// Copyright (c) 2017 Stefan Lankes, RWTH Aachen University
//                    Colin Finck, RWTH Aachen University
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT or
// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your option. This file may not be
// copied, modified, or distributed except according to those terms.

/*
 * First version is derived and adapted for HermitCore from
 * Philipp Oppermann's excellent series of blog posts (http://blog.phil-opp.com/)
 * and Eric Kidd's toy OS (https://github.com/emk/toyos-rs).
 */

#![warn(clippy::all)]
#![allow(clippy::redundant_field_names)]
#![allow(clippy::identity_op)]
#![allow(clippy::needless_range_loop)]
#![allow(clippy::toplevel_ref_arg)]
#![allow(clippy::not_unsafe_ptr_arg_deref)]
#![allow(clippy::println_empty_string)]
#![allow(clippy::single_match)]
#![allow(clippy::cognitive_complexity)]
#![allow(clippy::forget_copy)]
#![feature(abi_x86_interrupt)]
#![feature(allocator_api)]
#![feature(const_btree_new)]
#![feature(const_fn)]
#![feature(lang_items)]
#![feature(linkage)]
#![feature(llvm_asm)]
#![feature(panic_info_message)]
#![feature(specialization)]
#![feature(naked_functions)]
#![feature(core_intrinsics)]
#![feature(alloc_error_handler)]
#![allow(unused_macros)]
#![no_std]

// EXTERNAL CRATES
#[macro_use]
extern crate alloc;
#[macro_use]
extern crate bitflags;
#[macro_use]
extern crate log;
#[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
extern crate multiboot;
extern crate num;
#[macro_use]
extern crate num_derive;
extern crate num_traits;
#[cfg(test)]
#[macro_use]
extern crate std;
#[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
extern crate x86;

use alloc::alloc::Layout;
use core::alloc::GlobalAlloc;

use arch::percore::*;
use mm::allocator::LockedHeap;

pub use crate::arch::*;
pub use crate::config::*;
pub use crate::syscalls::*;

#[macro_use]
mod macros;

#[macro_use]
mod logging;

mod arch;
mod collections;
mod config;
mod console;
mod drivers;
mod environment;
mod errno;
mod kernel_message_buffer;
mod mm;
#[cfg(not(feature = "newlib"))]
mod rlib;
#[cfg(not(test))]
mod runtime_glue;
mod scheduler;
mod synch;
mod syscalls;
mod util;

#[cfg(not(test))]
#[global_allocator]
static ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap = LockedHeap::empty();

/// Interface to allocate memory from system heap
///
/// # Errors
/// Returning a null pointer indicates that either memory is exhausted or
/// `size` and `align` do not meet this allocator's size or alignment constraints.
///
#[cfg(not(test))]
pub fn __sys_malloc(size: usize, align: usize) -> *mut u8 {
	let layout_res = Layout::from_size_align(size, align);
	if layout_res.is_err() || size == 0 {
		warn!(
			"__sys_malloc called with size 0x{:x}, align 0x{:x} is an invalid layout!",
			size, align
		);
		return core::ptr::null::<*mut u8>() as *mut u8;
	}
	let layout = layout_res.unwrap();
	let ptr = unsafe { ALLOCATOR.alloc(layout) };

	trace!(
		"__sys_malloc: allocate memory at 0x{:x} (size 0x{:x}, align 0x{:x})",
		ptr as usize,
		size,
		align
	);

	ptr
}

/// Shrink or grow a block of memory to the given `new_size`. The block is described by the given
/// ptr pointer and layout. If this returns a non-null pointer, then ownership of the memory block
/// referenced by ptr has been transferred to this allocator. The memory may or may not have been
/// deallocated, and should be considered unusable (unless of course it was transferred back to the
/// caller again via the return value of this method). The new memory block is allocated with
/// layout, but with the size updated to new_size.
/// If this method returns null, then ownership of the memory block has not been transferred to this
/// allocator, and the contents of the memory block are unaltered.
///
/// # Safety
/// This function is unsafe because undefined behavior can result if the caller does not ensure all
/// of the following:
/// - `ptr` must be currently allocated via this allocator,
/// - `size` and `align` must be the same layout that was used to allocate that block of memory.
/// ToDO: verify if the same values for size and align always lead to the same layout
///
/// # Errors
/// Returns null if the new layout does not meet the size and alignment constraints of the
/// allocator, or if reallocation otherwise fails.
#[cfg(not(test))]
pub unsafe fn __sys_realloc(ptr: *mut u8, size: usize, align: usize, new_size: usize) -> *mut u8 {
	let layout_res = Layout::from_size_align(size, align);
	if layout_res.is_err() || size == 0 || new_size == 0 {
		warn!(
			"__sys_realloc called with ptr 0x{:x}, size 0x{:x}, align 0x{:x}, new_size 0x{:x} is an invalid layout!",
			ptr as usize, size, align, new_size
		);
		return core::ptr::null::<*mut u8>() as *mut u8;
	}
	let layout = layout_res.unwrap();
	let new_ptr = ALLOCATOR.realloc(ptr, layout, new_size);

	if new_ptr.is_null() {
		debug!(
			"__sys_realloc failed to resize ptr 0x{:x} with size 0x{:x}, align 0x{:x}, new_size 0x{:x} !",
			ptr as usize, size, align, new_size
		);
	} else {
		trace!(
			"__sys_realloc: resized memory at 0x{:x}, new address 0x{:x}",
			ptr as usize,
			new_ptr as usize
		);
	}
	new_ptr
}

/// Interface to deallocate a memory region from the system heap
///
/// # Safety
/// This function is unsafe because undefined behavior can result if the caller does not ensure all of the following:
/// - ptr must denote a block of memory currently allocated via this allocator,
/// - `size` and `align` must be the same values that were used to allocate that block of memory
/// ToDO: verify if the same values for size and align always lead to the same layout
///
/// # Errors
/// May panic if debug assertions are enabled and invalid parameters `size` or `align` where passed.
#[cfg(not(test))]
pub unsafe fn __sys_free(ptr: *mut u8, size: usize, align: usize) {
	let layout_res = Layout::from_size_align(size, align);
	if layout_res.is_err() || size == 0 {
		warn!(
			"__sys_free called with size 0x{:x}, align 0x{:x} is an invalid layout!",
			size, align
		);
		debug_assert!(layout_res.is_err(), "__sys_free error: Invalid layout");
		debug_assert_ne!(size, 0, "__sys_free error: size cannot be 0");
	} else {
		trace!(
			"sys_free: deallocate memory at 0x{:x} (size 0x{:x})",
			ptr as usize,
			size
		);
	}
	let layout = layout_res.unwrap();
	ALLOCATOR.dealloc(ptr, layout);
}

#[cfg(not(test))]
extern "C" {
	static mut __bss_start: usize;
}

/// Helper function to check if uhyve provide an IP device
#[cfg(feature = "newlib")]
fn has_ipdevice() -> bool {
	arch::x86_64::kernel::has_ipdevice()
}

/// Entry point of a kernel thread, which initialize the libos
#[cfg(not(test))]
extern "C" fn initd(_arg: usize) {
	extern "C" {
		fn runtime_entry(argc: i32, argv: *const *const u8, env: *const *const u8) -> !;
		#[cfg(feature = "newlib")]
		fn init_lwip();
	}

	// initialize LwIP library for newlib-based applications
	#[cfg(feature = "newlib")]
	unsafe {
		if has_ipdevice() {
			init_lwip();
		}
	}

	if environment::is_uhyve() {
		// Initialize the uhyve-net interface using the IP and gateway addresses specified in hcip, hcmask, hcgateway.
		info!("HermitCore is running on uhyve!");
	} else if !environment::is_single_kernel() {
		// Initialize the mmnif interface using static IPs in the range 192.168.28.x.
		info!("HermitCore is running side-by-side to Linux!");
	} else {
		info!("HermitCore is running on common system!");
	}

	// Initialize PCI Drivers if on x86_64
	#[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
	x86_64::kernel::pci::init_drivers();

	syscalls::init();

	// Get the application arguments and environment variables.
	let (argc, argv, environ) = syscalls::get_application_parameters();

	// give the IP thread time to initialize the network interface
	core_scheduler().reschedule();

	unsafe {
		// And finally start the application.
		runtime_entry(argc, argv, environ);
	}
}

/// Entry Point of HermitCore for the Boot Processor
#[cfg(not(test))]
fn boot_processor_main() -> ! {
	// Initialize the kernel and hardware.
	arch::message_output_init();
	logging::init();

	info!("Welcome to HermitCore-rs {}", env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"));
	info!("Kernel starts at 0x{:x}", environment::get_base_address());
	info!("BSS starts at 0x{:x}", unsafe {
		&__bss_start as *const usize as usize
	});
	info!(
		"TLS starts at 0x{:x} (size {} Bytes)",
		environment::get_tls_start(),
		environment::get_tls_memsz()
	);

	arch::boot_processor_init();
	scheduler::add_current_core();

	if environment::is_single_kernel() && !environment::is_uhyve() {
		arch::boot_application_processors();
	}

	// Start the initd task.
	scheduler::PerCoreScheduler::spawn(initd, 0, scheduler::task::NORMAL_PRIO, 0, USER_STACK_SIZE);

	let core_scheduler = core_scheduler();
	// Run the scheduler loop.
	loop {
		core_scheduler.reschedule_and_wait();
	}
}

/// Entry Point of HermitCore for an Application Processor
#[cfg(not(test))]
fn application_processor_main() -> ! {
	arch::application_processor_init();
	scheduler::add_current_core();

	info!("Entering idle loop for application processor");

	let core_scheduler = core_scheduler();
	// Run the scheduler loop.
	loop {
		core_scheduler.reschedule_and_wait();
	}
}