use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use thiserror::Error;
use super::continuous_variable::{CVResult, Complex, GaussianState};
use super::gate_based::{PhotonicQubitEncoding, PhotonicQubitState};
use super::{PhotonicMode, PhotonicSystemType};
use crate::DeviceResult;
use scirs2_core::random::prelude::*;
#[derive(Error, Debug)]
pub enum PhotonicProtocolError {
#[error("Protocol execution failed: {0}")]
ExecutionFailed(String),
#[error("Authentication failed: {0}")]
AuthenticationFailed(String),
#[error("Security violation: {0}")]
SecurityViolation(String),
#[error("Network communication error: {0}")]
NetworkError(String),
#[error("Protocol not supported: {0}")]
UnsupportedProtocol(String),
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum PhotonicProtocolType {
QKD { variant: QKDVariant },
Teleportation,
StateDistribution,
ClockSynchronization,
SensingNetwork,
QuantumInternet { protocol_version: String },
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum QKDVariant {
BB84,
B92,
SARG04,
CVQKD { modulation: CVModulation },
MDIQKD,
TwinField,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum CVModulation {
Gaussian { variance: f64 },
Discrete { constellation_size: usize },
Heterodyne,
Homodyne,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ProtocolContext {
pub protocol_id: String,
pub parties: Vec<ProtocolParty>,
pub security_params: SecurityParameters,
pub network_config: NetworkConfiguration,
#[serde(with = "instant_serde")]
pub start_time: Instant,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ProtocolParty {
pub party_id: String,
pub role: PartyRole,
pub endpoints: Vec<String>,
pub capabilities: PartyCapabilities,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum PartyRole {
Alice,
Bob,
Charlie,
Eve,
NetworkNode { node_id: String },
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct PartyCapabilities {
pub encodings: Vec<PhotonicQubitEncoding>,
pub detection_efficiency: f64,
pub max_rate: f64,
pub wavelengths: Vec<f64>,
pub max_distance: Option<f64>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct SecurityParameters {
pub security_level: usize,
pub error_tolerance: f64,
pub privacy_amplification: PrivacyAmplificationParams,
pub authentication: AuthenticationMethod,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct PrivacyAmplificationParams {
pub hash_family: String,
pub compression_ratio: f64,
pub rounds: usize,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum AuthenticationMethod {
Classical { algorithm: String },
Quantum { protocol: String },
PostQuantum { algorithm: String },
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct NetworkConfiguration {
pub topology: NetworkTopology,
pub channels: Vec<QuantumChannel>,
pub routing: RoutingConfig,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum NetworkTopology {
PointToPoint,
Star { hub: String },
Ring,
Mesh,
Tree { root: String },
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct QuantumChannel {
pub channel_id: String,
pub source: String,
pub destination: String,
pub characteristics: ChannelCharacteristics,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ChannelCharacteristics {
pub loss_rate: f64,
pub dark_count_rate: f64,
pub length: f64,
pub wavelength: f64,
pub detector_efficiency: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct RoutingConfig {
pub algorithm: RoutingAlgorithm,
pub max_hops: usize,
pub load_balancing: bool,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum RoutingAlgorithm {
ShortestPath,
MinimumLoss,
LoadBalanced,
QuantumAware,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ProtocolResult {
pub success: bool,
pub key: Option<Vec<u8>>,
pub transmitted_state: Option<PhotonicQubitState>,
pub metrics: ProtocolMetrics,
pub security_analysis: SecurityAnalysis,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ProtocolMetrics {
pub execution_time: Duration,
pub key_rate: Option<f64>,
pub error_rate: f64,
pub fidelity: f64,
pub throughput: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct SecurityAnalysis {
pub information_leakage: f64,
pub eavesdropping_detected: bool,
pub security_proof_valid: bool,
pub achieved_security: f64,
}
pub struct PhotonicProtocolEngine {
pub active_protocols: HashMap<String, ProtocolContext>,
pub statistics: ProtocolStatistics,
pub security_monitor: SecurityMonitor,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ProtocolStatistics {
pub total_protocols: usize,
pub success_rate: f64,
pub average_key_rate: f64,
pub average_fidelity: f64,
pub security_violations: usize,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct SecurityMonitor {
pub threat_detection: bool,
pub anomaly_threshold: f64,
pub security_events: Vec<SecurityEvent>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct SecurityEvent {
#[serde(with = "instant_serde")]
pub timestamp: Instant,
pub event_type: SecurityEventType,
pub severity: SecuritySeverity,
pub description: String,
pub affected_protocols: Vec<String>,
}
mod instant_serde {
use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize, Serializer};
use std::time::{Duration, Instant, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
pub fn serialize<S>(instant: &Instant, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
where
S: Serializer,
{
let duration_since_epoch = SystemTime::now()
.duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
.unwrap_or_default();
duration_since_epoch.as_secs().serialize(serializer)
}
pub fn deserialize<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Instant, D::Error>
where
D: Deserializer<'de>,
{
let secs = u64::deserialize(deserializer)?;
Ok(Instant::now()) }
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum SecurityEventType {
EavesdroppingDetected,
AnomalousErrorRate,
AuthenticationFailure,
ProtocolViolation,
NetworkIntrusion,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum SecuritySeverity {
Low,
Medium,
High,
Critical,
}
impl PhotonicProtocolEngine {
pub fn new() -> Self {
Self {
active_protocols: HashMap::new(),
statistics: ProtocolStatistics {
total_protocols: 0,
success_rate: 0.0,
average_key_rate: 0.0,
average_fidelity: 0.0,
security_violations: 0,
},
security_monitor: SecurityMonitor {
threat_detection: true,
anomaly_threshold: 0.05,
security_events: Vec::new(),
},
}
}
pub fn execute_protocol(
&mut self,
protocol_type: PhotonicProtocolType,
context: ProtocolContext,
) -> Result<ProtocolResult, PhotonicProtocolError> {
let start_time = Instant::now();
self.active_protocols
.insert(context.protocol_id.clone(), context.clone());
let result = match protocol_type {
PhotonicProtocolType::QKD { variant } => self.execute_qkd_protocol(variant, &context),
PhotonicProtocolType::Teleportation => self.execute_teleportation_protocol(&context),
PhotonicProtocolType::StateDistribution => {
self.execute_state_distribution_protocol(&context)
}
PhotonicProtocolType::ClockSynchronization => {
self.execute_clock_sync_protocol(&context)
}
PhotonicProtocolType::SensingNetwork => self.execute_sensing_protocol(&context),
PhotonicProtocolType::QuantumInternet { protocol_version } => {
self.execute_quantum_internet_protocol(&context, &protocol_version)
}
}?;
self.update_statistics(&result);
self.active_protocols.remove(&context.protocol_id);
Ok(result)
}
fn execute_qkd_protocol(
&mut self,
variant: QKDVariant,
context: &ProtocolContext,
) -> Result<ProtocolResult, PhotonicProtocolError> {
match variant {
QKDVariant::BB84 => self.execute_bb84(context),
QKDVariant::CVQKD { modulation } => self.execute_cvqkd(context, modulation),
_ => Err(PhotonicProtocolError::UnsupportedProtocol(format!(
"QKD variant {variant:?} not implemented"
))),
}
}
fn execute_bb84(
&mut self,
context: &ProtocolContext,
) -> Result<ProtocolResult, PhotonicProtocolError> {
let start_time = Instant::now();
let key_length = 256; let mut raw_key = Vec::new();
let mut error_count = 0;
for _ in 0..key_length * 2 {
let bit = thread_rng().random::<bool>();
let basis = thread_rng().random::<bool>();
let channel_loss = 0.05; let error_rate = 0.01;
if thread_rng().random::<f64>() > channel_loss {
let received_bit = if thread_rng().random::<f64>() < error_rate {
!bit } else {
bit
};
if thread_rng().random::<bool>() {
raw_key.push(received_bit as u8);
if received_bit != bit {
error_count += 1;
}
}
}
}
raw_key.truncate(key_length);
let final_error_rate = error_count as f64 / raw_key.len() as f64;
let security_analysis = SecurityAnalysis {
information_leakage: final_error_rate * 0.5, eavesdropping_detected: final_error_rate > 0.11, security_proof_valid: final_error_rate <= 0.11,
achieved_security: if final_error_rate <= 0.11 {
context.security_params.security_level as f64
} else {
0.0
},
};
let metrics = ProtocolMetrics {
execution_time: start_time.elapsed(),
key_rate: Some(raw_key.len() as f64 / start_time.elapsed().as_secs_f64()),
error_rate: final_error_rate,
fidelity: 1.0 - final_error_rate,
throughput: raw_key.len() as f64,
};
Ok(ProtocolResult {
success: security_analysis.security_proof_valid,
key: if security_analysis.security_proof_valid {
Some(raw_key)
} else {
None
},
transmitted_state: None,
metrics,
security_analysis,
})
}
fn execute_cvqkd(
&mut self,
context: &ProtocolContext,
modulation: CVModulation,
) -> Result<ProtocolResult, PhotonicProtocolError> {
let start_time = Instant::now();
let key_length = 256;
let mut key = Vec::new();
for _ in 0..key_length {
let x_quad = match modulation {
CVModulation::Gaussian { variance } => {
self.generate_gaussian_random(0.0, variance)
}
CVModulation::Discrete { constellation_size } => {
let point = (thread_rng().random::<f64>() * constellation_size as f64) as usize;
(point as f64 - constellation_size as f64 / 2.0) * 0.5
}
_ => thread_rng().random::<f64>() - 0.5,
};
key.push(u8::from(x_quad > 0.0));
}
let error_rate = 0.02; let security_analysis = SecurityAnalysis {
information_leakage: error_rate * 0.3,
eavesdropping_detected: error_rate > 0.05,
security_proof_valid: error_rate <= 0.05,
achieved_security: if error_rate <= 0.05 {
context.security_params.security_level as f64
} else {
0.0
},
};
let metrics = ProtocolMetrics {
execution_time: start_time.elapsed(),
key_rate: Some(key.len() as f64 / start_time.elapsed().as_secs_f64()),
error_rate,
fidelity: 1.0 - error_rate,
throughput: key.len() as f64,
};
Ok(ProtocolResult {
success: security_analysis.security_proof_valid,
key: if security_analysis.security_proof_valid {
Some(key)
} else {
None
},
transmitted_state: None,
metrics,
security_analysis,
})
}
fn execute_teleportation_protocol(
&self,
context: &ProtocolContext,
) -> Result<ProtocolResult, PhotonicProtocolError> {
let start_time = Instant::now();
let input_state = PhotonicQubitState::plus(PhotonicQubitEncoding::Polarization);
let fidelity: f64 = 0.95;
let mut output_state = input_state;
output_state.amplitude_0 *= fidelity.sqrt();
output_state.amplitude_1 *= fidelity.sqrt();
let metrics = ProtocolMetrics {
execution_time: start_time.elapsed(),
key_rate: None,
error_rate: 1.0 - fidelity,
fidelity,
throughput: 1.0, };
let security_analysis = SecurityAnalysis {
information_leakage: 0.0, eavesdropping_detected: false,
security_proof_valid: true,
achieved_security: f64::INFINITY, };
Ok(ProtocolResult {
success: fidelity > 0.9,
key: None,
transmitted_state: Some(output_state),
metrics,
security_analysis,
})
}
const fn execute_state_distribution_protocol(
&self,
context: &ProtocolContext,
) -> Result<ProtocolResult, PhotonicProtocolError> {
Ok(self.create_placeholder_result(context))
}
const fn execute_clock_sync_protocol(
&self,
context: &ProtocolContext,
) -> Result<ProtocolResult, PhotonicProtocolError> {
Ok(self.create_placeholder_result(context))
}
const fn execute_sensing_protocol(
&self,
context: &ProtocolContext,
) -> Result<ProtocolResult, PhotonicProtocolError> {
Ok(self.create_placeholder_result(context))
}
const fn execute_quantum_internet_protocol(
&self,
context: &ProtocolContext,
_protocol_version: &str,
) -> Result<ProtocolResult, PhotonicProtocolError> {
Ok(self.create_placeholder_result(context))
}
const fn create_placeholder_result(&self, _context: &ProtocolContext) -> ProtocolResult {
ProtocolResult {
success: true,
key: None,
transmitted_state: None,
metrics: ProtocolMetrics {
execution_time: Duration::from_millis(100),
key_rate: None,
error_rate: 0.01,
fidelity: 0.99,
throughput: 1.0,
},
security_analysis: SecurityAnalysis {
information_leakage: 0.01,
eavesdropping_detected: false,
security_proof_valid: true,
achieved_security: 128.0,
},
}
}
fn update_statistics(&mut self, result: &ProtocolResult) {
self.statistics.total_protocols += 1;
let success_count = if result.success { 1.0 } else { 0.0 };
self.statistics.success_rate = self
.statistics
.success_rate
.mul_add((self.statistics.total_protocols - 1) as f64, success_count)
/ self.statistics.total_protocols as f64;
if let Some(key_rate) = result.metrics.key_rate {
self.statistics.average_key_rate = self
.statistics
.average_key_rate
.mul_add((self.statistics.total_protocols - 1) as f64, key_rate)
/ self.statistics.total_protocols as f64;
}
self.statistics.average_fidelity = self.statistics.average_fidelity.mul_add(
(self.statistics.total_protocols - 1) as f64,
result.metrics.fidelity,
) / self.statistics.total_protocols as f64;
if result.security_analysis.eavesdropping_detected {
self.statistics.security_violations += 1;
}
}
fn generate_gaussian_random(&self, mean: f64, variance: f64) -> f64 {
let u1 = thread_rng().random::<f64>();
let u2 = thread_rng().random::<f64>();
let z = (-2.0 * u1.ln()).sqrt() * (2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * u2).cos();
variance.sqrt().mul_add(z, mean)
}
pub const fn get_statistics(&self) -> &ProtocolStatistics {
&self.statistics
}
pub fn get_active_protocols(&self) -> Vec<String> {
self.active_protocols.keys().cloned().collect()
}
}
impl Default for PhotonicProtocolEngine {
fn default() -> Self {
Self::new()
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_protocol_engine_creation() {
let engine = PhotonicProtocolEngine::new();
assert_eq!(engine.statistics.total_protocols, 0);
assert_eq!(engine.active_protocols.len(), 0);
}
#[test]
fn test_bb84_protocol() {
let mut engine = PhotonicProtocolEngine::new();
let context = ProtocolContext {
protocol_id: "test_bb84".to_string(),
parties: vec![],
security_params: SecurityParameters {
security_level: 128,
error_tolerance: 0.11,
privacy_amplification: PrivacyAmplificationParams {
hash_family: "SHA256".to_string(),
compression_ratio: 0.5,
rounds: 1,
},
authentication: AuthenticationMethod::Classical {
algorithm: "HMAC".to_string(),
},
},
network_config: NetworkConfiguration {
topology: NetworkTopology::PointToPoint,
channels: vec![],
routing: RoutingConfig {
algorithm: RoutingAlgorithm::ShortestPath,
max_hops: 1,
load_balancing: false,
},
},
start_time: Instant::now(),
};
let result = engine
.execute_protocol(
PhotonicProtocolType::QKD {
variant: QKDVariant::BB84,
},
context,
)
.expect("BB84 protocol execution should succeed");
assert!(result.metrics.fidelity > 0.0);
assert!(result.metrics.execution_time > Duration::ZERO);
}
#[test]
fn test_teleportation_protocol() {
let mut engine = PhotonicProtocolEngine::new();
let context = ProtocolContext {
protocol_id: "test_teleport".to_string(),
parties: vec![],
security_params: SecurityParameters {
security_level: 128,
error_tolerance: 0.05,
privacy_amplification: PrivacyAmplificationParams {
hash_family: "SHA256".to_string(),
compression_ratio: 0.5,
rounds: 1,
},
authentication: AuthenticationMethod::Quantum {
protocol: "QAUTH".to_string(),
},
},
network_config: NetworkConfiguration {
topology: NetworkTopology::PointToPoint,
channels: vec![],
routing: RoutingConfig {
algorithm: RoutingAlgorithm::QuantumAware,
max_hops: 1,
load_balancing: false,
},
},
start_time: Instant::now(),
};
let result = engine
.execute_protocol(PhotonicProtocolType::Teleportation, context)
.expect("teleportation protocol execution should succeed");
assert!(result.success);
assert!(result.transmitted_state.is_some());
assert!(result.metrics.fidelity > 0.9);
}
#[test]
fn test_cvqkd_protocol() {
let mut engine = PhotonicProtocolEngine::new();
let context = ProtocolContext {
protocol_id: "test_cvqkd".to_string(),
parties: vec![],
security_params: SecurityParameters {
security_level: 256,
error_tolerance: 0.05,
privacy_amplification: PrivacyAmplificationParams {
hash_family: "SHA3".to_string(),
compression_ratio: 0.7,
rounds: 2,
},
authentication: AuthenticationMethod::PostQuantum {
algorithm: "Dilithium".to_string(),
},
},
network_config: NetworkConfiguration {
topology: NetworkTopology::PointToPoint,
channels: vec![],
routing: RoutingConfig {
algorithm: RoutingAlgorithm::MinimumLoss,
max_hops: 1,
load_balancing: false,
},
},
start_time: Instant::now(),
};
let result = engine
.execute_protocol(
PhotonicProtocolType::QKD {
variant: QKDVariant::CVQKD {
modulation: CVModulation::Gaussian { variance: 1.0 },
},
},
context,
)
.expect("CV-QKD protocol execution should succeed");
assert!(result.key.is_some());
assert!(result.metrics.key_rate.is_some());
}
}