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use uwl::Stream; use std::borrow::Cow; use std::cell::Cell; use std::error::Error as StdError; use std::marker::PhantomData; use std::{fmt, str::FromStr}; /// Defines how an operation on an `Args` method failed. #[derive(Debug)] pub enum Error<E> { /// "END-OF-STRING". We reached the end. There's nothing to parse anymore. Eos, /// Parsing operation failed. Contains how it did. Parse(E), #[doc(hidden)] __Nonexhaustive, } impl<E> From<E> for Error<E> { fn from(e: E) -> Self { Error::Parse(e) } } impl<E: fmt::Display> fmt::Display for Error<E> { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { use self::Error::*; match *self { Eos => write!(f, "ArgError(\"end of string\")"), Parse(ref e) => write!(f, "ArgError(\"{}\")", e), __Nonexhaustive => unreachable!(), } } } impl<E: fmt::Debug + fmt::Display> StdError for Error<E> { fn description(&self) -> &str { match self { Error::Eos => "end-of-string", Error::Parse(_) => "parse-failure", Error::__Nonexhaustive => unreachable!(), } } } type Result<T, E> = ::std::result::Result<T, Error<E>>; /// Dictates how `Args` should split arguments, if by one character, or a string. #[derive(Debug, Clone)] pub enum Delimiter { Single(char), Multiple(String), } impl Delimiter { #[inline] fn to_str(&self) -> Cow<'_, str> { match self { Delimiter::Single(c) => Cow::Owned(c.to_string()), Delimiter::Multiple(s) => Cow::Borrowed(s), } } } impl From<char> for Delimiter { #[inline] fn from(c: char) -> Delimiter { Delimiter::Single(c) } } impl From<String> for Delimiter { #[inline] fn from(s: String) -> Delimiter { Delimiter::Multiple(s) } } impl<'a> From<&'a String> for Delimiter { #[inline] fn from(s: &'a String) -> Delimiter { Delimiter::Multiple(s.clone()) } } impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Delimiter { #[inline] fn from(s: &'a str) -> Delimiter { Delimiter::Multiple(s.to_string()) } } #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)] enum TokenKind { Argument, QuotedArgument, } #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)] struct Token { kind: TokenKind, span: (usize, usize), } impl Token { #[inline] fn new(kind: TokenKind, start: usize, end: usize) -> Self { Token { kind, span: (start, end) } } } fn lex(stream: &mut Stream<'_>, delims: &[Cow<'_, str>]) -> Option<Token> { if stream.is_empty() { return None; } let start = stream.offset(); if stream.current()? == b'"' { stream.next(); stream.take_until(|b| b == b'"'); let is_quote = stream.current().map_or(false, |b| b == b'"'); stream.next(); let end = stream.offset(); // Remove possible delimiters after the quoted argument. for delim in delims { stream.eat(delim); } return Some(if is_quote { Token::new(TokenKind::QuotedArgument, start, end) } else { // We're missing an end quote. View this as a normal argument. Token::new(TokenKind::Argument, start, stream.len()) }); } let mut end = start; 'outer: while !stream.is_empty() { for delim in delims { end = stream.offset(); if stream.eat(&delim) { break 'outer; } } stream.next_char(); end = stream.offset(); } Some(Token::new(TokenKind::Argument, start, end)) } fn remove_quotes(s: &str) -> &str { if s.starts_with('"') && s.ends_with('"') { return &s[1..s.len() - 1]; } s } #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)] enum State { None, Quoted, Trimmed, // Preserve the order they were called. QuotedTrimmed, TrimmedQuoted, } /// A utility struct for handling "arguments" of a command. /// /// An "argument" is a part of the message up that ends at one of the specified delimiters, or the end of the message. /// /// # Example /// /// ```rust /// use serenity::framework::standard::{Args, Delimiter}; /// /// let mut args = Args::new("hello world!", &[Delimiter::Single(' ')]); // A space is our delimiter. /// /// // Parse our argument as a `String` and assert that it's the "hello" part of the message. /// assert_eq!(args.single::<String>().unwrap(), "hello"); /// // Same here. /// assert_eq!(args.single::<String>().unwrap(), "world!"); /// /// ``` /// /// We can also parse "quoted arguments" (no pun intended): /// /// ```rust /// use serenity::framework::standard::{Args, Delimiter}; /// /// // Let us imagine this scenario: /// // You have a `photo` command that grabs the avatar url of a user. This command accepts names only. /// // Now, one of your users wants the avatar of a user named Princess Zelda. /// // Problem is, her name contains a space; our delimiter. This would result in two arguments, "Princess" and "Zelda". /// // So how shall we get around this? Through quotes! By surrounding her name in them we can perceive it as one single argument. /// let mut args = Args::new(r#""Princess Zelda""#, &[Delimiter::Single(' ')]); /// /// // Hooray! /// assert_eq!(args.single_quoted::<String>().unwrap(), "Princess Zelda"); /// ``` /// /// In case of a mistake, we can go back in time... er I mean, one step (or entirely): /// /// ```rust /// use serenity::framework::standard::{Args, Delimiter}; /// /// let mut args = Args::new("4 2", &[Delimiter::Single(' ')]); /// /// assert_eq!(args.single::<u32>().unwrap(), 4); /// /// // Oh wait, oops, meant to double the 4. /// // But I won't able to access it now... /// // oh wait, I can `rewind`. /// args.rewind(); /// /// assert_eq!(args.single::<u32>().unwrap() * 2, 8); /// /// // And the same for the 2 /// assert_eq!(args.single::<u32>().unwrap() * 2, 4); /// /// // WAIT, NO. I wanted to concatenate them into a "42" string... /// // Argh, what should I do now???? /// // .... /// // oh, `restore` /// args.restore(); /// /// let res = format!("{}{}", args.single::<String>().unwrap(), args.single::<String>().unwrap()); /// /// // Yay. /// assert_eq!(res, "42"); /// ``` /// /// Hmm, taking a glance at the prior example, it seems we have an issue with reading the same argument over and over. /// Is there a more sensible solution than rewinding...? Actually, there is! The `current` and `parse` methods: /// /// ```rust /// use serenity::framework::standard::{Args, Delimiter}; /// /// let mut args = Args::new("trois cinq quatre six", &[Delimiter::Single(' ')]); /// /// assert_eq!(args.parse::<String>().unwrap(), "trois"); /// /// // It might suggest we've lost the `trois`. But in fact, we didn't! And not only that, we can do it an infinite amount of times! /// assert_eq!(args.parse::<String>().unwrap(), "trois"); /// assert_eq!(args.current(), Some("trois")); /// assert_eq!(args.parse::<String>().unwrap(), "trois"); /// assert_eq!(args.current(), Some("trois")); /// /// // Only if we use its brother method we'll then lose it. /// assert_eq!(args.single::<String>().unwrap(), "trois"); /// assert_eq!(args.single::<String>().unwrap(), "cinq"); /// assert_eq!(args.single::<String>().unwrap(), "quatre"); /// assert_eq!(args.single::<String>().unwrap(), "six"); /// ``` #[derive(Clone, Debug)] pub struct Args { message: String, args: Vec<Token>, offset: usize, state: Cell<State>, } impl Args { /// Create a new instance of `Args` for parsing arguments. /// /// For more reference, look at [`Args`]'s struct documentation. /// /// # Example /// /// ```rust /// use serenity::framework::standard::{Args, Delimiter}; /// /// let mut args = Args::new( /// // Our message from which we'll parse over. /// "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy", /// /// // The "delimiters", or aka the separators. They denote how we distinguish arguments as their own. /// // For this example, we'll use one delimiter, the space (`0x20`), which will separate the message. /// &[Delimiter::Single(' ')], /// ); /// /// assert_eq!(args.single::<String>().unwrap(), "the"); /// assert_eq!(args.single::<String>().unwrap(), "quick"); /// assert_eq!(args.single::<String>().unwrap(), "brown"); /// /// // We shall not see `the quick brown` again. /// assert_eq!(args.rest(), "fox jumps over the lazy"); /// ``` /// /// [`Args`]: #struct.Args.html pub fn new(message: &str, possible_delimiters: &[Delimiter]) -> Self { let delims = possible_delimiters .iter() .filter(|d| match d { Delimiter::Single(c) => message.contains(*c), Delimiter::Multiple(s) => message.contains(s), }) .map(|delim| delim.to_str()) .collect::<Vec<_>>(); let args = if delims.is_empty() && !message.is_empty() { let kind = if message.starts_with('"') && message.ends_with('"') { TokenKind::QuotedArgument } else { TokenKind::Argument }; // If there are no delimiters, then the only possible argument is the whole message. vec![Token::new(kind, 0, message.len())] } else { let mut args = Vec::new(); let mut stream = Stream::new(message); while let Some(token) = lex(&mut stream, &delims) { args.push(token); } args }; Args { args, message: message.to_string(), offset: 0, state: Cell::new(State::None), } } #[inline] fn span(&self) -> (usize, usize) { self.args[self.offset].span } #[inline] fn slice(&self) -> &str { let (start, end) = self.span(); &self.message[start..end] } /// Move to the next argument. /// This increments the offset pointer. /// /// Does nothing if the message is empty. pub fn advance(&mut self) -> &mut Self { if self.is_empty() { return self; } self.offset += 1; self } /// Go one step behind. /// This decrements the offset pointer. /// /// Does nothing if the offset pointer is `0`. #[inline] pub fn rewind(&mut self) -> &mut Self { if self.offset == 0 { return self; } self.offset -= 1; self } /// Go back to the starting point. #[inline] pub fn restore(&mut self) { self.offset = 0; } fn apply<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> &'a str { fn trim(s: &str) -> &str { let trimmed = s.trim(); // Search where the argument starts and ends between the whitespace. let start = s.find(trimmed).unwrap_or(0); let end = start + trimmed.len(); &s[start..end] } let mut s = s; match self.state.get() { State::None => {} State::Quoted => { s = remove_quotes(s); } State::Trimmed => { s = trim(s); } State::QuotedTrimmed => { s = remove_quotes(s); s = trim(s); } State::TrimmedQuoted => { s = trim(s); s = remove_quotes(s); } } self.state.set(State::None); s } /// Retrieve the current argument. /// /// Applies modifications set by [`trimmed`] and [`quoted`]. /// /// # Note /// /// This borrows `Args` for the entire lifetime of the returned argument. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use serenity::framework::standard::{Args, Delimiter}; /// /// let mut args = Args::new("4 2", &[Delimiter::Single(' ')]); /// /// assert_eq!(args.current(), Some("4")); /// args.advance(); /// assert_eq!(args.current(), Some("2")); /// args.advance(); /// assert_eq!(args.current(), None); /// ``` /// /// [`trimmed`]: #method.trimmed /// [`quoted`]: #method.quoted #[inline] pub fn current(&self) -> Option<&str> { if self.is_empty() { return None; } let mut s = self.slice(); s = self.apply(s); Some(s) } /// Apply trimming the next time the current argument is accessed. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use serenity::framework::standard::Args; /// /// let mut args = Args::new(" 42 ", &[]); /// /// assert_eq!(args.trimmed().current(), Some("42")); /// // `trimmed`'s effect on argument retrieval diminishes after a call to `current` /// assert_eq!(args.current(), Some(" 42 ")); /// assert_eq!(args.message(), " 42 "); /// ``` pub fn trimmed(&mut self) -> &mut Self { if self.is_empty() { return self; } match self.state.get() { State::None => self.state.set(State::Trimmed), State::Quoted => self.state.set(State::QuotedTrimmed), _ => {} } self } /// Remove quotations surrounding the current argument the next time it is accessed. /// /// Note that only the quotes of the argument are taken into account. /// The quotes in the message are preserved. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use serenity::framework::standard::Args; /// /// let mut args = Args::new("\"42\"", &[]); /// /// assert_eq!(args.quoted().current(), Some("42")); /// assert_eq!(args.current(), Some("\"42\"")); /// assert_eq!(args.message(), "\"42\""); /// ``` pub fn quoted(&mut self) -> &mut Self { if self.is_empty() { return self; } let is_quoted = self.args[self.offset].kind == TokenKind::QuotedArgument; if is_quoted { match self.state.get() { State::None => self.state.set(State::Quoted), State::Trimmed => self.state.set(State::TrimmedQuoted), _ => {} } } self } /// Parse the current argument. /// /// Modifications of [`trimmed`] and [`quoted`] are also applied if they were called. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use serenity::framework::standard::{Args, Delimiter}; /// /// let mut args = Args::new("4 2", &[Delimiter::Single(' ')]); /// /// assert_eq!(args.parse::<u32>().unwrap(), 4); /// assert_eq!(args.current(), Some("4")); /// ``` /// /// [`trimmed`]: #method.trimmed /// [`quoted`]: #method.quoted #[inline] pub fn parse<T: FromStr>(&self) -> Result<T, T::Err> { T::from_str(self.current().ok_or(Error::Eos)?).map_err(Error::Parse) } /// Parse the current argument and advance. /// /// Shorthand for calling [`parse`], storing the result, /// calling [`next`] and returning the result. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use serenity::framework::standard::{Args, Delimiter}; /// /// let mut args = Args::new("4 2", &[Delimiter::Single(' ')]); /// /// assert_eq!(args.single::<u32>().unwrap(), 4); /// /// // `4` is now out of the way. Next we have `2` /// assert_eq!(args.single::<u32>().unwrap(), 2); /// assert!(args.is_empty()); /// ``` /// /// [`parse`]: #method.parse /// [`next`]: #method.next #[inline] pub fn single<T: FromStr>(&mut self) -> Result<T, T::Err> { let p = self.parse::<T>()?; self.advance(); Ok(p) } /// Remove surrounding quotations, if present, from the argument; parse it and advance. /// /// Shorthand for `.quoted().single::<T>()` /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use serenity::framework::standard::{Args, Delimiter}; /// /// let mut args = Args::new(r#""4" "2""#, &[Delimiter::Single(' ')]); /// /// assert_eq!(args.single_quoted::<String>().unwrap(), "4"); /// assert_eq!(args.single_quoted::<u32>().unwrap(), 2); /// assert!(args.is_empty()); /// ``` /// #[inline] pub fn single_quoted<T: FromStr>(&mut self) -> Result<T, T::Err> { let p = self.quoted().parse::<T>()?; self.advance(); Ok(p) } /// By starting from the current offset, iterate over /// any available arguments until there are none. /// /// Modifications of [`trimmed`] and [`quoted`] are also applied to all arguments if they were called. /// /// # Examples /// /// Assert that all of the numbers in the message are even. /// /// ```rust /// use serenity::framework::standard::{Args, Delimiter}; /// /// let mut args = Args::new("4 2", &[Delimiter::Single(' ')]); /// /// for arg in args.iter::<u32>() { /// // Zero troubles, zero worries. /// let arg = arg.unwrap_or(0); /// assert!(arg % 2 == 0); /// } /// /// assert!(args.is_empty()); /// ``` /// /// [`trimmed`]: struct.Iter.html#method.trimmed /// [`quoted`]: struct.Iter.html#method.quoted #[inline] pub fn iter<T: FromStr>(&mut self) -> Iter<'_, T> { Iter { args: self, state: State::None, _marker: PhantomData, } } /// Return an iterator over all unmodified arguments. /// /// # Examples /// /// Join the arguments by a comma and a space. /// /// ```rust /// use serenity::framework::standard::{Args, Delimiter}; /// /// let args = Args::new("Harry Hermione Ronald", &[Delimiter::Single(' ')]); /// /// let protagonists = args.raw().collect::<Vec<&str>>().join(", "); /// /// assert_eq!(protagonists, "Harry, Hermione, Ronald"); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn raw(&self) -> RawArguments<'_> { RawArguments { tokens: &self.args, msg: &self.message, quoted: false, } } /// Return an iterator over all arguments, stripped of their quotations if any were present. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use serenity::framework::standard::{Args, Delimiter}; /// /// let args = Args::new("Saw \"The Mist\" \"A Quiet Place\"", &[Delimiter::Single(' ')]); /// /// let horror_movies = args.raw_quoted().collect::<Vec<&str>>(); /// /// assert_eq!(&*horror_movies, &["Saw", "The Mist", "A Quiet Place"]); /// ``` #[inline] pub fn raw_quoted(&self) -> RawArguments<'_> { let mut raw = self.raw(); raw.quoted = true; raw } /// Search for any available argument that can be parsed, and remove it from the "arguments queue". /// /// # Note /// The removal is irreversible. And happens after the search *and* the parse were successful. /// /// # Note 2 /// "Arguments queue" is the list which contains all arguments that were deemed unique as defined by quotations and delimiters. /// The 'removed' argument can be, likewise, still accessed via `message`. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use serenity::framework::standard::{Args, Delimiter}; /// /// let mut args = Args::new("c4 2", &[Delimiter::Single(' ')]); /// /// assert_eq!(args.find::<u32>().unwrap(), 2); /// assert_eq!(args.single::<String>().unwrap(), "c4"); /// assert!(args.is_empty()); /// ``` pub fn find<T: FromStr>(&mut self) -> Result<T, T::Err> { if self.is_empty() { return Err(Error::Eos); } let before = self.offset; self.restore(); let pos = match self.iter::<T>().quoted().position(|res| res.is_ok()) { Some(p) => p, None => { self.offset = before; return Err(Error::Eos); }, }; self.offset = pos; let parsed = self.single_quoted::<T>()?; self.args.remove(pos); self.offset = before; self.rewind(); Ok(parsed) } /// Search for any available argument that can be parsed. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use serenity::framework::standard::{Args, Delimiter}; /// /// let mut args = Args::new("c4 2", &[Delimiter::Single(' ')]); /// /// assert_eq!(args.find_n::<u32>().unwrap(), 2); /// /// // The `2` is still here, so let's parse it again. /// assert_eq!(args.single::<String>().unwrap(), "c4"); /// assert_eq!(args.single::<u32>().unwrap(), 2); /// assert!(args.is_empty()); /// ``` pub fn find_n<T: FromStr>(&mut self) -> Result<T, T::Err> { if self.is_empty() { return Err(Error::Eos); } let before = self.offset; self.restore(); let pos = match self.iter::<T>().quoted().position(|res| res.is_ok()) { Some(p) => p, None => { self.offset = before; return Err(Error::Eos); }, }; self.offset = pos; let parsed = self.quoted().parse::<T>()?; self.offset = before; Ok(parsed) } /// Get the original, unmodified message passed to the command. #[inline] pub fn message(&self) -> &str { &self.message } /// Starting from the offset, return the remainder of available arguments. #[inline] pub fn rest(&self) -> &str { self.remains().unwrap_or_default() } /// Starting from the offset, return the remainder of available arguments. /// /// Returns `None` if there are no remaining arguments. #[inline] pub fn remains(&self) -> Option<&str> { if self.is_empty() { return None; } let (start, _) = self.span(); Some(&self.message[start..]) } /// Return the full amount of recognised arguments. /// The length of the "arguments queue". /// /// # Note /// /// The value returned is to be assumed to stay static. /// However, if `find` was called previously, and was successful, then the value is substracted by one. #[inline] pub fn len(&self) -> usize { self.args.len() } /// Assert that there are no more arguments left. #[inline] pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool { self.offset >= self.len() } /// Return the amount of arguments still available. #[inline] pub fn remaining(&self) -> usize { if self.is_empty() { return 0; } self.len() - self.offset } } /// Parse each argument individually, as an iterator. pub struct Iter<'a, T: FromStr> { args: &'a mut Args, state: State, _marker: PhantomData<T>, } impl<'a, T: FromStr> Iter<'a, T> { /// Retrieve the current argument. pub fn current(&self) -> Option<&str> { self.args.state.set(self.state); self.args.current() } /// Parse the current argument independently. pub fn parse(&self) -> Result<T, T::Err> { self.args.state.set(self.state); self.args.parse::<T>() } /// Remove surrounding quotation marks from all of the arguments. #[inline] pub fn quoted(&mut self) -> &mut Self { match self.state { State::None => self.state = State::Quoted, State::Trimmed => self.state = State::TrimmedQuoted, _ => {} } self } /// Trim leading and trailling whitespace off all arguments. #[inline] pub fn trimmed(&mut self) -> &mut Self { match self.state { State::None => self.state = State::Trimmed, State::Quoted => self.state = State::QuotedTrimmed, _ => {} } self } } impl<'a, T: FromStr> Iterator for Iter<'a, T> { type Item = Result<T, T::Err>; fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> { if self.args.is_empty() { None } else { let arg = self.parse(); self.args.advance(); Some(arg) } } } /// Access to all of the arguments, as an iterator. #[derive(Debug)] pub struct RawArguments<'a> { msg: &'a str, tokens: &'a [Token], quoted: bool, } impl<'a> Iterator for RawArguments<'a> { type Item = &'a str; #[inline] fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> { let (start, end) = self.tokens.get(0)?.span; self.tokens = &self.tokens[1..]; let mut s = &self.msg[start..end]; if self.quoted { s = remove_quotes(s); } Some(s) } }