Crate nom [] [src]

nom, eating data byte by byte

nom is a parser combinator library with a focus on safe parsing, streaming patterns, and as much as possible zero copy.

The code is available on Github

Example

#[macro_use]
extern crate nom;

use nom::{IResult,digit};
use nom::IResult::*;

// Parser definition

use std::str;
use std::str::FromStr;

named!(parens<i64>, delimited!(
    char!('('),
    expr,
    char!(')')
  )
);

named!(i64_digit<i64>,
  map_res!(
    map_res!(
      digit,
      str::from_utf8
    ),
    FromStr::from_str
  )
);

// We transform an integer string into a i64
// we look for a digit suite, and try to convert it.
// if either str::from_utf8 or FromStr::from_str fail,
// the parser will fail
named!(factor<i64>,
  alt!(
    i64_digit
  | parens
  )
);

// we define acc as mutable to update its value whenever a new term is found
named!(term <i64>,
  chain!(
    mut acc: factor  ~
             many0!(
               alt!(
                 tap!(mul: preceded!(tag!("*"), factor) => acc = acc * mul) |
                 tap!(div: preceded!(tag!("/"), factor) => acc = acc / div)
               )
             ),
    || { return acc }
  )
);

named!(expr <i64>,
  chain!(
    mut acc: term  ~
             many0!(
               alt!(
                 tap!(add: preceded!(tag!("+"), term) => acc = acc + add) |
                 tap!(sub: preceded!(tag!("-"), term) => acc = acc - sub)
               )
             ),
    || { return acc }
  )
);

fn main() {
  assert_eq!(expr(b"1+2"),         IResult::Done(&b""[..], 3));
  assert_eq!(expr(b"12+6-4+3"),    IResult::Done(&b""[..], 17));
  assert_eq!(expr(b"1+2*3+4"),     IResult::Done(&b""[..], 11));

  assert_eq!(expr(b"(2)"),         IResult::Done(&b""[..], 2));
  assert_eq!(expr(b"2*(3+4)"),     IResult::Done(&b""[..], 14));
  assert_eq!(expr(b"2*2/(5-1)+3"), IResult::Done(&b""[..], 4));
}

Macros

add_error!

Add an error if the child parser fails

alt!

alt!(I -> IResult<I,O> | I -> IResult<I,O> | ... | I -> IResult<I,O> ) => I -> IResult<I, O> try a list of parsers, return the result of the first successful one

alt_complete!

This is a combination of the alt! and complete! combinators. Rather than returning Incomplete on partial input, alt_complete! will try the next alternative in the chain. You should use this only if you know you will not receive partial input for the rules you're trying to match (this is almost always the case for parsing programming languages).

apply!

emulate function currying: apply!(my_function, arg1, arg2, ...) becomes my_function(input, arg1, arg2, ...)

apply_m!

emulate function currying for method calls on structs apply!(self.my_function, arg1, arg2, ...) becomes self.my_function(input, arg1, arg2, ...)

bits!

bits!( parser ) => ( &[u8], (&[u8], usize) -> IResult<(&[u8], usize), T> ) -> IResult<&[u8], T> transforms its byte slice input in a bit stream for the underlying parsers

call!

Used to wrap common expressions and function as macros

call_m!

Used to called methods then move self back into self

chain!

chain!(I->IResult<I,A> ~ I->IResult<I,B> ~ ... I->IResult<I,X> , || { return O } ) => I -> IResult<I, O> chains parsers and assemble the results through a closure

char!

matches one character: `char!(char) => &[u8] -> IResult<&[u8], char>

closure!

Wraps a parser in a closure

complete!

replaces a Incomplete returned by the child parser with an Error

cond!

cond!(bool, I -> IResult<I,O>) => I -> IResult<I, Option<O>> Conditional combinator

cond_reduce!

cond_reduce!(bool, I -> IResult<I,O>) => I -> IResult<I, O> Conditional combinator with error

consumer_from_parser!
count!

count!(I -> IResult<I,O>, nb) => I -> IResult<I, Vec<O>> Applies the child parser a specified number of times

count_fixed!

count_fixed!(O, I -> IResult<I,O>, nb) => I -> IResult<I, [O; nb]> Applies the child parser a fixed number of times and returns a fixed size array The type must be specified and it must be Copy

dbg!

Prints a message if the parser fails

dbg_dmp!

Prints a message and the input if the parser fails

delimited!

delimited!(I -> IResult<I,T>, I -> IResult<I,O>, I -> IResult<I,U>) => I -> IResult<I, O> delimited(opening, X, closing) returns X

error!

Prevents backtracking if the child parser fails

escaped!

escaped!(&[T] -> IResult<&[T], &[T]>, T, &[T] -> IResult<&[T], &[T]>) => &[T] -> IResult<&[T], &[T]> matches a byte string with escaped characters.

escaped_transform!

escaped_transform!(&[T] -> IResult<&[T], &[T]>, T, &[T] -> IResult<&[T], &[T]>) => &[T] -> IResult<&[T], Vec<T>> matches a byte string with escaped characters.

expr_opt!

expr_opt!(Option<O>) => I -> IResult<I, O> evaluate an expression that returns a Option and returns a IResult::Done(I,T) if Ok

expr_res!

expr_res!(Result<E,O>) => I -> IResult<I, O> evaluate an expression that returns a Result and returns a IResult::Done(I,T) if Ok

fix_error!

translate parser result from IResult to IResult woth a custom type

flat_map!

flat_map!(R -> IResult<R,S>, S -> IResult<S,T>) => R -> IResult<R, T>

i16!

if parameter is true, parse a big endian i16 integer, otherwise a little endian i16 integer

i32!

if parameter is true, parse a big endian i32 integer, otherwise a little endian i32 integer

i64!

if parameter is true, parse a big endian i64 integer, otherwise a little endian i64 integer

is_a!

is_a!(&[T]) => &[T] -> IResult<&[T], &[T]> returns the longest list of bytes that appear in the provided array

is_a_s!

is_a_s!(&str) => &str -> IResult<&str, &str> returns the longest list of characters that appear in the provided array

is_not!

is_not!(&[T:AsBytes]) => &[T] -> IResult<&[T], &[T]> returns the longest list of bytes that do not appear in the provided array

is_not_s!

is_not_s!(&str) => &str -> IResult<&str, &str> returns the longest list of characters that do not appear in the provided array

length_bytes!

`length_bytes!(&[T] -> IResult<&[T], nb>) => &[T] -> IResult<&[T], &[T]> gets a number from the first parser, then extracts that many bytes from the remaining stream

length_value!

length_value!(I -> IResult<I, nb>, I -> IResult<I,O>) => I -> IResult<I, Vec<O>> gets a number from the first parser, then applies the second parser that many times

many0!

many0!(I -> IResult<I,O>) => I -> IResult<I, Vec<O>> Applies the parser 0 or more times and returns the list of results in a Vec

many1!

many1!(I -> IResult<I,O>) => I -> IResult<I, Vec<O>> Applies the parser 1 or more times and returns the list of results in a Vec

many_m_n!

many_m_n!(usize, usize, I -> IResult<I,O>) => I -> IResult<I, Vec<O>> Applies the parser between m and n times (n included) and returns the list of results in a Vec

map!

map!(I -> IResult<I,O>, O -> P) => I -> IResult<I, P> maps a function on the result of a parser

map_opt!

map_opt!(I -> IResult<I,O>, O -> Option<P>) => I -> IResult<I, P> maps a function returning an Option on the output of a parser

map_res!

map_res!(I -> IResult<I,O>, O -> Result<P>) => I -> IResult<I, P> maps a function returning a Result on the output of a parser

method!

Makes a method from a parser combination

named!

Makes a function from a parser combination

none_of!

matches anything but the provided characters

one_of!

matches one of the provided characters

opt!

opt!(I -> IResult<I,O>) => I -> IResult<I, Option<O>> make the underlying parser optional

opt_res!

opt_res!(I -> IResult<I,O>) => I -> IResult<I, Result<nom::Err,O>> make the underlying parser optional

pair!

pair!(I -> IResult<I,O>, I -> IResult<I,P>) => I -> IResult<I, (O,P)> pair(X,Y), returns (x,y)

peek!

peek!(I -> IResult<I,O>) => I -> IResult<I, O> returns a result without consuming the input

preceded!

preceded!(I -> IResult<I,T>, I -> IResult<I,O>) => I -> IResult<I, O> preceded(opening, X) returns X

recognize!

recognize!(&[T] -> IResult<&[T], O> ) => &[T] -> IResult<&[T], &[T]> if the child parser was successful, return the consumed input as produced value

separated_list!

separated_list!(I -> IResult<I,T>, I -> IResult<I,O>) => I -> IResult<I, Vec<O>> separated_list(sep, X) returns Vec

separated_nonempty_list!

separated_nonempty_list!(I -> IResult<I,T>, I -> IResult<I,O>) => I -> IResult<I, Vec<O>> separated_nonempty_list(sep, X) returns Vec

separated_pair!

separated_pair!(I -> IResult<I,O>, I -> IResult<I, T>, I -> IResult<I,P>) => I -> IResult<I, (O,P)> separated_pair(X,sep,Y) returns (x,y)

switch!

switch!(I -> IResult<I,P>, P => I -> IResult<I,O> | ... | P => I -> IResult<I,O> ) => I -> IResult<I, O> choose the next parser depending on the result of the first one, if successful, and returns the result of the second parser

tag!

tag!(&[T]: nom::AsBytes) => &[T] -> IResult<&[T], &[T]> declares a byte array as a suite to recognize

tag_bits!

matches an integer pattern to a bitstream. The number of bits of the input to compare must be specified

tag_s!

tag_s!(&str) => &str -> IResult<&str, &str> declares a string as a suite to recognize

take!

take!(nb) => &[T] -> IResult<&[T], &[T]> generates a parser consuming the specified number of bytes

take_bits!

take_bits!(type, nb) => ( (&[T], usize), U, usize) -> IResult<(&[T], usize), U> generates a parser consuming the specified number of bytes

take_s!

take_s!(nb) => &str -> IResult<&str, &str> generates a parser consuming the specified number of characters

take_str!

take!(nb) => &[T] -> IResult<&[T], &str> same as take! but returning a &str

take_till!

take_till!(T -> bool) => &[T] -> IResult<&[T], &[T]> returns the longest list of bytes until the provided function succeeds

take_till_s!

take_till_s!(&str -> bool) => &str -> IResult<&str, &str> returns the longest list of characters until the provided function succeeds

take_until!

take_until!(tag) => &[T] -> IResult<&[T], &[T]> consumes data until it finds the specified tag

take_until_and_consume!

take_until_and_consume!(tag) => &[T] -> IResult<&[T], &[T]> generates a parser consuming bytes until the specified byte sequence is found, and consumes it

take_until_and_consume_s!

take_until_and_consume_s!(&str) => &str -> IResult<&str, &str> generates a parser consuming all chars until the specified string is found and consumes it

take_until_either!

take_until_either!(tag) => &[T] -> IResult<&[T], &[T]>

take_until_either_and_consume!

take_until_either_and_consume!(tag) => &[T] -> IResult<&[T], &[T]> consumes data until it finds any of the specified characters, and consume it

take_until_s!

take_until_s!(&str) => &str -> IResult<&str, &str> generates a parser consuming all chars until the specified string is found and leaves it in the remaining input

take_while!

take_while!(T -> bool) => &[T] -> IResult<&[T], &[T]> returns the longest list of bytes until the provided function fails.

take_while1!

take_while1!(&[T] -> bool) => &[T] -> IResult<&[T], &[T]> returns the longest (non empty) list of bytes until the provided function fails.

take_while1_s!

take_while1_s!(char -> bool) => &str -> IResult<&str, &str> returns the longest (non empty) list of characters until the provided function fails.

take_while_s!

take_while_s!(char -> bool) => &str -> IResult<&str, &str> returns the longest list of characters until the provided function fails.

tap!

tap!(name: I -> IResult<I,O> => { block }) => I -> IResult<I, O> allows access to the parser's result without affecting it

terminated!

terminated!(I -> IResult<I,O>, I -> IResult<I,T>) => I -> IResult<I, O> terminated(X, closing) returns X

try_parse!

A bit like std::try!, this macro will return the remaining input and parsed value if the child parser returned Done, and will do an early return for Error and Incomplete this can provide more flexibility than chain! if needed

tuple!

tuple!(I->IResult<I,A>, I->IResult<I,B>, ... I->IResult<I,X>) => I -> IResult<I, (A, B, ..., X)> chains parsers and assemble the sub results in a tuple.

u16!

if parameter is true, parse a big endian u16 integer, otherwise a little endian u16 integer

u32!

if parameter is true, parse a big endian u32 integer, otherwise a little endian u32 integer

u64!

if parameter is true, parse a big endian u64 integer, otherwise a little endian u64 integer

value!

value!(T, R -> IResult<R, S> ) => R -> IResult<R, T>

Structs

ChainConsumer

ChainConsumer takes a consumer C1 R -> S, and a consumer C2 S -> T, and makes a consumer R -> T by applying C2 on C1's result

FileProducer
MapConsumer

MapConsumer takes a function S -> T and applies it on a consumer producing values of type S

MemProducer

A MemProducer generates values from an in memory byte buffer

ProducerRepeat

ProducerRepeat takes a single value, and generates it at each step

Enums

ConsumerState

Stores a consumer's current computation state

Err

Contains the error that a parser can return

ErrorKind

indicates which parser returned an error

FileProducerState
IResult

Holds the result of parsing functions

Input
Move
Needed

Contains information on needed data if a parser returned Incomplete

Traits

AsBytes
AsChar
Consumer

The Consumer trait wraps a computation and its state

GetInput
GetOutput
HexDisplay

useful functions to calculate the offset between slices and show a hexdump of a slice

InputLength
IterIndices
Producer

The producer wraps a data source, like file or network, and applies a consumer on it

Functions

add_error_pattern
alpha

Recognizes lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters: a-zA-Z

alphanumeric

Recognizes numerical and alphabetic characters: 0-9a-zA-Z

anychar
be_f32

Recognizes big endian 4 bytes floating point number

be_f64

Recognizes big endian 8 bytes floating point number

be_i16

Recognizes big endian signed 2 bytes integer

be_i32

Recognizes big endian signed 4 bytes integer

be_i64

Recognizes big endian signed 8 bytes integer

be_i8

Recognizes a signed 1 byte integer (equivalent to take!(1)

be_u16

Recognizes big endian unsigned 2 bytes integer

be_u32

Recognizes big endian unsigned 4 bytes integer

be_u64

Recognizes big endian unsigned 8 bytes integer

be_u8

Recognizes an unsigned 1 byte integer (equivalent to take!(1)

begin
code_from_offset
compare_error_paths
crlf
digit

Recognizes numerical characters: 0-9

eof

Recognizes empty input buffers

eol
error_to_list
error_to_u32
generate_colors
hex_digit

Recognizes hexadecimal numerical characters: 0-9, A-F, a-f

hex_u32

Recognizes a hex-encoded integer

is_alphabetic
is_alphanumeric
is_digit
is_hex_digit
is_oct_digit
is_space
le_i16

Recognizes little endian signed 2 bytes integer

le_i32

Recognizes little endian signed 4 bytes integer

le_i64

Recognizes little endian signed 8 bytes integer

le_i8

Recognizes a signed 1 byte integer (equivalent to take!(1)

le_u16

Recognizes little endian unsigned 2 bytes integer

le_u32

Recognizes little endian unsigned 4 bytes integer

le_u64

Recognizes little endian unsigned 8 bytes integer

le_u8

Recognizes an unsigned 1 byte integer (equivalent to take!(1)

length_value
line_ending

Recognizes a line feed

multispace

Recognizes spaces, tabs, carriage returns and line feeds

newline
non_empty

Recognizes non empty buffers

not_line_ending
oct_digit

Recognizes octal characters: 0-7

prepare_errors
print
print_codes
print_error
print_offsets
reset_color
rest

Return the remaining input.

shift
sized_buffer
slice_to_offsets
space

Recognizes spaces and tabs

tab
tag_cl
write_color