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// Copyright © 2021 HQS Quantum Simulations GmbH. All Rights Reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the
// License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either
// express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//! qoqo-macros
//!
//! Attribute proc-macros for the traits of qoqo [qoqo].
use proc_macro2::TokenStream;
use quote::{format_ident, quote};
use std::collections::HashSet;
use syn::parse::{Parse, ParseStream};
use syn::punctuated::Punctuated;
use syn::{
parse2, parse_macro_input, DataStruct, DeriveInput, Fields, GenericArgument, Ident, ItemImpl,
ItemStruct, PathArguments, Token, Type, TypePath,
};
mod operate;
// mod operate_unitary;
/// Array of field names that are reserved for use with specific traits
const RESERVED_FIELDS: &[&str; 11] = &[
"qubit",
"control",
"target",
"theta",
"qubits",
"global_phase",
"alpha_r",
"alpha_i",
"beta_r",
"beta_i",
"name",
];
// Struct for parsed derive macro arguments. Used to identify structs belonging to enums
#[derive(Debug)]
struct AttributeMacroArguments(HashSet<String>);
impl AttributeMacroArguments {
pub fn contains(&self, st: &str) -> bool {
self.0.contains(st)
}
pub fn _ids(&self) -> Vec<Ident> {
self.0
.clone()
.into_iter()
.map(|s| format_ident!("Wrap{}", s))
.collect()
}
}
impl Parse for AttributeMacroArguments {
fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> syn::parse::Result<Self> {
// Parse arguments as comma separated list of idents
let arguments = Punctuated::<Ident, Token![,]>::parse_terminated(input)?;
Ok(Self(
arguments.into_iter().map(|id| id.to_string()).collect(),
))
}
}
/// Attribute macro for constructing the pyo3 wrappers for operation structs
#[proc_macro_attribute]
pub fn wrap(
metadata: proc_macro::TokenStream,
input: proc_macro::TokenStream,
) -> proc_macro::TokenStream {
let attribute_arguments = parse_macro_input!(metadata as AttributeMacroArguments);
let input2: TokenStream = input.clone().into();
let parsed_input = parse_macro_input!(input as ItemStruct);
let ident = parsed_input.ident;
let struct_attributes = parsed_input.attrs;
let str_ident = ident.to_string();
let wrapper_ident = format_ident!("{}Wrapper", ident.to_string());
let operate_quote = if attribute_arguments.contains("Operate") {
derive_wrap_operate(input2)
} else {
TokenStream::new()
};
let rotate_quote = if attribute_arguments.contains("Rotate") {
quote! {
/// Returns angle of rotation
pub fn theta(&self) -> CalculatorFloatWrapper{
CalculatorFloatWrapper{cf_internal: self.internal.theta().clone()}
}
/// Returns Rotated gate raised to power
///
/// Args:
/// `power`(CalculatorFloat): exponent of the power operation.
///
/// Returns:
/// Self: gate raised to the power of `power`
///
pub fn powercf(&self, power: CalculatorFloatWrapper) -> Self{
Self{internal: self.internal.powercf(power.cf_internal)}
}
#[cfg(feature = "overrotate")]
/// Returns clone of the gate with one parameter statistically overrotated.
fn overrotate(&self, amplitude: &f64, variance: &f64) -> Self {
Self{internal: self.internal.overrotate(amplitude, variance)}
}
}
} else {
TokenStream::new()
};
let operate_pragma_quote = if attribute_arguments.contains("OperatePragma") {
quote! {}
} else {
TokenStream::new()
};
let operate_pragma_noise_quote = if attribute_arguments.contains("OperatePragmaNoise") {
quote! {
/// Return the superoperator defining the evolution of the density matrix under the noise gate
///
/// Returns:
/// np.ndarray
///
pub fn superoperator(&self) -> PyResult<Py<PyArray2<f64>>>{
Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<Py<PyArray2<f64>>> {
Ok(self.internal.superoperator().unwrap().to_pyarray(py).to_owned())
})
}
/// Return the power of the noise gate
///
/// Args:
/// `power` (CalculatorFloat): exponent in the power operation of the noise gate
///
/// Returns:
/// Self
///
pub fn powercf(&self, power: CalculatorFloatWrapper) -> Self{
Self{internal: self.internal.powercf(power.cf_internal)}
}
}
} else {
TokenStream::new()
};
let operate_pragma_noise_proba_quote =
if attribute_arguments.contains("OperatePragmaNoiseProba") {
quote! {
/// Returns the probability associated with the noise operation
///
/// Returns:
/// CalculatorFloat
pub fn probability(&self) -> CalculatorFloatWrapper{
CalculatorFloatWrapper{cf_internal: self.internal.probability().clone()}
}
}
} else {
TokenStream::new()
};
let operate_single_qubit_quote = if attribute_arguments.contains("OperateSingleQubit") {
quote! {
/// Return the qubit the operation acts on
///
/// Returns:
/// int
pub fn qubit(&self) -> usize{
self.internal.qubit().clone()
}
}
} else {
TokenStream::new()
};
let operate_single_qubit_gate_quote = if attribute_arguments.contains("OperateSingleQubitGate")
{
quote! {
/// Return the global phase :math:`g` of a unitary gate acting on one qubit
///
/// Here global_phase is defined by
///
/// .. math::
/// U =e^{i \cdot g}\begin{pmatrix}
/// \alpha_r+i \alpha_i & -\beta_r+i \beta_i \\\\
/// \beta_r+i \beta_i & \alpha_r-i\alpha_i
/// \end{pmatrix}
///
/// Returns:
/// CalculatorFloat
pub fn global_phase(&self) -> CalculatorFloatWrapper{
CalculatorFloatWrapper{cf_internal: self.internal.global_phase().clone()}
}
/// Return the property alpha_r :math:`\alpha_r` of a unitary gate acting on one qubit
///
/// Here alpha_r is defined by
///
/// .. math::
/// U =e^{i \cdot g}\begin{pmatrix}
/// \alpha_r+i \alpha_i & -\beta_r+i \beta_i \\\\
/// \beta_r+i \beta_i & \alpha_r-i\alpha_i
/// \end{pmatrix}
///
/// Returns:
/// CalculatorFloat
pub fn alpha_r(&self) -> CalculatorFloatWrapper{
CalculatorFloatWrapper{cf_internal: self.internal.alpha_r().clone()}
}
/// Return the property alpha_i :math:`\alpha_i` of a unitary gate acting on one qubit
///
/// .. math::
/// U =e^{i \cdot g}\begin{pmatrix}
/// \alpha_r+i \alpha_i & -\beta_r+i \beta_i \\\\
/// \beta_r+i \beta_i & \alpha_r-i\alpha_i
/// \end{pmatrix}
///
/// Returns:
/// CalculatorFloat
pub fn alpha_i(&self) -> CalculatorFloatWrapper{
CalculatorFloatWrapper{cf_internal: self.internal.alpha_i().clone()}
}
/// Return the property beta_r :math:`\beta_r` of a unitary gate acting on one qubit
///
/// Here beta_r is defined by
///
/// .. math::
/// U =e^{i \cdot g}\begin{pmatrix}
/// \alpha_r+i \alpha_i & -\beta_r+i \beta_i \\\\
/// \beta_r+i \beta_i & \alpha_r-i\alpha_i
/// \end{pmatrix}
///
/// Returns:
/// CalculatorFloat
pub fn beta_r(&self) -> CalculatorFloatWrapper{
CalculatorFloatWrapper{cf_internal: self.internal.beta_r().clone()}
}
/// Returns the property beta_i :math:`\beta_i` of a unitary gate acting on one qubit
///
/// Here beta_i is defined by
///
/// .. math::
/// U =e^{i \cdot g}\begin{pmatrix}
/// \alpha_r+i \alpha_i & -\beta_r+i \beta_i \\\\
/// \beta_r+i \beta_i & \alpha_r-i\alpha_i
/// \end{pmatrix}
///
///
/// Returns:
/// CalculatorFloat
pub fn beta_i(&self) -> CalculatorFloatWrapper{
CalculatorFloatWrapper{cf_internal: self.internal.beta_i().clone()}
}
/// Multiplies two compatible operations implementing OperateSingleQubitGate.
///
/// Does not consume the two operations being multiplied.
/// Only Operations
///
/// Args:
/// `other` - An Operation implementing [OperateSingleQubitGate].
///
/// Returns:
/// PyResult: Result of the multiplication, i.e. the multiplied single qubit gate.
///
/// Example:
/// ```
/// from qoqo.operations import RotateZ, RotateX
///
/// gate1 = RotateZ(qubit=0, theta=1)
/// gate2 = RotateX(qubit=0, theta=1)
/// multiplied = gate1.mul(gate2)
/// print("Multiplied gate: ", multiplied)
/// ```
///
pub fn mul(&self, other: Py<PyAny>) -> PyResult<SingleQubitGateWrapper> {
Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<SingleQubitGateWrapper> {
let other_ref = other.as_ref(py);
let other: Operation = crate::operations::convert_pyany_to_operation(other_ref).map_err(|x| {
pyo3::exceptions::PyTypeError::new_err(format!("Right hand side cannot be converted to Operation {:?}",x))
})?;
let other_converted: SingleQubitGateOperation = other.clone().try_into().map_err(|x| {
pyo3::exceptions::PyRuntimeError::new_err(format!("Conversion to SingleQubitGateOperation failed {:?}",x))
})?;
let multiplied = self.internal.mul(&other_converted).map_err(|x| {
pyo3::exceptions::PyRuntimeError::new_err(format!("Multiplication failed {:?}",x))
})?;
Ok(SingleQubitGateWrapper{ internal: multiplied})
})
}
}
} else {
TokenStream::new()
};
let operate_two_qubit_quote = if attribute_arguments.contains("OperateTwoQubit") {
quote! {
/// Returns contol qubit of the two-qubit operation
pub fn control(&self) -> usize{
self.internal.control().clone()
}
/// Returns target qubit of the two-qubit operation
pub fn target(&self) -> usize{
self.internal.target().clone()
}
}
} else {
TokenStream::new()
};
// let operate_two_qubit_gate_quote = if attribute_arguments.contains("OperateTwoQubitGate") {
// quote! {
// /// Returns kak decomposition of the two-qubit-gate operation
// pub fn kak_decomposition(&self) -> KakDecompositionWrapper {
// KakDecompositionWrapper{internal: self.internal.kak_decomposition().clone()}
// }
// }
// } else {
// TokenStream::new()
// };
let operate_gate_quote = if attribute_arguments.contains("OperateGate") {
quote! {
/// Return unitary matrix of gate.
///
/// Returns:
/// np.ndarray
///
/// Raises:
/// ValueError: Error symbolic operation cannot return float unitary matrix
pub fn unitary_matrix(&self) -> PyResult<Py<PyArray2<Complex64>>>{
Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<Py<PyArray2<Complex64>>> {
Ok(self.internal.unitary_matrix().map_err(|x| PyValueError::new_err(format!("Error symbolic operation cannot return float unitary matrix {:?}",x)))?.to_pyarray(py).to_owned())
})
}
}
} else {
TokenStream::new()
};
let operate_multi_qubit_quote = if attribute_arguments.contains("OperateMultiQubit") {
quote! {
/// Return list of qubits of the multi qubit operation in order of descending significance
///
/// Returns:
/// list[int]
pub fn qubits(&self) -> Vec<usize>{
self.internal.qubits().clone()
}
}
} else {
TokenStream::new()
};
let operate_multi_qubit_gate_quote = if attribute_arguments.contains("OperateMultiQubitGate") {
quote! {
/// Return circuit implementing MultiQubitGateOperation
///
/// Returns:
/// Circuit
pub fn circuit(&self) -> CircuitWrapper{
CircuitWrapper { internal: self.internal.circuit().clone() }
}
}
} else {
TokenStream::new()
};
let define_quote = if attribute_arguments.contains("Define") {
quote! {
/// Return name of definition operation.
///
/// Returns:
/// str
pub fn name(&self) -> String {
self.internal.name().clone()
}
}
} else {
TokenStream::new()
};
let operate_constant_gate_quote = if attribute_arguments.contains("OperateConstantGate") {
quote! {
/// Return inverse of GateOperation:
///
/// Returns:
/// GateOperation
pub fn inverse(&self) -> GateOperationWrapper {
GateOperationWrapper { internal: self.internal.inverse().clone() }
}
}
} else {
TokenStream::new()
};
let msg = format!("Internal storage of {} object", ident);
let q = quote! {
#[automatically_derived]
#[pyclass(name=#str_ident)]
#(#struct_attributes)*
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct #wrapper_ident{
#[doc = #msg]
pub internal: #ident
}
#[automatically_derived]
#[pymethods]
impl #wrapper_ident{
#operate_quote
#operate_single_qubit_quote
#operate_single_qubit_gate_quote
#operate_two_qubit_quote
// #operate_two_qubit_gate_quote
#operate_multi_qubit_quote
#operate_multi_qubit_gate_quote
#operate_gate_quote
#rotate_quote
#operate_pragma_quote
#operate_pragma_noise_quote
#operate_pragma_noise_proba_quote
#define_quote
#operate_constant_gate_quote
fn __format__(&self, _format_spec: &str) -> PyResult<String> {
Ok(format!("{:?}", self.internal))
}
fn __repr__(&self) -> PyResult<String> {
Ok(format!("{:?}", self.internal))
}
/// Returns the __richcmp__ magic method to perform rich comparison
/// operations on Operation.
///
/// Args:
///
/// * `&self` - the OperationWrapper object
/// * `other` - the object to compare self to
/// * `op` - equal or not equal
///
/// Returns:
///
/// `PyResult<bool>` - whether the two operations compared evaluated to True or False
///
fn __richcmp__(&self, other: Py<PyAny>, op: pyo3::class::basic::CompareOp) -> PyResult<bool> {
Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<bool> {
let other_ref = other.as_ref(py);
let other: Operation = crate::operations::convert_pyany_to_operation(other_ref).map_err(|x| {
pyo3::exceptions::PyTypeError::new_err(format!("Right hand side cannot be converted to Operation {:?}",x))
})?;
match op {
pyo3::class::basic::CompareOp::Eq => Ok(Operation::from(self.internal.clone()) == other),
pyo3::class::basic::CompareOp::Ne => Ok(Operation::from(self.internal.clone()) != other),
_ => Err(pyo3::exceptions::PyNotImplementedError::new_err(
"Other comparison not implemented.",
)),
}
})
}
}
};
q.into()
}
fn derive_wrap_operate(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
let parsed_input: DeriveInput = parse2(input).unwrap();
operate::dispatch_struct(parsed_input)
}
/// Macro for injecting code to convert PyAny to Operation
#[proc_macro]
pub fn insert_pyany_to_operation(_input: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenStream {
proc_macro::TokenStream::from(quote! {})
}
/// Macro for injecting code to convert PyAny to Operation
#[proc_macro]
pub fn insert_operation_to_pyobject(_input: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenStream {
proc_macro::TokenStream::from(quote! {})
}
/// Extrats the identifier of fields of a named struct
/// together with the optional cast of the type to string form (where the type is a simple path) and the type as a syn object
fn extract_fields_with_types(ds: DataStruct) -> Vec<(Ident, Option<String>, Type)> {
let fields = match ds {
DataStruct {
fields: Fields::Named(fields),
..
} => fields,
_ => panic!("Trait can only be derived on structs with named fields"),
};
fields.named.into_iter().map(|f| {
let id = f
.ident
.expect("Operate can only be derived on structs with named fields");
let ty = f.ty;
let type_path =match &ty {
Type::Path(TypePath{path:p,..}) => p,
_ => panic!("Trait only supports fields with normal types of form path (e.g. CalculatorFloat, qoqo_calculator::CalculatorFloat)")
};
let mut type_string = match type_path.get_ident(){
Some(ident_path) => Some(ident_path.to_string()),
_ => type_path
.segments
.last().map(|segment|{segment.ident.to_string()})
};
if let Some(ref x) = type_string{
if x.as_str() == "Option"{
let inner_type = match &type_path.segments.iter().next().unwrap().arguments{
PathArguments::AngleBracketed(angle_argumnets) => match angle_argumnets.args.iter().next().unwrap() {
GenericArgument::Type(Type::Path(TypePath{path:innerty,..})) => match innerty.get_ident(){
Some(ident_path) => Some(ident_path.to_string()),
_ =>innerty
.segments
.last().map(|segment|{segment.ident.to_string()})
},
_ => panic!("Expected GenericArgument")
},
_ => panic!("Expected AngleBracketed")
};
if let Some(s) = inner_type { if s.as_str() == "Circuit"{
type_string = Some("Option<Circuit>".to_string())
}}}
}
(id, type_string, ty)
}).collect()
}
// A macro to generate impl Device Wrapper for qoqo devices
#[proc_macro_attribute]
pub fn devicewrapper(
_metadata: proc_macro::TokenStream,
input: proc_macro::TokenStream,
) -> proc_macro::TokenStream {
let parsed_input = parse_macro_input!(input as ItemImpl);
let ident = parsed_input.self_ty;
let items = parsed_input.items;
let q = quote! {
#[pymethods]
impl #ident {
#(#items)*
/// Return number of qubits in device.
///
/// Returns:
/// int: The number of qubits.
///
pub fn number_qubits(&self) -> usize {
self.internal.number_qubits()
}
/// Return the list of pairs of qubits linked by a native two-qubit-gate in the device.
///
/// A pair of qubits is considered linked by a native two-qubit-gate if the device
/// can implement a two-qubit-gate between the two qubits without decomposing it
/// into a sequence of gates that involves a third qubit of the device.
/// The two-qubit-gate also has to form a universal set together with the available
/// single qubit gates.
///
/// The returned vectors is a simple, graph-library independent, representation of
/// the undirected connectivity graph of the device.
/// It can be used to construct the connectivity graph in a graph library of the user's
/// choice from a list of edges and can be used for applications like routing in quantum algorithms.
///
/// Returns:
/// Sequence[(int, int)]: List of two qubit edges in the undirected connectivity graph
///
pub fn two_qubit_edges(&self) -> Vec<(usize, usize)> {
self.internal.two_qubit_edges()
}
/// Returns the gate time of a single qubit operation if the single qubit operation is available on device.
///
/// Args:
/// hqslang[str]: The hqslang name of a single qubit gate.
/// qubit[int]: The qubit the gate acts on
///
/// Returns:
/// Option: Some<f64> for the gate time.
/// Or None if the gate is not available on the device.
///
pub fn single_qubit_gate_time(&self, hqslang: &str, qubit: usize) -> Option<f64> {
self.internal.single_qubit_gate_time(hqslang, &qubit)
}
/// Returns the gate time of a two qubit operation if the two qubit operation is available on device.
///
/// Args:
/// hqslang[str]: The hqslang name of a single qubit gate.
/// control[int]: The control qubit the gate acts on.
/// target[int]: The target qubit the gate acts on.
///
/// Returns:
/// Option: Some<f64> for the gate time.
/// Or None if the gate is not available on the device.
///
pub fn two_qubit_gate_time(&self, hqslang: &str, control: usize, target: usize) -> Option<f64> {
self.internal
.two_qubit_gate_time(hqslang, &control, &target)
}
/// Returns the gate time of a multi qubit operation if the multi qubit operation is available on device.
///
/// Args:
/// hqslang[str]: The hqslang name of a multi qubit gate.
/// qubits[List[int]]: The qubits the gate acts on.
///
/// Returns:
/// Option: Some<f64> for the gate time.
/// Or None if the gate is not available on the device.
///
pub fn multi_qubit_gate_time(&self, hqslang: &str, qubits: Vec<usize>) -> Option<f64> {
self.internal.multi_qubit_gate_time(hqslang, &qubits)
}
/// Function that allows to set one gate time for all qubits per gate for the single-qubit-gates.
///
/// Args:
/// gate[str]: The hqslang name of the single-qubit-gate.
/// gate_time[f64]: Gate time for the given gate type, valid for all qubits in the device.
///
/// Returns:
/// A qoqo Device with updated gate times.
///
pub fn set_all_single_qubit_gate_times(&self, gate: &str, gate_time: f64) -> Self {
Self {
internal: self.internal.clone().set_all_single_qubit_gate_times(gate, gate_time)
}
}
/// Function that allows to set the gate time for the two-qubit-gates
/// considered as connected in the selected device.
///
/// Args:
/// gate[str]: The hqslang name of the two-qubit-gate.
/// gate_time[f64]: Gate time for the given gate, valid for all qubits in the device.
///
/// Returns:
/// A qoqo Device with updated gate times.
///
pub fn set_all_two_qubit_gate_times(&self, gate: &str, gate_time: f64) -> Self {
Self {
internal: self.internal.clone().set_all_two_qubit_gate_times(gate, gate_time)
}
}
/// Function that allows to set the gate time for the multi-qubit-gates in the Device,
/// when applied to any qubits in the device.
///
/// Args:
/// gate[str]: The hqslang name of the multi-qubit-gate.
/// gate_time[f64]: Gate time for the given gate, valid for all qubits in the device.
///
/// Returns:
/// A qoqo Device with updated gate times.
///
pub fn set_all_multi_qubit_gate_times(&self, gate: &str, gate_time: f64) -> Self {
Self {
internal: self.internal.clone().set_all_multi_qubit_gate_times(gate, gate_time)
}
}
/// Returns a copy of the device (copy here produces a deepcopy).
///
/// Returns:
/// A deep copy of self.
///
pub fn __copy__(&self) -> Self {
self.clone()
}
/// Creates deep copy of Device.
///
/// Returns:
/// A deep copy of self.
///
pub fn __deepcopy__(&self, _memodict: Py<PyAny>) -> Self {
self.clone()
}
/// Return the bincode representation of the Device using the bincode crate.
///
/// Returns:
/// ByteArray: The serialized Device (in bincode form).
///
/// Raises:
/// ValueError: Cannot serialize Device to bytes.
///
pub fn to_bincode(&self) -> PyResult<Py<PyByteArray>> {
let serialized = serialize(&self.internal)
.map_err(|_| PyValueError::new_err("Cannot serialize Device to bytes"))?;
let b: Py<PyByteArray> = Python::with_gil(|py| -> Py<PyByteArray> {
PyByteArray::new(py, &serialized[..]).into()
});
Ok(b)
}
/// Return the json representation of the Device.
///
/// Returns:
/// str: The serialized form of Device.
///
/// Raises:
/// ValueError: Cannot serialize Device to json.
///
pub fn to_json(&self) -> PyResult<String> {
let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&self.internal)
.map_err(|_| PyValueError::new_err("Cannot serialize Device to json"))?;
Ok(serialized)
}
/// Convert the bincode representation of the qoqo device to a device using the bincode crate.
///
/// Args:
/// input (ByteArray): The serialized Device (in bincode form).
///
/// Returns:
/// The deserialized Device.
///
/// Raises:
/// TypeError: Input cannot be converted to byte array.
/// ValueError: Input cannot be deserialized to selected Device.
#[classmethod]
pub fn from_bincode(_cls: &PyType, input: &PyAny) -> PyResult<#ident> {
let bytes = input
.extract::<Vec<u8>>()
.map_err(|_| PyTypeError::new_err("Input cannot be converted to byte array"))?;
Ok(#ident {
internal: deserialize(&bytes[..]).map_err(|_| {
PyValueError::new_err("Input cannot be deserialized to selected Device.")
})?,
})
}
/// Convert the json representation of a device to a qoqo device.
///
/// Args:
/// input (str): The serialized device in json form.
///
/// Returns:
/// The deserialized device.
///
/// Raises:
/// ValueError: Input cannot be deserialized to selected Device.
#[classmethod]
pub fn from_json(_cls: &PyType, input: &str) -> PyResult<#ident> {
Ok(#ident {
internal: serde_json::from_str(input).map_err(|_| {
PyValueError::new_err("Input cannot be deserialized to selected Device.")
})?,
})
}
}
};
q.into()
}