//! DER decoder.

use crate::{asn1::*, Choice, Decodable, Error, ErrorKind, Length, Result, Tag, TagNumber};
use core::{
    cmp::Ordering,
    convert::{TryFrom, TryInto},
};

/// DER decoder.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Decoder<'a> {
    /// Byte slice being decoded.
    ///
    /// In the event an error was previously encountered this will be set to
    /// `None` to prevent further decoding while in a bad state.
    bytes: Option<&'a [u8]>,

    /// Position within the decoded slice.
    position: Length,
}

impl<'a> Decoder<'a> {
    /// Create a new decoder for the given byte slice.
    pub fn new(bytes: &'a [u8]) -> Self {
        Self {
            bytes: Some(bytes),
            position: Length::ZERO,
        }
    }

    /// Decode a value which impls the [`Decodable`] trait.
    pub fn decode<T: Decodable<'a>>(&mut self) -> Result<T> {
        if self.is_failed() {
            return Err(self.error(ErrorKind::Failed));
        }

        T::decode(self).map_err(|e| {
            self.bytes.take();
            e.nested(self.position)
        })
    }

    /// Return an error with the given [`ErrorKind`], annotating it with
    /// context about where the error occurred.
    pub fn error(&mut self, kind: ErrorKind) -> Error {
        self.bytes.take();
        kind.at(self.position)
    }

    /// Return an error for an invalid value with the given tag.
    pub fn value_error(&mut self, tag: Tag) -> Error {
        self.error(tag.value_error().kind())
    }

    /// Did the decoding operation fail due to an error?
    pub fn is_failed(&self) -> bool {
        self.bytes.is_none()
    }

    /// Finish decoding, returning the given value if there is no
    /// remaining data, or an error otherwise
    pub fn finish<T>(self, value: T) -> Result<T> {
        if self.is_failed() {
            Err(ErrorKind::Failed.at(self.position))
        } else if !self.is_finished() {
            Err(ErrorKind::TrailingData {
                decoded: self.position,
                remaining: self.remaining_len()?,
            }
            .at(self.position))
        } else {
            Ok(value)
        }
    }

    /// Have we decoded all of the bytes in this [`Decoder`]?
    ///
    /// Returns `false` if we're not finished decoding or if a fatal error
    /// has occurred.
    pub fn is_finished(&self) -> bool {
        self.remaining().map(|rem| rem.is_empty()).unwrap_or(false)
    }

    /// Attempt to decode an ASN.1 `ANY` value.
    pub fn any(&mut self) -> Result<Any<'a>> {
        self.decode()
    }

    /// Attempt to decode an `OPTIONAL` ASN.1 `ANY` value.
    pub fn any_optional(&mut self) -> Result<Option<Any<'a>>> {
        self.decode()
    }

    /// Attempt to decode ASN.1 `INTEGER` as `i8`
    pub fn int8(&mut self) -> Result<i8> {
        self.decode()
    }

    /// Attempt to decode ASN.1 `INTEGER` as `i16`
    pub fn int16(&mut self) -> Result<i16> {
        self.decode()
    }

    /// Attempt to decode unsigned ASN.1 `INTEGER` as `u8`
    pub fn uint8(&mut self) -> Result<u8> {
        self.decode()
    }

    /// Attempt to decode unsigned ASN.1 `INTEGER` as `u16`
    pub fn uint16(&mut self) -> Result<u16> {
        self.decode()
    }

    /// Attempt to decode an ASN.1 `INTEGER` as a [`UIntBytes`].
    #[cfg(feature = "bigint")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "bigint")))]
    pub fn uint_bytes(&mut self) -> Result<UIntBytes<'a>> {
        self.decode()
    }

    /// Attempt to decode an ASN.1 `BIT STRING`.
    pub fn bit_string(&mut self) -> Result<BitString<'a>> {
        self.decode()
    }

    /// Attempt to decode an ASN.1 `CONTEXT-SPECIFIC` field with the
    /// provided [`TagNumber`].
    ///
    /// This method has the following behavior which is designed to simplify
    /// handling of extension fields, which are denoted in an ASN.1 schema
    /// using the `...` ellipsis extension marker:
    ///
    /// - Skips over [`ContextSpecific`] fields with a tag number lower than
    ///   the current one, consuming and ignoring them.
    /// - Returns `Ok(None)` if a [`ContextSpecific`] field with a higher tag
    ///   number is encountered. These fields are not consumed in this case,
    ///   allowing a field with a lower tag number to be omitted, then the
    ///   higher numbered field consumed as a follow-up.
    /// - Returns `Ok(None)` if anything other than a [`ContextSpecific`] field
    ///   is encountered.
    pub fn context_specific(&mut self, tag: TagNumber) -> Result<Option<Any<'a>>> {
        loop {
            match self.peek().map(Tag::try_from).transpose()? {
                Some(Tag::ContextSpecific(actual_tag)) => {
                    match actual_tag.cmp(&tag) {
                        Ordering::Less => {
                            // Decode and ignore lower-numbered fields if
                            // they parse correctly.
                            self.decode::<ContextSpecific<'_>>()?;
                        }
                        Ordering::Equal => {
                            return self
                                .decode::<ContextSpecific<'_>>()
                                .map(|cs| Some(cs.value))
                        }
                        Ordering::Greater => return Ok(None),
                    }
                }
                _ => return Ok(None),
            }
        }
    }

    /// Attempt to decode an ASN.1 `GeneralizedTime`.
    pub fn generalized_time(&mut self) -> Result<GeneralizedTime> {
        self.decode()
    }

    /// Attempt to decode an ASN.1 `IA5String`.
    pub fn ia5_string(&mut self) -> Result<Ia5String<'a>> {
        self.decode()
    }

    /// Attempt to decode an ASN.1 `NULL` value.
    pub fn null(&mut self) -> Result<Null> {
        self.decode()
    }

    /// Attempt to decode an ASN.1 `OCTET STRING`.
    pub fn octet_string(&mut self) -> Result<OctetString<'a>> {
        self.decode()
    }

    /// Attempt to decode an ASN.1 `OBJECT IDENTIFIER`.
    #[cfg(feature = "oid")]
    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "oid")))]
    pub fn oid(&mut self) -> Result<ObjectIdentifier> {
        self.decode()
    }

    /// Attempt to decode an ASN.1 `OPTIONAL` value.
    pub fn optional<T: Choice<'a>>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<T>> {
        self.decode()
    }

    /// Attempt to decode an ASN.1 `PrintableString`.
    pub fn printable_string(&mut self) -> Result<PrintableString<'a>> {
        self.decode()
    }

    /// Attempt to decode an ASN.1 `UTCTime`.
    pub fn utc_time(&mut self) -> Result<UtcTime> {
        self.decode()
    }

    /// Attempt to decode an ASN.1 `UTF8String`.
    pub fn utf8_string(&mut self) -> Result<Utf8String<'a>> {
        self.decode()
    }

    /// Attempt to decode an ASN.1 `SEQUENCE`, creating a new nested
    /// [`Decoder`] and calling the provided argument with it.
    pub fn sequence<F, T>(&mut self, f: F) -> Result<T>
    where
        F: FnOnce(&mut Decoder<'a>) -> Result<T>,
    {
        Sequence::decode(self)?.decode_nested(f).map_err(|e| {
            self.bytes.take();
            e.nested(self.position)
        })
    }

    /// Decode a single byte, updating the internal cursor.
    pub(crate) fn byte(&mut self) -> Result<u8> {
        match self.bytes(1u8)? {
            [byte] => Ok(*byte),
            _ => Err(self.error(ErrorKind::Truncated)),
        }
    }

    /// Obtain a slice of bytes of the given length from the current cursor
    /// position, or return an error if we have insufficient data.
    pub(crate) fn bytes(&mut self, len: impl TryInto<Length>) -> Result<&'a [u8]> {
        if self.is_failed() {
            return Err(self.error(ErrorKind::Failed));
        }

        let len = len
            .try_into()
            .map_err(|_| self.error(ErrorKind::Overflow))?;

        let result = self
            .remaining()?
            .get(..len.try_into()?)
            .ok_or(ErrorKind::Truncated)?;

        self.position = (self.position + len)?;
        Ok(result)
    }

    /// Peek at the next byte in the decoder without modifying the cursor.
    pub(crate) fn peek(&self) -> Option<u8> {
        self.remaining()
            .ok()
            .and_then(|bytes| bytes.get(0).cloned())
    }

    /// Obtain the remaining bytes in this decoder from the current cursor
    /// position.
    fn remaining(&self) -> Result<&'a [u8]> {
        let pos = usize::try_from(self.position)?;

        self.bytes
            .and_then(|b| b.get(pos..))
            .ok_or_else(|| ErrorKind::Truncated.at(self.position))
    }

    /// Get the number of bytes still remaining in the buffer.
    fn remaining_len(&self) -> Result<Length> {
        self.remaining()?.len().try_into()
    }
}

impl<'a> From<&'a [u8]> for Decoder<'a> {
    fn from(bytes: &'a [u8]) -> Decoder<'a> {
        Decoder::new(bytes)
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::Decoder;
    use crate::{Decodable, ErrorKind, Length, Tag, TagNumber};
    use core::convert::TryFrom;
    use hex_literal::hex;

    #[test]
    fn context_specific_with_expected_field() {
        let tag = TagNumber::new(0);

        // Empty message
        let mut decoder = Decoder::new(&[]);
        assert_eq!(decoder.context_specific(tag).unwrap(), None);

        // Message containing a non-context-specific type
        let mut decoder = Decoder::new(&hex!("020100"));
        assert_eq!(decoder.context_specific(tag).unwrap(), None);

        //
        let mut decoder = Decoder::new(&hex!("A003020100"));
        let field = decoder.context_specific(tag).unwrap().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(u8::try_from(field).unwrap(), 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn context_specific_skipping_unknown_field() {
        let tag = TagNumber::new(1);
        let mut decoder = Decoder::new(&hex!("A003020100A103020101"));
        let field = decoder.context_specific(tag).unwrap().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(u8::try_from(field).unwrap(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn context_specific_returns_none_on_greater_tag_number() {
        let tag = TagNumber::new(0);
        let mut decoder = Decoder::new(&hex!("A103020101"));
        assert_eq!(decoder.context_specific(tag).unwrap(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn truncated_message() {
        let mut decoder = Decoder::new(&[]);
        let err = bool::decode(&mut decoder).err().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(ErrorKind::Truncated, err.kind());
        assert_eq!(Some(Length::ZERO), err.position());
    }

    #[test]
    fn invalid_field_length() {
        let mut decoder = Decoder::new(&[0x02, 0x01]);
        let err = i8::decode(&mut decoder).err().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(ErrorKind::Length { tag: Tag::Integer }, err.kind());
        assert_eq!(Some(Length::from(2u8)), err.position());
    }

    #[test]
    fn trailing_data() {
        let mut decoder = Decoder::new(&[0x02, 0x01, 0x2A, 0x00]);
        let x = decoder.decode().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(42i8, x);

        let err = decoder.finish(x).err().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            ErrorKind::TrailingData {
                decoded: 3u8.into(),
                remaining: 1u8.into()
            },
            err.kind()
        );
        assert_eq!(Some(Length::from(3u8)), err.position());
    }
}