1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
 10
 11
 12
 13
 14
 15
 16
 17
 18
 19
 20
 21
 22
 23
 24
 25
 26
 27
 28
 29
 30
 31
 32
 33
 34
 35
 36
 37
 38
 39
 40
 41
 42
 43
 44
 45
 46
 47
 48
 49
 50
 51
 52
 53
 54
 55
 56
 57
 58
 59
 60
 61
 62
 63
 64
 65
 66
 67
 68
 69
 70
 71
 72
 73
 74
 75
 76
 77
 78
 79
 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
 86
 87
 88
 89
 90
 91
 92
 93
 94
 95
 96
 97
 98
 99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
//!Server support for the [varlink protocol](http://varlink.org)
//!
//!To create a varlink server in rust, place your varlink interface definition file in src/.
//!E.g. `src/org.example.ping.varlink`:
//!
//!```varlink
//!## Example service
//!interface org.example.ping
//!
//!## Returns the same string
//!method Ping(ping: string) -> (pong: string)
//!```
//!
//!Then create a `build.rs` file in your project directory:
//!
//!```rust,no_run
//!extern crate varlink;
//!
//!fn main() {
//!    varlink::generator::cargo_build("src/org.example.ping.varlink");
//!}
//!```
//!
//!Add to your `Cargo.toml`:
//!
//!```toml
//![package]
//!build = "build.rs"
//!```
//!
//!In your `main.rs` you can then use:
//!
//!```rust,ignore
//!mod org_example_ping {
//!    include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/org.example.ping.rs"));
//!}
//!```
//!and then implement the interface:
//!
//!```no_run
//!# use std::io;
//!# use varlink;
//!# use varlink::CallTrait;
//!# struct _PingReply {pong: Option<String>}
//!# impl varlink::VarlinkReply for _PingReply {}
//!# struct _PingArgs {ping: Option<String>}
//!# pub trait _CallErr: varlink::CallTrait {}
//!# impl<'a> _CallErr for varlink::Call<'a> {}
//!# pub trait _CallPing: _CallErr {
//!#     fn reply(&mut self, pong: Option<String>) -> io::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
//!# }
//!# impl<'a> _CallPing for varlink::Call<'a> {}
//!# pub trait VarlinkInterface {
//!#     fn ping(&self, call: &mut _CallPing, ping: Option<String>) -> io::Result<()>;
//!#     fn call_upgraded(&self, _call: &mut varlink::Call) -> io::Result<()> {Ok(())}
//!# }
//!# pub struct _InterfaceProxy {inner: Box<VarlinkInterface + Send + Sync>}
//!# pub fn new(inner: Box<VarlinkInterface + Send + Sync>) -> _InterfaceProxy {
//!#     _InterfaceProxy { inner }
//!# }
//!# impl varlink::Interface for _InterfaceProxy {
//!#     fn get_description(&self) -> &'static str { "interface org.example.ping\nmethod Ping(ping: string) -> (pong: string)" }
//!#     fn get_name(&self) -> &'static str { "org.example.ping" }
//!#     fn call_upgraded(&self, call: &mut varlink::Call) -> io::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
//!#     fn call(&self, call: &mut varlink::Call) -> io::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
//!# }
//!
//!struct MyOrgExamplePing;
//!
//!impl VarlinkInterface for MyOrgExamplePing {
//!    fn ping(&self, call: &mut _CallPing, ping: Option<String>) -> io::Result<()> {
//!        return call.reply(ping);
//!    }
//!}
//!```
//!to implement the interface methods.
//!
//!If your varlink method is called `TestMethod`, the rust method to be implemented is called
//!`test_method`. The first parameter is of type `_CallTestMethod`, which has the method `reply()`.
//!
//!```no_run
//!# use std::io;
//!# use varlink::CallTrait;
//!# pub trait _CallErr: varlink::CallTrait {}
//!# impl<'a> _CallErr for varlink::Call<'a> {}
//!# pub trait _CallTestMethod: _CallErr {
//!#     fn reply(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
//!#         self.reply_struct(varlink::Reply::parameters(None))
//!#     }
//!# }
//!# impl<'a> _CallTestMethod for varlink::Call<'a> {}
//!# struct TestService;
//!# impl TestService {
//!fn test_method(&self, call: &mut _CallTestMethod, /* more arguments */) -> io::Result<()> {
//!    /* ... */
//!    return call.reply( /* more arguments */ );
//!}
//!# }
//!```
//!
//!A typical server creates a `VarlinkService` and starts a server via `varlink::listen()`
//!
//!```no_run
//!# use std::io;
//!# mod org_example_ping {
//!# use std::io;
//!# use varlink;
//!# struct _PingReply {pong: Option<String>}
//!# impl varlink::VarlinkReply for _PingReply {}
//!# struct _PingArgs {ping: Option<String>}
//!# pub trait _CallErr: varlink::CallTrait {}
//!# impl<'a> _CallErr for varlink::Call<'a> {}
//!# pub trait _CallPing: _CallErr {
//!#     fn reply(&mut self, pong: Option<String>) -> io::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
//!# }
//!# impl<'a> _CallPing for varlink::Call<'a> {}
//!# pub trait VarlinkInterface {
//!#     fn ping(&self, call: &mut _CallPing, ping: Option<String>) -> io::Result<()>;
//!#     fn call_upgraded(&self, _call: &mut varlink::Call) -> io::Result<()> {Ok(())}
//!# }
//!# pub struct _InterfaceProxy {inner: Box<VarlinkInterface + Send + Sync>}
//!# pub fn new(inner: Box<VarlinkInterface + Send + Sync>) -> _InterfaceProxy {
//!#     _InterfaceProxy { inner }
//!# }
//!# impl varlink::Interface for _InterfaceProxy {
//!#     fn get_description(&self) -> &'static str { "interface org.example.ping\nmethod Ping(ping: string) -> (pong: string)" }
//!#     fn get_name(&self) -> &'static str { "org.example.ping" }
//!#     fn call_upgraded(&self, call: &mut varlink::Call) -> io::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
//!#     fn call(&self, call: &mut varlink::Call) -> io::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
//!# }}
//!# use org_example_ping::*;
//!#
//!# struct MyOrgExamplePing;
//!#
//!# impl org_example_ping::VarlinkInterface for MyOrgExamplePing {
//!#     fn ping(&self, call: &mut _CallPing, ping: Option<String>) -> io::Result<()> {
//!#         return call.reply(ping);
//!#     }
//!# }
//!# fn main() {
//!let args: Vec<_> = std::env::args().collect();
//!let myorgexampleping = MyOrgExamplePing;
//!let myorgexampleping_interface = org_example_ping::new(Box::new(myorgexampleping));
//!
//!let service = varlink::VarlinkService::new(
//!    "org.varlink",
//!    "test service",
//!    "0.1",
//!    "http://varlink.org",
//!    vec![
//!        Box::new(myorgexampleping_interface),
//!        /* more interfaces ...*/
//!    ],
//!);
//!
//!varlink::listen(service, &args[1], 10, 0);
//!# }
//!```
//!
//!where args[1] would follow the varlink
//![address specification](https://github.com/varlink/documentation/wiki#address).
//!
//!Currently supported address URIs are:
//!
//!- TCP `tcp:127.0.0.1:12345` hostname/IP address and port
//!- UNIX socket `unix:/run/org.example.ftl` optional access `;mode=0666` parameter
//!- UNIX abstract namespace socket `unix:@org.example.ftl` (on Linux only)
//!- executed binary `exec:/usr/bin/org.example.ftl` via
//!  [socket activation](https://github.com/varlink/documentation/wiki#activation)
//!  (on Linux only)

extern crate bytes;
extern crate itertools;

extern crate libc;
extern crate serde;
#[macro_use]
extern crate serde_derive;
#[macro_use]
extern crate serde_json;
extern crate unix_socket;

extern crate varlink_parser;

pub mod generator;
mod server;

use serde_json::Value;
use serde::ser::Serialize;

use std::convert::From;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::io::{self, BufRead, BufReader, Error, ErrorKind, Read, Write};

/// This trait has to be implemented by any varlink interface implementor.
/// All methods are generated by the varlink-rust-generator, so you don't have to care
/// about them.
pub trait Interface {
    fn get_description(&self) -> &'static str;
    fn get_name(&self) -> &'static str;
    fn call(&self, &mut Call) -> io::Result<()>;
    fn call_upgraded(&self, &mut Call) -> io::Result<()>;
}

/// The structure of a varlink request. Used to serialize json into it.
///
/// There should be no need to use this directly.
///
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Default)]
pub struct Request {
    pub more: Option<bool>,
    pub oneshot: Option<bool>,
    pub upgrade: Option<bool>,
    pub method: Cow<'static, str>,
    pub parameters: Option<Value>,
}

/// Marker trait for the rust code generated by the varlink-rust-generator
///
/// There should be no need to use this directly.
/// See the [CallTrait](trait.CallTrait.html) to use with the first Call parameter
pub trait VarlinkReply {}

/// The structure of a varlink reply. Used to deserialize it into json.
///
/// There should be no need to use this directly.
/// See the [CallTrait](trait.CallTrait.html) to use with the first Call parameter
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct Reply {
    pub continues: Option<bool>,
    pub upgraded: Option<bool>,
    pub error: Option<Cow<'static, str>>,
    pub parameters: Option<Value>,
}

impl Reply {
    pub fn parameters(parameters: Option<Value>) -> Self {
        Reply {
            continues: None,
            upgraded: None,
            error: None,
            parameters: parameters,
        }
    }

    pub fn error(name: Cow<'static, str>, parameters: Option<Value>) -> Self {
        Reply {
            continues: None,
            upgraded: None,
            error: Some(name),
            parameters,
        }
    }
}

impl<T> From<T> for Reply
where
    T: VarlinkReply + Serialize,
{
    fn from(a: T) -> Self {
        Reply::parameters(Some(serde_json::to_value(a).unwrap()))
    }
}

/// Call is a struct, which is passed as the first argument to the interface methods in a derived form.
///
/// See also the [CallTrait](trait.CallTrait.html) to use with the first Call parameter
///
/// #Examples
///
/// If your varlink method is called `TestMethod`, the rust method to be implemented is called
/// `test_method`. The first parameter is of type `_CallTestMethod`, which has the method `reply()`.
///
/// ```rust,no_run
///# use std::io;
///# use varlink;
///# use varlink::CallTrait;
///# pub trait _CallErr: varlink::CallTrait {}
///# impl<'a> _CallErr for varlink::Call<'a> {}
///# pub trait _CallTestMethod: _CallErr {
///#     fn reply(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
///#         self.reply_struct(varlink::Reply::parameters(None))
///#     }
///# }
///# impl<'a> _CallTestMethod for varlink::Call<'a> {}
///# struct TestService;
///# impl TestService {
///fn test_method(&self, call: &mut _CallTestMethod, /* more arguments */) -> io::Result<()> {
///    /* ... */
///    return call.reply( /* more arguments */ );
///}
///# }
/// ```
pub struct Call<'a> {
    writer: &'a mut Write,
    pub request: Option<&'a Request>,
    continues: bool,
    upgraded: bool,
}

/// CallTrait provides convenience methods for the `Call` struct, which is passed as
/// the first argument to the interface methods.
///
///#  Examples
///
/// For an invalid parameter:
///
/// ```rust,no_run
///# use std::io;
///# use varlink;
///# use varlink::CallTrait;
///# pub trait _CallErr: varlink::CallTrait {}
///# impl<'a> _CallErr for varlink::Call<'a> {}
///# pub trait _CallTestMethod: _CallErr {
///#     fn reply(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
///#         self.reply_struct(varlink::Reply::parameters(None))
///#     }
///# }
///# impl<'a> _CallTestMethod for varlink::Call<'a> {}
///# struct TestService;
///# impl TestService {
///fn test_method(&self, call: &mut _CallTestMethod, testparam: Option<i64>) -> io::Result<()> {
///    match testparam {
///        Some(i) => if i > 100 {
///            return call.reply_invalid_parameter(Some("testparam".into()));
///        },
///        None => {
///            return call.reply_invalid_parameter(Some("testparam".into()));
///        }
///    }
///    /* ... */
///    Ok(())
///}
///# }
/// ```
///
/// For not yet implemented methods:
///
/// ```rust,no_run
///# use std::io;
///# use varlink;
///# use varlink::CallTrait;
///# pub trait _CallErr: varlink::CallTrait {}
///# impl<'a> _CallErr for varlink::Call<'a> {}
///# pub trait _CallTestMethodNotImplemented: _CallErr {
///#     fn reply(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
///#         self.reply_struct(varlink::Reply::parameters(None))
///#     }
///# }
///# impl<'a> _CallTestMethodNotImplemented for varlink::Call<'a> {}
///# struct TestService;
///# impl TestService {
///fn test_method_not_implemented(&self, call: &mut _CallTestMethodNotImplemented) -> io::Result<()> {
///    return call.reply_method_not_implemented(Some("TestMethodNotImplemented".into()));
///}
///# }
/// ```
pub trait CallTrait {
    /// Don't use this directly. Rather use the standard `reply()` method.
    fn reply_struct(&mut self, Reply) -> io::Result<()>;

    /// Set this to `true` to indicate, that more replies are following.
    ///
    ///```rust,no_run
    ///# use std::io;
    ///# use varlink::CallTrait;
    ///# pub trait _CallErr: varlink::CallTrait {}
    ///# impl<'a> _CallErr for varlink::Call<'a> {}
    ///# pub trait _CallTestMethod: _CallErr {
    ///#     fn reply(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
    ///#         self.reply_struct(varlink::Reply::parameters(None))
    ///#     }
    ///# }
    ///# impl<'a> _CallTestMethod for varlink::Call<'a> {}
    ///# struct TestService;
    ///# impl TestService {
    ///fn test_method(&self, call: &mut _CallTestMethod) -> io::Result<()> {
    ///    call.set_continues(true);
    ///    call.reply( /* more args*/ )?;
    ///    call.reply( /* more args*/ )?;
    ///    call.reply( /* more args*/ )?;
    ///    call.set_continues(false);
    ///    return call.reply( /* more args*/ );
    ///}
    ///# }
    ///```
    fn set_continues(&mut self, cont: bool);

    /// reply with the standard varlink `org.varlink.service.MethodNotFound` error
    fn reply_method_not_found(&mut self, method_name: Option<String>) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.reply_struct(Reply::error(
            "org.varlink.service.MethodNotFound".into(),
            match method_name {
                Some(a) => {
                    let s = format!("{{  \"method\" : \"{}\" }}", a);
                    Some(serde_json::from_str(s.as_ref()).unwrap())
                }
                None => None,
            },
        ))
    }

    /// reply with the standard varlink `org.varlink.service.MethodNotImplemented` error
    fn reply_method_not_implemented(&mut self, method_name: Option<String>) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.reply_struct(Reply::error(
            "org.varlink.service.MethodNotImplemented".into(),
            match method_name {
                Some(a) => {
                    let s = format!("{{  \"method\" : \"{}\" }}", a);
                    Some(serde_json::from_str(s.as_ref()).unwrap())
                }
                None => None,
            },
        ))
    }

    /// reply with the standard varlink `org.varlink.service.InvalidParameter` error
    fn reply_invalid_parameter(&mut self, parameter_name: Option<String>) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.reply_struct(Reply::error(
            "org.varlink.service.InvalidParameter".into(),
            match parameter_name {
                Some(a) => {
                    let s = format!("{{  \"parameter\" : \"{}\" }}", a);
                    Some(serde_json::from_str(s.as_ref()).unwrap())
                }
                None => None,
            },
        ))
    }
}

impl<'a> CallTrait for Call<'a> {
    fn reply_struct(&mut self, mut reply: Reply) -> io::Result<()> {
        if self.continues && !self.wants_more() {
            return Err(Error::new(
                ErrorKind::Other,
                "Call::reply() called with continues, but without more in the request",
            ));
        }
        if self.continues {
            reply.continues = Some(true);
        }
        serde_json::to_writer(&mut *self.writer, &reply)?;
        self.writer.write_all(b"\0")?;
        self.writer.flush()?;
        Ok(())
    }
    fn set_continues(&mut self, cont: bool) {
        self.continues = cont;
    }
}

impl<'a> Call<'a> {
    fn new(writer: &'a mut Write, request: &'a Request) -> Self {
        Call {
            writer,
            request: Some(request),
            continues: false,
            upgraded: false,
        }
    }
    fn new_upgraded(writer: &'a mut Write) -> Self {
        Call {
            writer,
            request: None,
            continues: false,
            upgraded: false,
        }
    }

    /// True, if this request does not want a reply.
    pub fn is_oneshot(&self) -> bool {
        match self.request {
            Some(req) => {
                if let Some(val) = req.oneshot {
                    val
                } else {
                    false
                }
            }
            None => false,
        }
    }

    /// True, if this request accepts more than one reply.
    pub fn wants_more(&self) -> bool {
        match self.request {
            Some(req) => if let Some(val) = req.more {
                val
            } else {
                false
            },
            None => false,
        }
    }

    fn reply_interface_not_found(&mut self, arg: Option<String>) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.reply_struct(Reply::error(
            "org.varlink.service.InterfaceNotFound".into(),
            match arg {
                Some(a) => {
                    let s = format!("{{  \"interface\" : \"{}\" }}", a);
                    Some(serde_json::from_str(s.as_ref()).unwrap())
                }
                None => None,
            },
        ))
    }

    fn reply_parameters(&mut self, parameters: Value) -> io::Result<()> {
        let reply = Reply::parameters(Some(parameters));
        serde_json::to_writer(&mut *self.writer, &reply)?;
        self.writer.write_all(b"\0")?;
        self.writer.flush()?;
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Deserialize)]
struct GetInterfaceArgs {
    interface: Cow<'static, str>,
}

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct ServiceInfo {
    vendor: Cow<'static, str>,
    product: Cow<'static, str>,
    version: Cow<'static, str>,
    url: Cow<'static, str>,
    interfaces: Vec<Cow<'static, str>>,
}

/// VarlinkService handles all the I/O and dispatches method calls to the registered interfaces.
pub struct VarlinkService {
    info: ServiceInfo,
    ifaces: HashMap<Cow<'static, str>, Box<Interface + Send + Sync>>,
}

impl Interface for VarlinkService {
    fn get_description(&self) -> &'static str {
        r#"
# The Varlink Service Interface is provided by every varlink service. It
# describes the service and the interfaces it implements.
interface org.varlink.service

# Get a list of all the interfaces a service provides and information
# about the implementation.
method GetInfo() -> (
  vendor: string,
  product: string,
  version: string,
  url: string,
  interfaces: string[]
)

# Get the description of an interface that is implemented by this service.
method GetInterfaceDescription(interface: string) -> (description: string)

# The requested interface was not found.
error InterfaceNotFound (interface: string)

# The requested method was not found
error MethodNotFound (method: string)

# The interface defines the requested method, but the service does not
# implement it.
error MethodNotImplemented (method: string)

# One of the passed parameters is invalid.
error InvalidParameter (parameter: string)
	"#
    }

    fn get_name(&self) -> &'static str {
        "org.varlink.service"
    }

    fn call(&self, call: &mut Call) -> io::Result<()> {
        let req = call.request.unwrap();
        match req.method.as_ref() {
            "org.varlink.service.GetInfo" => {
                return call.reply_parameters(serde_json::to_value(&self.info)?);
            }
            "org.varlink.service.GetInterfaceDescription" => {
                if req.parameters == None {
                    return call.reply_invalid_parameter(None);
                }
                if let Some(val) = req.parameters.clone() {
                    let args: GetInterfaceArgs = serde_json::from_value(val)?;
                    match args.interface.as_ref() {
                        "org.varlink.service" => {
                            return call.reply_parameters(
                                json!({"description": self.get_description()}),
                            );
                        }
                        key => {
                            if self.ifaces.contains_key(key) {
                                return call.reply_parameters(
                                    json!({"description": self.ifaces[key].get_description()}),
                                );
                            } else {
                                return call.reply_invalid_parameter(Some("interface".into()));
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    return call.reply_invalid_parameter(Some("interface".into()));
                }
            }
            _ => {
                let method: String = req.method.clone().into();
                let n: usize = match method.rfind('.') {
                    None => 0,
                    Some(x) => x + 1,
                };
                let m = String::from(&method[n..]);
                return call.reply_method_not_found(Some(m.into()));
            }
        }
    }
    fn call_upgraded(&self, call: &mut Call) -> io::Result<()> {
        call.upgraded = false;
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl VarlinkService {
    /// Create a new `VarlinkService`.
    ///
    /// See the [Service](https://github.com/varlink/documentation/wiki/Service) section of the
    /// varlink wiki about the `vendor`, `product`, `version` and `url`.
    ///
    /// The `interfaces` vector is an array of varlink `Interfaces` this service provides.
    ///
    ///```rust,no_run
    ///# use varlink;
    ///# use std::io;
    ///# struct interface;
    ///# impl varlink::Interface for interface {
    ///# fn get_description(&self) -> &'static str { "interface org.example.ping\nmethod Ping(ping: string) -> (pong: string)" }
    ///# fn get_name(&self) -> &'static str { "org.example.ping" }
    ///# fn call_upgraded(&self, call: &mut varlink::Call) -> io::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
    ///# fn call(&self, call: &mut varlink::Call) -> io::Result<()> { Ok(()) }
    ///# }
    ///# let interface_foo = interface;
    ///# let interface_bar = interface;
    ///# let interface_baz = interface;
    ///let service = varlink::VarlinkService::new(
    ///    "org.varlink",
    ///    "test service",
    ///    "0.1",
    ///    "http://varlink.org",
    ///    vec![
    ///        Box::new(interface_foo),
    ///        Box::new(interface_bar),
    ///        Box::new(interface_baz),
    ///    ],
    ///);
    ///```
    pub fn new(
        vendor: &str,
        product: &str,
        version: &str,
        url: &str,
        interfaces: Vec<Box<Interface + Send + Sync>>,
    ) -> Self {
        let mut ifhashmap = HashMap::<Cow<'static, str>, Box<Interface + Send + Sync>>::new();
        for i in interfaces {
            ifhashmap.insert(i.get_name().into(), i);
        }
        let mut ifnames: Vec<Cow<'static, str>> = Vec::new();
        ifnames.push("org.varlink.service".into());
        ifnames.extend(
            ifhashmap
                .keys()
                .map(|i| Cow::<'static, str>::from(i.clone())),
        );
        VarlinkService {
            info: ServiceInfo {
                vendor: String::from(vendor).into(),
                product: String::from(product).into(),
                version: String::from(version).into(),
                url: String::from(url).into(),
                interfaces: ifnames,
            },
            ifaces: ifhashmap,
        }
    }

    fn call(&self, iface: String, call: &mut Call) -> io::Result<()> {
        match iface.as_ref() {
            "org.varlink.service" => return self::Interface::call(self, call),
            key => {
                if self.ifaces.contains_key(key) {
                    return self.ifaces[key].call(call);
                } else {
                    return call.reply_interface_not_found(Some(iface.clone().into()));
                }
            }
        }
    }

    fn call_upgraded(&self, iface: String, call: &mut Call) -> io::Result<()> {
        match iface.as_ref() {
            "org.varlink.service" => return self::Interface::call_upgraded(self, call),
            key => {
                if self.ifaces.contains_key(key) {
                    return self.ifaces[key].call_upgraded(call);
                } else {
                    return call.reply_interface_not_found(Some(iface.clone().into()));
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// Handles incoming varlink messages from `reader` and sends the reply on `writer`.
    ///
    /// This method can be used to implement your own server.
    pub fn handle(&self, reader: &mut Read, writer: &mut Write) -> io::Result<()> {
        let mut bufreader = BufReader::new(reader);
        let mut upgraded = false;
        let mut last_iface = String::from("");
        loop {
            if !upgraded {
                let mut buf = Vec::new();
                let read_bytes = bufreader.read_until(b'\0', &mut buf)?;
                if read_bytes > 0 {
                    buf.pop();
                    let req: Request = serde_json::from_slice(&buf)?;
                    let mut call = Call::new(writer, &req);

                    let n: usize = match req.method.rfind('.') {
                        None => {
                            let method = req.method.clone();
                            return call.reply_interface_not_found(Some(method.into()));
                        }
                        Some(x) => x,
                    };

                    let iface = String::from(&req.method[..n]);

                    self.call(iface.clone(), &mut call)?;
                    upgraded = call.upgraded;
                    if upgraded {
                        last_iface = iface;
                    }
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            } else {
                let mut call = Call::new_upgraded(writer);
                self.call_upgraded(last_iface.clone(), &mut call)?;
                upgraded = call.upgraded;
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

/// `listen` creates a server, with `num_worker` threads listening on `varlink_uri`.
///
/// If an `accept_timeout` != 0 is specified, this function returns after the specified
/// amount of seconds, if no new connection is made in that time frame. It still waits for
/// all pending connections to finish.
///
/// ```
///    let service = varlink::VarlinkService::new(
///        "org.varlink",
///        "test service",
///        "0.1",
///        "http://varlink.org",
///        vec![/* Your varlink interfaces go here */],
///    );
///
///    if let Err(e) = varlink::listen(service, "unix:/tmp/test_listen_timeout", 10, 1) {
///        panic!("Error listen: {}", e);
///    }
/// ```
/// You don't have to use this simple server. With the `VarlinkService::handle()` method you
/// can implement your own server model using whatever framework you prefer.
pub fn listen(
    service: VarlinkService,
    varlink_uri: &str,
    num_worker: usize,
    accept_timeout: u64,
) -> io::Result<()> {
    match server::do_listen(service, varlink_uri, num_worker, accept_timeout) {
        Err(e) => match e {
            server::ServerError::IoError(e) => Err(e),
            server::ServerError::AcceptTimeout => Ok(()),
        },
        Ok(_) => Ok(()),
    }
}

#[test]
fn test_listen() {
    let service = VarlinkService::new(
        "org.varlink",
        "test service",
        "0.1",
        "http://varlink.org",
        vec![/* Your varlink interfaces go here */],
    );

    if let Err(e) = listen(service, "unix:/tmp/test_listen_timeout", 10, 1) {
        panic!("Error listen: {}", e);
    }
}