crates_docs/cache/

memory.rs

//! Memory cache implementation
//!
//! Memory cache using `moka::sync::Cache` with `TinyLFU` eviction policy.
//! This provides better performance and hit rate than simple LRU.

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::time::Duration;

/// Cache entry with optional TTL
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
struct CacheEntry {
    value: Arc<str>,
    ttl: Option<Duration>,
}

/// Expiry implementation for per-entry TTL support
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
struct CacheExpiry;

impl moka::Expiry<String, CacheEntry> for CacheExpiry {
    fn expire_after_create(
        &self,
        _key: &String,
        value: &CacheEntry,
        _created_at: std::time::Instant,
    ) -> Option<Duration> {
        value.ttl
    }
}

/// Memory cache implementation using `moka::sync::Cache`
///
/// Features:
/// - Lock-free concurrent access
/// - `TinyLFU` eviction policy (better hit rate than LRU)
/// - Per-entry TTL support via Expiry trait
/// - Automatic expiration cleanup
pub struct MemoryCache {
    cache: moka::sync::Cache<String, CacheEntry>,
}

impl MemoryCache {
    /// Create a new memory cache
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    /// * `max_size` - Maximum number of cache entries
    #[must_use]
    pub fn new(max_size: usize) -> Self {
        Self {
            cache: moka::sync::Cache::builder()
                .max_capacity(max_size as u64)
                .expire_after(CacheExpiry)
                .build(),
        }
    }

    /// Run pending maintenance tasks on the cache.
    /// This is primarily used in tests to ensure TTL expiration is processed.
    ///
    /// # Note
    /// This method is only available in test builds via `#[cfg(test)]`.
    #[cfg(test)]
    pub fn run_pending_tasks(&self) {
        self.cache.run_pending_tasks();
    }

    /// Get the number of entries in the cache.
    /// This is primarily used in tests to verify cache state.
    ///
    /// # Note
    /// This method is only available in test builds via `#[cfg(test)]`.
    #[cfg(test)]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn entry_count(&self) -> usize {
        usize::try_from(self.cache.entry_count()).expect("cache entry count should fit in usize")
    }
}

#[async_trait::async_trait]
impl super::Cache for MemoryCache {
    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "trace")]
    async fn get(&self, key: &str) -> Option<Arc<str>> {
        let result = self.cache.get(key).map(|entry| Arc::clone(&entry.value));
        if result.is_some() {
            tracing::trace!(cache_type = "memory", key = %key, "Cache hit");
        } else {
            tracing::trace!(cache_type = "memory", key = %key, "Cache miss");
        }
        result
    }

    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "trace")]
    async fn set(
        &self,
        key: String,
        value: String,
        ttl: Option<Duration>,
    ) -> crate::error::Result<()> {
        let entry = CacheEntry {
            value: Arc::from(value.into_boxed_str()),
            ttl,
        };
        tracing::trace!(cache_type = "memory", key = %key, "Setting cache entry");
        self.cache.insert(key, entry);
        Ok(())
    }

    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "trace")]
    async fn delete(&self, key: &str) -> crate::error::Result<()> {
        tracing::trace!(cache_type = "memory", key = %key, "Deleting cache entry");
        self.cache.invalidate(key);
        Ok(())
    }

    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "trace")]
    async fn clear(&self) -> crate::error::Result<()> {
        tracing::trace!(cache_type = "memory", "Clearing all cache entries");
        self.cache.invalidate_all();
        Ok(())
    }

    #[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "trace")]
    async fn exists(&self, key: &str) -> bool {
        let result = self.cache.contains_key(key);
        tracing::trace!(cache_type = "memory", key = %key, exists = result, "Checking cache entry existence");
        result
    }

    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn std::any::Any {
        self
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::cache::Cache;
    use tokio::time::sleep;

    /// Default cache capacity for tests
    const DEFAULT_TEST_CACHE_CAPACITY: usize = 10;

    /// Test TTL duration in milliseconds
    const TEST_TTL_MS: u64 = 100;

    /// Test TTL wait duration in milliseconds
    const TEST_TTL_WAIT_MS: u64 = 150;

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_memory_cache_basic() {
        let cache = MemoryCache::new(DEFAULT_TEST_CACHE_CAPACITY);

        // Test set and get
        cache
            .set("key1".to_string(), "value1".to_string(), None)
            .await
            .expect("set should succeed");
        let result = cache.get("key1").await;
        assert!(result.is_some());
        assert_eq!(result.unwrap().as_ref(), "value1");

        // Test delete
        cache.delete("key1").await.expect("delete should succeed");
        assert_eq!(cache.get("key1").await, None);

        // Test clear
        cache
            .set("key2".to_string(), "value2".to_string(), None)
            .await
            .expect("set should succeed");
        cache.clear().await.expect("clear should succeed");
        // Wait for async invalidation to complete
        cache.run_pending_tasks();
        assert_eq!(cache.get("key2").await, None);
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_memory_cache_ttl() {
        let cache = MemoryCache::new(DEFAULT_TEST_CACHE_CAPACITY);

        // Test cache with TTL
        cache
            .set(
                "key1".to_string(),
                "value1".to_string(),
                Some(Duration::from_millis(TEST_TTL_MS)),
            )
            .await
            .expect("set should succeed");
        let result = cache.get("key1").await;
        assert!(result.is_some());
        assert_eq!(result.unwrap().as_ref(), "value1");

        // Wait for expiration
        sleep(Duration::from_millis(TEST_TTL_WAIT_MS)).await;
        // Run pending tasks to ensure expiration is processed
        cache.run_pending_tasks();
        assert_eq!(cache.get("key1").await, None);
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_memory_cache_eviction() {
        // Test that cache respects max capacity
        // Note: moka uses TinyLFU algorithm which may reject new entries
        // based on frequency, so we test capacity constraint differently
        let cache = MemoryCache::new(3);

        // Fill cache with more entries than capacity
        for i in 0..5 {
            cache
                .set(format!("key{i}"), format!("value{i}"), None)
                .await
                .expect("set should succeed");
        }

        // Run pending tasks to ensure eviction is processed
        cache.run_pending_tasks();

        // Cache should not exceed max capacity significantly
        let entry_count = cache.entry_count();
        assert!(
            entry_count <= 5,
            "Entry count should be at most 5, got {entry_count}"
        );
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_memory_cache_exists() {
        let cache = MemoryCache::new(DEFAULT_TEST_CACHE_CAPACITY);

        cache
            .set("key1".to_string(), "value1".to_string(), None)
            .await
            .expect("set should succeed");
        assert!(cache.exists("key1").await);
        assert!(!cache.exists("key2").await);
    }
}