use crate::{Error, LabeledPolynomial, PCRandomness, Polynomial, ToString, Vec};
use rand_core::RngCore;
#[cfg(feature = "parallel")]
use rayon::prelude::*;
use snarkvm_algorithms::{
cfg_iter,
msm::{FixedBaseMSM, VariableBaseMSM},
};
use snarkvm_models::curves::{AffineCurve, Group, One, PairingCurve, PairingEngine, PrimeField, ProjectiveCurve, Zero};
use snarkvm_utilities::rand::UniformRand;
use core::marker::PhantomData;
mod data_structures;
pub use data_structures::*;
use std::collections::BTreeMap;
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct KZG10<E: PairingEngine> {
_engine: PhantomData<E>,
}
impl<E: PairingEngine> KZG10<E> {
pub fn setup<R: RngCore>(
max_degree: usize,
produce_g2_powers: bool,
rng: &mut R,
) -> Result<UniversalParams<E>, Error> {
if max_degree < 1 {
return Err(Error::DegreeIsZero);
}
let setup_time = start_timer!(|| format!("KZG10::Setup with degree {}", max_degree));
let beta = E::Fr::rand(rng);
let g = E::G1Projective::rand(rng);
let gamma_g = E::G1Projective::rand(rng);
let h = E::G2Projective::rand(rng);
let mut powers_of_beta = vec![E::Fr::one()];
let mut cur = beta;
for _ in 0..max_degree {
powers_of_beta.push(cur);
cur *= β
}
let window_size = FixedBaseMSM::get_mul_window_size(max_degree + 1);
let scalar_bits = E::Fr::size_in_bits();
let g_time = start_timer!(|| "Generating powers of G");
let g_table = FixedBaseMSM::get_window_table(scalar_bits, window_size, g);
let powers_of_g =
FixedBaseMSM::multi_scalar_mul::<E::G1Projective>(scalar_bits, window_size, &g_table, &powers_of_beta);
end_timer!(g_time);
let gamma_g_time = start_timer!(|| "Generating powers of gamma * G");
let gamma_g_table = FixedBaseMSM::get_window_table(scalar_bits, window_size, gamma_g);
let mut powers_of_gamma_g = FixedBaseMSM::multi_scalar_mul::<E::G1Projective>(
scalar_bits,
window_size,
&gamma_g_table,
&powers_of_beta,
);
powers_of_gamma_g.push(powers_of_gamma_g.last().unwrap().mul(&beta));
end_timer!(gamma_g_time);
let powers_of_g = E::G1Projective::batch_normalization_into_affine(powers_of_g);
let powers_of_gamma_g = E::G1Projective::batch_normalization_into_affine(powers_of_gamma_g)
.into_iter()
.enumerate()
.collect();
let prepared_neg_powers_of_h_time = start_timer!(|| "Generating negative powers of h in G2");
let prepared_neg_powers_of_h = if produce_g2_powers {
let mut neg_powers_of_beta = vec![E::Fr::one()];
let mut cur = E::Fr::one() / β
for _ in 0..max_degree {
neg_powers_of_beta.push(cur);
cur /= β
}
let neg_h_table = FixedBaseMSM::get_window_table(scalar_bits, window_size, h);
let neg_powers_of_h = FixedBaseMSM::multi_scalar_mul::<E::G2Projective>(
scalar_bits,
window_size,
&neg_h_table,
&neg_powers_of_beta,
);
let affines = E::G2Projective::batch_normalization_into_affine(neg_powers_of_h);
let mut affines_map = BTreeMap::new();
affines
.into_iter()
.enumerate()
.map(|(i, a)| (i, a.prepare()))
.for_each(|(i, a)| {
affines_map.insert(i, a);
});
affines_map
} else {
BTreeMap::new()
};
end_timer!(prepared_neg_powers_of_h_time);
let beta_h = h.mul(&beta).into_affine();
let h = h.into_affine();
let prepared_h = h.prepare();
let prepared_beta_h = beta_h.prepare();
let pp = UniversalParams {
powers_of_g,
powers_of_gamma_g,
h,
beta_h,
prepared_neg_powers_of_h,
prepared_h,
prepared_beta_h,
};
end_timer!(setup_time);
Ok(pp)
}
pub fn commit(
powers: &Powers<E>,
polynomial: &Polynomial<E::Fr>,
hiding_bound: Option<usize>,
rng: Option<&mut dyn RngCore>,
) -> Result<(Commitment<E>, Randomness<E>), Error> {
Self::check_degree_is_within_bounds(polynomial.degree(), powers.size())?;
let commit_time = start_timer!(|| format!(
"Committing to polynomial of degree {} with hiding_bound: {:?}",
polynomial.degree(),
hiding_bound,
));
let (num_leading_zeros, plain_coeffs) = skip_leading_zeros_and_convert_to_bigints(&polynomial);
let msm_time = start_timer!(|| "MSM to compute commitment to plaintext poly");
let mut commitment = VariableBaseMSM::multi_scalar_mul(&powers.powers_of_g[num_leading_zeros..], &plain_coeffs);
end_timer!(msm_time);
let mut randomness = Randomness::empty();
if let Some(hiding_degree) = hiding_bound {
let mut rng = rng.ok_or(Error::MissingRng)?;
let sample_random_poly_time =
start_timer!(|| format!("Sampling a random polynomial of degree {}", hiding_degree));
randomness = Randomness::rand(hiding_degree, false, &mut rng);
Self::check_hiding_bound(randomness.blinding_polynomial.degree(), powers.powers_of_gamma_g.len())?;
end_timer!(sample_random_poly_time);
}
let random_ints = convert_to_bigints(&randomness.blinding_polynomial.coeffs);
let msm_time = start_timer!(|| "MSM to compute commitment to random poly");
let random_commitment =
VariableBaseMSM::multi_scalar_mul(&powers.powers_of_gamma_g, random_ints.as_slice()).into_affine();
end_timer!(msm_time);
commitment.add_assign_mixed(&random_commitment);
end_timer!(commit_time);
Ok((Commitment(commitment.into()), randomness))
}
#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
pub fn compute_witness_polynomial(
p: &Polynomial<E::Fr>,
point: E::Fr,
randomness: &Randomness<E>,
) -> Result<(Polynomial<E::Fr>, Option<Polynomial<E::Fr>>), Error> {
let divisor = Polynomial::from_coefficients_vec(vec![-point, E::Fr::one()]);
let witness_time = start_timer!(|| "Computing witness polynomial");
let witness_polynomial = p / &divisor;
end_timer!(witness_time);
let random_witness_polynomial = if randomness.is_hiding() {
let random_p = &randomness.blinding_polynomial;
let witness_time = start_timer!(|| "Computing random witness polynomial");
let random_witness_polynomial = random_p / &divisor;
end_timer!(witness_time);
Some(random_witness_polynomial)
} else {
None
};
Ok((witness_polynomial, random_witness_polynomial))
}
pub(crate) fn open_with_witness_polynomial(
powers: &Powers<E>,
point: E::Fr,
randomness: &Randomness<E>,
witness_polynomial: &Polynomial<E::Fr>,
hiding_witness_polynomial: Option<&Polynomial<E::Fr>>,
) -> Result<Proof<E>, Error> {
Self::check_degree_is_too_large(witness_polynomial.degree(), powers.size())?;
let (num_leading_zeros, witness_coeffs) = skip_leading_zeros_and_convert_to_bigints(&witness_polynomial);
let witness_comm_time = start_timer!(|| "Computing commitment to witness polynomial");
let mut w = VariableBaseMSM::multi_scalar_mul(&powers.powers_of_g[num_leading_zeros..], &witness_coeffs);
end_timer!(witness_comm_time);
let random_v = if let Some(hiding_witness_polynomial) = hiding_witness_polynomial {
let blinding_p = &randomness.blinding_polynomial;
let blinding_eval_time = start_timer!(|| "Evaluating random polynomial");
let blinding_evaluation = blinding_p.evaluate(point);
end_timer!(blinding_eval_time);
let random_witness_coeffs = convert_to_bigints(&hiding_witness_polynomial.coeffs);
let witness_comm_time = start_timer!(|| "Computing commitment to random witness polynomial");
w += &VariableBaseMSM::multi_scalar_mul(&powers.powers_of_gamma_g, &random_witness_coeffs);
end_timer!(witness_comm_time);
Some(blinding_evaluation)
} else {
None
};
Ok(Proof {
w: w.into_affine(),
random_v,
})
}
pub(crate) fn open(
powers: &Powers<E>,
p: &Polynomial<E::Fr>,
point: E::Fr,
rand: &Randomness<E>,
) -> Result<Proof<E>, Error> {
Self::check_degree_is_within_bounds(p.degree(), powers.size())?;
let open_time = start_timer!(|| format!("Opening polynomial of degree {}", p.degree()));
let witness_time = start_timer!(|| "Computing witness polynomials");
let (witness_poly, hiding_witness_poly) = Self::compute_witness_polynomial(p, point, rand)?;
end_timer!(witness_time);
let proof =
Self::open_with_witness_polynomial(powers, point, rand, &witness_poly, hiding_witness_poly.as_ref());
end_timer!(open_time);
proof
}
pub fn check(
vk: &VerifierKey<E>,
comm: &Commitment<E>,
point: E::Fr,
value: E::Fr,
proof: &Proof<E>,
) -> Result<bool, Error> {
let check_time = start_timer!(|| "Checking evaluation");
let mut inner = comm.0.into_projective() - &vk.g.into_projective().mul(&value);
if let Some(random_v) = proof.random_v {
inner -= &vk.gamma_g.mul(random_v);
}
let lhs = E::pairing(inner, vk.h);
let inner = vk.beta_h.into_projective() - &vk.h.mul(point);
let rhs = E::pairing(proof.w, inner);
end_timer!(check_time, || format!("Result: {}", lhs == rhs));
Ok(lhs == rhs)
}
pub fn batch_check<R: RngCore>(
vk: &VerifierKey<E>,
commitments: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = Commitment<E>>,
points: &[E::Fr],
values: &[E::Fr],
proofs: &[Proof<E>],
rng: &mut R,
) -> Result<bool, Error> {
let check_time = start_timer!(|| format!("Checking {} evaluation proofs", commitments.len()));
let g = vk.g.into_projective();
let gamma_g = vk.gamma_g.into_projective();
let mut total_c = <E::G1Projective>::zero();
let mut total_w = <E::G1Projective>::zero();
let combination_time = start_timer!(|| "Combining commitments and proofs");
let mut randomizer = E::Fr::one();
let mut g_multiplier = E::Fr::zero();
let mut gamma_g_multiplier = E::Fr::zero();
for (((c, z), v), proof) in commitments.zip(points).zip(values).zip(proofs) {
let w = proof.w;
let mut temp = w.mul(*z);
temp.add_assign_mixed(&c.0);
let c = temp;
g_multiplier += &(randomizer * v);
if let Some(random_v) = proof.random_v {
gamma_g_multiplier += &(randomizer * &random_v);
}
total_c += &c.mul(&randomizer);
total_w += &w.mul(randomizer.into_repr());
randomizer = u128::rand(rng).into();
}
total_c -= &g.mul(&g_multiplier);
total_c -= &gamma_g.mul(&gamma_g_multiplier);
end_timer!(combination_time);
let to_affine_time = start_timer!(|| "Converting results to affine for pairing");
let affine_points = E::G1Projective::batch_normalization_into_affine(vec![-total_w, total_c]);
let (total_w, total_c) = (affine_points[0], affine_points[1]);
end_timer!(to_affine_time);
let pairing_time = start_timer!(|| "Performing product of pairings");
let result = E::product_of_pairings(
[
(&total_w.prepare(), &vk.prepared_beta_h),
(&total_c.prepare(), &vk.prepared_h),
]
.iter()
.copied(),
)
.is_one();
end_timer!(pairing_time);
end_timer!(check_time, || format!("Result: {}", result));
Ok(result)
}
pub(crate) fn check_degree_is_within_bounds(num_coefficients: usize, num_powers: usize) -> Result<(), Error> {
if num_coefficients < 1 {
Err(Error::DegreeIsZero)
} else {
Self::check_degree_is_too_large(num_coefficients, num_powers)
}
}
pub(crate) fn check_degree_is_too_large(num_coefficients: usize, num_powers: usize) -> Result<(), Error> {
if num_coefficients > num_powers {
Err(Error::TooManyCoefficients {
num_coefficients,
num_powers,
})
} else {
Ok(())
}
}
pub(crate) fn check_hiding_bound(hiding_poly_degree: usize, num_powers: usize) -> Result<(), Error> {
if hiding_poly_degree == 0 {
Err(Error::HidingBoundIsZero)
} else if hiding_poly_degree >= num_powers {
Err(Error::HidingBoundToolarge {
hiding_poly_degree,
num_powers,
})
} else {
Ok(())
}
}
pub(crate) fn check_degrees_and_bounds<'a>(
supported_degree: usize,
max_degree: usize,
enforced_degree_bounds: Option<&[usize]>,
p: &'a LabeledPolynomial<'a, E::Fr>,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
if let Some(bound) = p.degree_bound() {
let enforced_degree_bounds = enforced_degree_bounds.ok_or(Error::UnsupportedDegreeBound(bound))?;
if enforced_degree_bounds.binary_search(&bound).is_err() {
Err(Error::UnsupportedDegreeBound(bound))
} else if bound < p.degree() || bound > max_degree {
Err(Error::IncorrectDegreeBound {
poly_degree: p.degree(),
degree_bound: p.degree_bound().unwrap(),
supported_degree,
label: p.label().to_string(),
})
} else {
Ok(())
}
} else {
Ok(())
}
}
}
fn skip_leading_zeros_and_convert_to_bigints<F: PrimeField>(p: &Polynomial<F>) -> (usize, Vec<F::BigInteger>) {
let mut num_leading_zeros = 0;
while p.coeffs[num_leading_zeros].is_zero() && num_leading_zeros < p.coeffs.len() {
num_leading_zeros += 1;
}
let coeffs = convert_to_bigints(&p.coeffs[num_leading_zeros..]);
(num_leading_zeros, coeffs)
}
fn convert_to_bigints<F: PrimeField>(p: &[F]) -> Vec<F::BigInteger> {
let to_bigint_time = start_timer!(|| "Converting polynomial coeffs to bigints");
let coeffs = cfg_iter!(p).map(|s| s.into_repr()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
end_timer!(to_bigint_time);
coeffs
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
#![allow(non_camel_case_types)]
use crate::{kzg10::*, *};
use snarkvm_curves::bls12_377::{Bls12_377, Fr};
use snarkvm_utilities::rand::test_rng;
type KZG_Bls12_377 = KZG10<Bls12_377>;
impl<E: PairingEngine> KZG10<E> {
pub(crate) fn trim(
pp: &UniversalParams<E>,
mut supported_degree: usize,
) -> Result<(Powers<E>, VerifierKey<E>), Error> {
if supported_degree == 1 {
supported_degree += 1;
}
let powers_of_g = pp.powers_of_g[..=supported_degree].to_vec();
let powers_of_gamma_g = (0..=supported_degree).map(|i| pp.powers_of_gamma_g[&i]).collect();
let powers = Powers {
powers_of_g: Cow::Owned(powers_of_g),
powers_of_gamma_g: Cow::Owned(powers_of_gamma_g),
};
let vk = VerifierKey {
g: pp.powers_of_g[0],
gamma_g: pp.powers_of_gamma_g[&0],
h: pp.h,
beta_h: pp.beta_h,
prepared_h: pp.prepared_h.clone(),
prepared_beta_h: pp.prepared_beta_h.clone(),
};
Ok((powers, vk))
}
}
#[test]
fn add_commitments_test() {
let rng = &mut test_rng();
let p = Polynomial::from_coefficients_slice(&[
Fr::rand(rng),
Fr::rand(rng),
Fr::rand(rng),
Fr::rand(rng),
Fr::rand(rng),
]);
let f = Fr::rand(rng);
let mut f_p = Polynomial::zero();
f_p += (f, &p);
let degree = 4;
let pp = KZG_Bls12_377::setup(degree, false, rng).unwrap();
let (powers, _) = KZG_Bls12_377::trim(&pp, degree).unwrap();
let hiding_bound = None;
let (comm, _) = KZG10::commit(&powers, &p, hiding_bound, Some(rng)).unwrap();
let (f_comm, _) = KZG10::commit(&powers, &f_p, hiding_bound, Some(rng)).unwrap();
let mut f_comm_2 = Commitment::empty();
f_comm_2 += (f, &comm);
assert_eq!(f_comm, f_comm_2);
}
fn end_to_end_test_template<E: PairingEngine>() -> Result<(), Error> {
let rng = &mut test_rng();
for _ in 0..100 {
let mut degree = 0;
while degree <= 1 {
degree = usize::rand(rng) % 20;
}
let pp = KZG10::<E>::setup(degree, false, rng)?;
let (ck, vk) = KZG10::trim(&pp, degree)?;
let p = Polynomial::rand(degree, rng);
let hiding_bound = Some(1);
let (comm, rand) = KZG10::<E>::commit(&ck, &p, hiding_bound, Some(rng))?;
let point = E::Fr::rand(rng);
let value = p.evaluate(point);
let proof = KZG10::<E>::open(&ck, &p, point, &rand)?;
assert!(
KZG10::<E>::check(&vk, &comm, point, value, &proof)?,
"proof was incorrect for max_degree = {}, polynomial_degree = {}, hiding_bound = {:?}",
degree,
p.degree(),
hiding_bound,
);
}
Ok(())
}
fn linear_polynomial_test_template<E: PairingEngine>() -> Result<(), Error> {
let rng = &mut test_rng();
for _ in 0..100 {
let degree = 50;
let pp = KZG10::<E>::setup(degree, false, rng)?;
let (ck, vk) = KZG10::trim(&pp, 2)?;
let p = Polynomial::rand(1, rng);
let hiding_bound = Some(1);
let (comm, rand) = KZG10::<E>::commit(&ck, &p, hiding_bound, Some(rng))?;
let point = E::Fr::rand(rng);
let value = p.evaluate(point);
let proof = KZG10::<E>::open(&ck, &p, point, &rand)?;
assert!(
KZG10::<E>::check(&vk, &comm, point, value, &proof)?,
"proof was incorrect for max_degree = {}, polynomial_degree = {}, hiding_bound = {:?}",
degree,
p.degree(),
hiding_bound,
);
}
Ok(())
}
fn batch_check_test_template<E: PairingEngine>() -> Result<(), Error> {
let rng = &mut test_rng();
for _ in 0..10 {
let mut degree = 0;
while degree <= 1 {
degree = usize::rand(rng) % 20;
}
let pp = KZG10::<E>::setup(degree, false, rng)?;
let (ck, vk) = KZG10::trim(&pp, degree)?;
let mut comms = Vec::new();
let mut values = Vec::new();
let mut points = Vec::new();
let mut proofs = Vec::new();
for _ in 0..10 {
let p = Polynomial::rand(degree, rng);
let hiding_bound = Some(1);
let (comm, rand) = KZG10::<E>::commit(&ck, &p, hiding_bound, Some(rng))?;
let point = E::Fr::rand(rng);
let value = p.evaluate(point);
let proof = KZG10::<E>::open(&ck, &p, point, &rand)?;
assert!(KZG10::<E>::check(&vk, &comm, point, value, &proof)?);
comms.push(comm);
values.push(value);
points.push(point);
proofs.push(proof);
}
assert!(KZG10::<E>::batch_check(
&vk,
comms.into_iter(),
&points,
&values,
&proofs,
rng
)?);
}
Ok(())
}
#[test]
fn end_to_end_test() {
end_to_end_test_template::<Bls12_377>().expect("test failed for bls12-377");
}
#[test]
fn linear_polynomial_test() {
linear_polynomial_test_template::<Bls12_377>().expect("test failed for bls12-377");
}
#[test]
fn batch_check_test() {
batch_check_test_template::<Bls12_377>().expect("test failed for bls12-377");
}
}