # Ok::<(), core::convert::Infallible>(()) /// ``` fn clipped(&mut self, area: &Rectangle) -> Clipped<'_, Self>; /// Creates a color conversion draw target. /// /// A color conversion draw target is used to draw drawables with a different color type to a /// draw target. The drawable color type must implement `Into<C>`, where `C` is the draw /// target color type. /// /// # Performance /// /// Color conversion can be expensive on embedded hardware and should be avoided if possible. /// Using the same color type for drawables and the draw target makes sure that no unnecessary /// color conversion is used. But in some cases color conversion will be required, for example, /// to draw images with a color format only known at runtime. /// /// # Examples /// /// This example draws a `BinaryColor` image to an `Rgb888` display. /// /// ``` /// use embedded_graphics::{ /// image::{Image, ImageRaw}, /// mock_display::MockDisplay, /// pixelcolor::{BinaryColor, Rgb888}, /// prelude::*, /// }; /// /// /// The image data. /// const DATA: &[u8] = &[ /// 0b11110000, // /// 0b10010000, // /// 0b10010000, // /// 0b11110000, // /// ]; /// /// // Create a `BinaryColor` image from the image data. /// let raw_image = ImageRaw::<BinaryColor>::new(DATA, 4, 4); /// let image = Image::new(&raw_image, Point::zero()); /// /// // Create a `Rgb888` display. /// let mut display = MockDisplay::<Rgb888>::new(); /// /// // The image can't directly be drawn to the draw target because they use different /// // color type. This will fail to compile: /// // image.draw(&mut display)?; /// /// // To fix this `color_converted` is added to enable color conversion. /// image.draw(&mut display.color_converted())?; /// # /// # let mut expected = MockDisplay::from_pattern(&[ /// # "WWWW", // /// # "WKKW", // /// # "WKKW", // /// # "WWWW", // /// # ]); /// # /// # assert_eq!(display, expected); /// # /// # Ok::<(), core::convert::Infallible>(()) /// ``` fn color_converted<C>(&mut self) -> ColorConverted<'_, Self, C> where C: PixelColor + Into<Self::Color>; } impl<T> DrawTargetExt for T where T: DrawTarget, { fn translated(&mut self, offset: Point) -> Translated<'_, Self> { Translated::new(self, offset) } fn cropped(&mut self, area: &Rectangle) -> Cropped<'_, Self> { Cropped::new(self, area) } fn clipped(&mut self, area: &Rectangle) -> Clipped<'_, Self> { Clipped::new(self, area) } fn color_converted<C>(&mut self) -> ColorConverted<'_, Self, C> where C: PixelColor + Into<Self::Color>, { ColorConverted::new(self) } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { // NOTE: `crate` cannot be used here due to circular dependency resolution behaviour. use embedded_graphics::{ draw_target::{DrawTarget, DrawTargetExt}, geometry::{Dimensions, Point, Size}, mock_display::MockDisplay, pixelcolor::BinaryColor, primitives::{Primitive, Rectangle}, style::PrimitiveStyle, Drawable, Pixel, }; #[test] fn draw_iter() { let mut display = MockDisplay::new(); let area = Rectangle::new(Point::new(2, 1), Size::new(2, 4)); let mut clipped = display.clipped(&area); let pixels = [ Pixel(Point::new(0, 1), BinaryColor::On), Pixel(Point::new(1, 1), BinaryColor::On), Pixel(Point::new(2, 1), BinaryColor::On), Pixel(Point::new(3, 1), BinaryColor::On), Pixel(Point::new(4, 1), BinaryColor::On), Pixel(Point::new(2, 0), BinaryColor::Off), Pixel(Point::new(2, 2), BinaryColor::Off), Pixel(Point::new(2, 3), BinaryColor::Off), Pixel(Point::new(2, 4), BinaryColor::Off), Pixel(Point::new(2, 5), BinaryColor::Off), ]; clipped.draw_iter(pixels.iter().copied()).unwrap(); assert_eq!( display, MockDisplay::from_pattern(&[ " ", // " ##", // " . ", // " . ", // " . ", // ]) ); } #[test] fn fill_contiguous() { let mut display = MockDisplay::new(); let area = Rectangle::new(Point::new(3, 2), Size::new(2, 3)); let mut clipped = display.clipped(&area); let colors = [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, // 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, // 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, // 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, // ]; let area = Rectangle::new(Point::new(1, 2), Size::new(5, 4)); clipped .fill_contiguous(&area, colors.iter().map(|c| BinaryColor::from(*c != 0))) .unwrap(); assert_eq!( display, MockDisplay::from_pattern(&[ " ", // " ", // " ##", // " ..", // " .#", // ]) ); } #[test] fn fill_solid() { let mut display = MockDisplay::new(); let area = Rectangle::new(Point::new(3, 2), Size::new(4, 2)); let mut clipped = display.clipped(&area); let area = Rectangle::new(Point::new(2, 1), Size::new(6, 4)); clipped.fill_solid(&area, BinaryColor::On).unwrap(); assert_eq!( display, MockDisplay::from_pattern(&[ " ", // " ", // " ####", // " ####", // ]) ); } #[test] fn clear() { let mut display = MockDisplay::new(); let area = Rectangle::new(Point::new(1, 3), Size::new(3, 4)); let mut clipped = display.clipped(&area); clipped.clear(BinaryColor::On).unwrap(); let mut expected = MockDisplay::new(); area.into_styled(PrimitiveStyle::with_fill(BinaryColor::On)) .draw(&mut expected) .unwrap(); assert_eq!(display, expected); } #[test] fn bounding_box() { let mut display: MockDisplay<BinaryColor> = MockDisplay::new(); let area = Rectangle::new(Point::new(1, 3), Size::new(2, 4)); let clipped = display.clipped(&area); assert_eq!(clipped.bounding_box(), area); } #[test] fn bounding_box_is_clipped() { let mut display: MockDisplay<BinaryColor> = MockDisplay::new(); let display_bb = display.bounding_box(); let top_left = Point::new(10, 20); let size = Size::new(1000, 1000); let area = Rectangle::new(top_left, size); let clipped = display.clipped(&area); let expected_size = display_bb.size - Size::new(top_left.x as u32, top_left.y as u32); assert_eq!( clipped.bounding_box(), Rectangle::new(top_left, expected_size), ); } }