[][src]Crate pallet_contracts

Contract Module

The Contract module provides functionality for the runtime to deploy and execute WebAssembly smart-contracts.

Overview

This module extends accounts based on the Currency trait to have smart-contract functionality. It can be used with other modules that implement accounts based on Currency. These "smart-contract accounts" have the ability to instantiate smart-contracts and make calls to other contract and non-contract accounts.

The smart-contract code is stored once in a code_cache, and later retrievable via its code_hash. This means that multiple smart-contracts can be instantiated from the same code_cache, without replicating the code each time.

When a smart-contract is called, its associated code is retrieved via the code hash and gets executed. This call can alter the storage entries of the smart-contract account, instantiate new smart-contracts, or call other smart-contracts.

Finally, when an account is reaped, its associated code and storage of the smart-contract account will also be deleted.

Gas

Senders must specify a gas limit with every call, as all instructions invoked by the smart-contract require gas. Unused gas is refunded after the call, regardless of the execution outcome.

If the gas limit is reached, then all calls and state changes (including balance transfers) are only reverted at the current call's contract level. For example, if contract A calls B and B runs out of gas mid-call, then all of B's calls are reverted. Assuming correct error handling by contract A, A's other calls and state changes still persist.

Notable Scenarios

Contract call failures are not always cascading. When failures occur in a sub-call, they do not "bubble up", and the call will only revert at the specific contract level. For example, if contract A calls contract B, and B fails, A can decide how to handle that failure, either proceeding or reverting A's changes.

Interface

Dispatchable functions

  • put_code - Stores the given binary Wasm code into the chain's storage and returns its code_hash.
  • instantiate - Deploys a new contract from the given code_hash, optionally transferring some balance. This instantiates a new smart contract account and calls its contract deploy handler to initialize the contract.
  • call - Makes a call to an account, optionally transferring some balance.

Usage

The Contract module is a work in progress. The following examples show how this Contract module can be used to instantiate and call contracts.

  • ink is an eDSL that enables writing WebAssembly based smart contracts in the Rust programming language. This is a work in progress.

Macros

convert_args
define_func
gen_signature
gen_signature_dispatch
match_tokens

A simple utility macro that helps to match against a list of tokens.

register_func
unmarshall_then_body_then_marshall

Structs

AccountCounter

The subtrie counter.

CodeStorage

A mapping between an original code hash and instrumented wasm code, ready for execution.

Config

In-memory cache of configuration values.

ContractInfoOf

The code associated with a given account.

DefaultMaxDepth

A reasonable default value for Trait::MaxDepth.

DefaultMaxValueSize

A reasonable default value for Trait::MaxValueSize.

DefaultRentByteFee

A reasonable default value for Trait::RentByteFee.

DefaultRentDepositOffset

A reasonable default value for Trait::RentDepositOffset.

DefaultSignedClaimHandicap

A reasonable default value for [Trait::SignedClaimedHandicap].

DefaultStorageSizeOffset

A reasonable default value for Trait::StorageSizeOffset.

DefaultSurchargeReward

A reasonable default value for Trait::SurchargeReward.

DefaultTombstoneDeposit

A reasonable default value for Trait::TombstoneDeposit.

ExecReturnValue

Output of a contract call or instantiation which ran to completion.

GasMeter
GenesisConfig

Genesis config for the module, allow to build genesis storage.

Module

Contracts module.

PristineCode

A mapping from an original code hash to the original code, untouched by instrumentation.

RawAliveContractInfo

Information for managing an account and its sub trie abstraction. This is the required info to cache for an account.

RawTombstoneContractInfo
Schedule

Definition of the cost schedule and other parameterizations for wasm vm.

SimpleAddressDeterminer

Simple contract address determiner.

TrieIdFromParentCounter

Get trie id from account_id.

Enums

Call

Dispatchable calls.

ContractInfo

Information for managing an account and its sub trie abstraction. This is the required info to cache for an account

Error

Error for the contracts module.

RawEvent

Events for this module.

RuntimeReturnCode

Every error that can be returned to a contract when it calls any of the host functions.

Traits

ContractAddressFor

A function that generates an AccountId for a contract upon instantiation.

Trait
TrieIdGenerator

Get a trie id (trie id must be unique and collision resistant depending upon its context). Note that it is different than encode because trie id should be collision resistant (being a proper unique identifier).

Type Definitions

AliveContractInfo
BalanceOf
CodeHash
Event

RawEvent specialized for the configuration Trait

ExecResult

The result that is returned from contract execution. It either contains the output buffer or an error describing the reason for failure.

Gas
NegativeImbalanceOf
TombstoneContractInfo
TrieId