Struct wasmtime::Module

pub struct Module { /* fields omitted */ }

A compiled WebAssembly module, ready to be instantiated.

A Module is a compiled in-memory representation of an input WebAssembly binary. A Module is then used to create an Instance through an instantiation process. You cannot call functions or fetch globals, for example, on a Module because it’s purely a code representation. Instead you’ll need to create an Instance to interact with the wasm module.

Creating a Module currently involves compiling code, meaning that it can be an expensive operation. All Module instances are compiled according to the configuration in Config, but typically they’re JIT-compiled. If you’d like to instantiate a module multiple times you can do so with compiling the original wasm module only once with a single Module instance.

The Module is thread-safe and safe to share across threads.

Modules and Clone

Using clone on a Module is a cheap operation. It will not create an entirely new module, but rather just a new reference to the existing module. In other words it’s a shallow copy, not a deep copy.

Examples

There are a number of ways you can create a Module, for example pulling the bytes from a number of locations. One example is loading a module from the filesystem:

let engine = Engine::default();
let module = Module::from_file(&engine, "path/to/foo.wasm")?;

You can also load the wasm text format if more convenient too:

let engine = Engine::default();
// Now we're using the WebAssembly text extension: `.wat`!
let module = Module::from_file(&engine, "path/to/foo.wat")?;

And if you’ve already got the bytes in-memory you can use the Module::new constructor:

let engine = Engine::default();
let module = Module::new(&engine, &wasm_bytes)?;

// It also works with the text format!
let module = Module::new(&engine, "(module (func))")?;

Implementations

impl Module

pub fn new(engine: &Engine, bytes: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> Result<Module>

Creates a new WebAssembly Module from the given in-memory bytes.

The bytes provided must be in one of the following formats:

• A binary-encoded WebAssembly module. This is always supported.
• A text-encoded instance of the WebAssembly text format. This is only supported when the wat feature of this crate is enabled. If this is supplied then the text format will be parsed before validation. Note that the wat feature is enabled by default.

The data for the wasm module must be loaded in-memory if it’s present elsewhere, for example on disk. This requires that the entire binary is loaded into memory all at once, this API does not support streaming compilation of a module.

If the module has not been already been compiled, the WebAssembly binary will be decoded and validated. It will also be compiled according to the configuration of the provided engine.

Errors

This function may fail and return an error. Errors may include situations such as:

• The binary provided could not be decoded because it’s not a valid WebAssembly binary
• The WebAssembly binary may not validate (e.g. contains type errors)
• Implementation-specific limits were exceeded with a valid binary (for example too many locals)
• The wasm binary may use features that are not enabled in the configuration of engine
• If the wat feature is enabled and the input is text, then it may be rejected if it fails to parse.

The error returned should contain full information about why module creation failed if one is returned.

Examples

The new function can be invoked with a in-memory array of bytes:

let module = Module::new(&engine, &wasm_bytes)?;

Or you can also pass in a string to be parsed as the wasm text format:

let module = Module::new(&engine, "(module (func))")?;

pub fn new_with_name(
    engine: &Engine,
    bytes: impl AsRef<[u8]>,
    name: &str
) -> Result<Module>

Creates a new WebAssembly Module from the given in-memory binary data. The provided name will be used in traps/backtrace details.

See Module::new for other details.

pub fn from_file(engine: &Engine, file: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<Module>

Creates a new WebAssembly Module from the contents of the given file on disk.

This is a convenience function that will read the file provided and pass the bytes to the Module::new function. For more information see Module::new

Examples

let engine = Engine::default();
let module = Module::from_file(&engine, "./path/to/foo.wasm")?;

The .wat text format is also supported:

let module = Module::from_file(&engine, "./path/to/foo.wat")?;

pub fn from_binary(engine: &Engine, binary: &[u8]) -> Result<Module>

Creates a new WebAssembly Module from the given in-memory binary data.

This is similar to Module::new except that it requires that the binary input is a WebAssembly binary, the text format is not supported by this function. It’s generally recommended to use Module::new, but if it’s required to not support the text format this function can be used instead.

Examples

let wasm = b"\0asm\x01\0\0\0";
let module = Module::from_binary(&engine, wasm)?;

Note that the text format is not accepted by this function:

assert!(Module::from_binary(&engine, b"(module)").is_err());

pub unsafe fn deserialize(
    engine: &Engine,
    bytes: impl AsRef<[u8]>
) -> Result<Module>

Deserializes an in-memory compiled module previously created with Module::serialize or Engine::precompile_module.

This function will deserialize the binary blobs emitted by Module::serialize and Engine::precompile_module back into an in-memory Module that’s ready to be instantiated.

Unsafety

This function is marked as unsafe because if fed invalid input or used improperly this could lead to memory safety vulnerabilities. This method should not, for example, be exposed to arbitrary user input.

The structure of the binary blob read here is only lightly validated internally in wasmtime. This is intended to be an efficient “rehydration” for a Module which has very few runtime checks beyond deserialization. Arbitrary input could, for example, replace valid compiled code with any other valid compiled code, meaning that this can trivially be used to execute arbitrary code otherwise.

For these reasons this function is unsafe. This function is only designed to receive the previous input from Module::serialize and Engine::precompile_module. If the exact output of those functions (unmodified) is passed to this function then calls to this function can be considered safe. It is the caller’s responsibility to provide the guarantee that only previously-serialized bytes are being passed in here.

Note that this function is designed to be safe receiving output from any compiled version of wasmtime itself. This means that it is safe to feed output from older versions of Wasmtime into this function, in addition to newer versions of wasmtime (from the future!). These inputs will deterministically and safely produce an Err. This function only successfully accepts inputs from the same version of wasmtime, but the safety guarantee only applies to externally-defined blobs of bytes, not those defined by any version of wasmtime. (this means that if you cache blobs across versions of wasmtime you can be safely guaranteed that future versions of wasmtime will reject old cache entries).

pub fn validate(engine: &Engine, binary: &[u8]) -> Result<()>

Validates binary input data as a WebAssembly binary given the configuration in engine.

This function will perform a speedy validation of the binary input WebAssembly module (which is in binary form, the text format is not accepted by this function) and return either Ok or Err depending on the results of validation. The engine argument indicates configuration for WebAssembly features, for example, which are used to indicate what should be valid and what shouldn’t be.

Validation automatically happens as part of Module::new.

Errors

If validation fails for any reason (type check error, usage of a feature that wasn’t enabled, etc) then an error with a description of the validation issue will be returned.

pub fn ty(&self) -> ModuleType

Returns the type signature of this module.

pub fn serialize(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>>

Serialize the module to a vector of bytes.

Use Module::new or Module::from_binary to create the module from the bytes.

pub fn name(&self) -> Option<&str>

Returns identifier/name that this Module has. This name is used in traps/backtrace details.

Note that most LLVM/clang/Rust-produced modules do not have a name associated with them, but other wasm tooling can be used to inject or add a name.

Examples

let module = Module::new(&engine, "(module $foo)")?;
assert_eq!(module.name(), Some("foo"));

let module = Module::new(&engine, "(module)")?;
assert_eq!(module.name(), None);

let module = Module::new_with_name(&engine, "(module)", "bar")?;
assert_eq!(module.name(), Some("bar"));

pub fn imports<'module>(
    &'module self
) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = ImportType<'module>> + 'module

Returns the list of imports that this Module has and must be satisfied.

This function returns the list of imports that the wasm module has, but only the types of each import. The type of each import is used to typecheck the Instance::new method’s imports argument. The arguments to that function must match up 1-to-1 with the entries in the array returned here.

The imports returned reflect the order of the imports in the wasm module itself, and note that no form of deduplication happens.

Examples

Modules with no imports return an empty list here:

let module = Module::new(&engine, "(module)")?;
assert_eq!(module.imports().len(), 0);

and modules with imports will have a non-empty list:

let wat = r#"
    (module
        (import "host" "foo" (func))
    )
"#;
let module = Module::new(&engine, wat)?;
assert_eq!(module.imports().len(), 1);
let import = module.imports().next().unwrap();
assert_eq!(import.module(), "host");
assert_eq!(import.name(), Some("foo"));
match import.ty() {
    ExternType::Func(_) => { /* ... */ }
    _ => panic!("unexpected import type!"),
}

pub fn exports<'module>(
    &'module self
) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = ExportType<'module>> + 'module

Returns the list of exports that this Module has and will be available after instantiation.

This function will return the type of each item that will be returned from Instance::exports. Each entry in this list corresponds 1-to-1 with that list, and the entries here will indicate the name of the export along with the type of the export.

Examples

Modules might not have any exports:

let module = Module::new(&engine, "(module)")?;
assert!(module.exports().next().is_none());

When the exports are not empty, you can inspect each export:

let wat = r#"
    (module
        (func (export "foo"))
        (memory (export "memory") 1)
    )
"#;
let module = Module::new(&engine, wat)?;
assert_eq!(module.exports().len(), 2);

let mut exports = module.exports();
let foo = exports.next().unwrap();
assert_eq!(foo.name(), "foo");
match foo.ty() {
    ExternType::Func(_) => { /* ... */ }
    _ => panic!("unexpected export type!"),
}

let memory = exports.next().unwrap();
assert_eq!(memory.name(), "memory");
match memory.ty() {
    ExternType::Memory(_) => { /* ... */ }
    _ => panic!("unexpected export type!"),
}

pub fn get_export<'module>(
    &'module self,
    name: &'module str
) -> Option<ExternType>

Looks up an export in this Module by name.

This function will return the type of an export with the given name.

Examples

There may be no export with that name:

let module = Module::new(&engine, "(module)")?;
assert!(module.get_export("foo").is_none());

When there is an export with that name, it is returned:

let wat = r#"
    (module
        (func (export "foo"))
        (memory (export "memory") 1)
    )
"#;
let module = Module::new(&engine, wat)?;
let foo = module.get_export("foo");
assert!(foo.is_some());

let foo = foo.unwrap();
match foo {
    ExternType::Func(_) => { /* ... */ }
    _ => panic!("unexpected export type!"),
}

pub fn engine(&self) -> &Engine

Returns the Engine that this Module was compiled by.

Trait Implementations

impl Clone for Module

fn clone(&self) -> Module

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl From<Module> for Extern

fn from(r: Module) -> Self

Performs the conversion.