Struct malachite_nz::integer::Integer

pub struct Integer { /* private fields */ }

An integer.

Any Integer whose absolute value is small enough to fit into a Limb is represented inline. Only integers outside this range incur the costs of heap-allocation.

Implementations

impl Integer

pub const fn unsigned_abs_ref(&self) -> &Natural

Finds the absolute value of an Integer, taking the Integer by reference and returning a reference to the internal Natural absolute value.

$$ f(x) = |x|. $$

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(*Integer::ZERO.unsigned_abs_ref(), 0);
assert_eq!(*Integer::from(123).unsigned_abs_ref(), 123);
assert_eq!(*Integer::from(-123).unsigned_abs_ref(), 123);

pub fn mutate_unsigned_abs<F: FnOnce(&mut Natural) -> T, T>(
    &mut self,
    f: F
) -> T

Mutates the absolute value of an Integer using a provided closure, and then returns whatever the closure returns.

This function is similar to the unsigned_abs_ref function, which returns a reference to the absolute value. A function that returns a mutable reference would be too dangerous, as it could leave the Integer in an invalid state (specifically, with a negative sign but a zero absolute value). So rather than returning a mutable reference, this function allows mutation of the absolute value using a closure. After the closure executes, this function ensures that the Integer remains valid.

There is only constant time and memory overhead on top of the time and memory used by the closure.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivAssignMod;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Two;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;

let mut n = Integer::from(-123);
let remainder = n.mutate_unsigned_abs(|x| x.div_assign_mod(Natural::TWO));
assert_eq!(n, -61);
assert_eq!(remainder, 1);

let mut n = Integer::from(-123);
n.mutate_unsigned_abs(|x| *x >>= 10);
assert_eq!(n, 0);

impl Integer

pub fn from_sign_and_abs(sign: bool, abs: Natural) -> Integer

Converts a sign and a Natural to an Integer, taking the Natural by value. The Natural becomes the Integer’s absolute value, and the sign indicates whether the Integer should be non-negative. If the Natural is zero, then the Integer will be non-negative regardless of the sign.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;

assert_eq!(Integer::from_sign_and_abs(true, Natural::from(123u32)), 123);
assert_eq!(Integer::from_sign_and_abs(false, Natural::from(123u32)), -123);

pub fn from_sign_and_abs_ref(sign: bool, abs: &Natural) -> Integer

Converts a sign and an Natural to an Integer, taking the Natural by reference. The Natural becomes the Integer’s absolute value, and the sign indicates whether the Integer should be non-negative. If the Natural is zero, then the Integer will be non-negative regardless of the sign.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is abs.significant_bits().

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;

assert_eq!(Integer::from_sign_and_abs_ref(true, &Natural::from(123u32)), 123);
assert_eq!(Integer::from_sign_and_abs_ref(false, &Natural::from(123u32)), -123);

impl Integer

pub fn from_twos_complement_limbs_asc(xs: &[Limb]) -> Integer

Converts a slice of limbs to an Integer, in ascending order, so that less significant limbs have lower indices in the input slice.

The limbs are in two’s complement, and the most significant bit of the limbs indicates the sign; if the bit is zero, the Integer is non-negative, and if the bit is one it is negative. If the slice is empty, zero is returned.

This function borrows a slice. If taking ownership of a Vec is possible instead, from_owned_twos_complement_limbs_asc is more efficient.

This function is more efficient than from_twos_complement_limbs_desc.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is xs.len().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::integers::PrimitiveInt;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::platform::Limb;

if Limb::WIDTH == u32::WIDTH {
    assert_eq!(Integer::from_twos_complement_limbs_asc(&[]), 0);
    assert_eq!(Integer::from_twos_complement_limbs_asc(&[123]), 123);
    assert_eq!(Integer::from_twos_complement_limbs_asc(&[4294967173]), -123);
    // 10^12 = 232 * 2^32 + 3567587328
    assert_eq!(
        Integer::from_twos_complement_limbs_asc(&[3567587328, 232]),
        1000000000000u64
    );
    assert_eq!(
        Integer::from_twos_complement_limbs_asc(&[727379968, 4294967063]),
        -1000000000000i64
    );
}

pub fn from_twos_complement_limbs_desc(xs: &[Limb]) -> Integer

Converts a slice of limbs to an Integer, in descending order, so that less significant limbs have higher indices in the input slice.

The limbs are in two’s complement, and the most significant bit of the limbs indicates the sign; if the bit is zero, the Integer is non-negative, and if the bit is one it is negative. If the slice is empty, zero is returned.

This function borrows a slice. If taking ownership of a Vec is possible instead, from_owned_twos_complement_limbs_desc is more efficient.

This function is less efficient than from_twos_complement_limbs_asc.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is xs.len().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::integers::PrimitiveInt;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::platform::Limb;

if Limb::WIDTH == u32::WIDTH {
    assert_eq!(Integer::from_twos_complement_limbs_desc(&[]), 0);
    assert_eq!(Integer::from_twos_complement_limbs_desc(&[123]), 123);
    assert_eq!(Integer::from_twos_complement_limbs_desc(&[4294967173]), -123);
    // 10^12 = 232 * 2^32 + 3567587328
    assert_eq!(
        Integer::from_twos_complement_limbs_desc(&[232, 3567587328]),
        1000000000000u64
    );
    assert_eq!(
        Integer::from_twos_complement_limbs_desc(&[4294967063, 727379968]),
        -1000000000000i64
    );
}

pub fn from_owned_twos_complement_limbs_asc(xs: Vec<Limb>) -> Integer

Converts a slice of limbs to an Integer, in ascending order, so that less significant limbs have lower indices in the input slice.

The limbs are in two’s complement, and the most significant bit of the limbs indicates the sign; if the bit is zero, the Integer is non-negative, and if the bit is one it is negative. If the slice is empty, zero is returned.

This function takes ownership of a Vec. If it’s necessary to borrow a slice instead, use from_twos_complement_limbs_asc

This function is more efficient than from_owned_twos_complement_limbs_desc.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is xs.len().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::integers::PrimitiveInt;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::platform::Limb;

if Limb::WIDTH == u32::WIDTH {
    assert_eq!(Integer::from_owned_twos_complement_limbs_asc(vec![]), 0);
    assert_eq!(Integer::from_owned_twos_complement_limbs_asc(vec![123]), 123);
    assert_eq!(Integer::from_owned_twos_complement_limbs_asc(vec![4294967173]), -123);
    // 10^12 = 232 * 2^32 + 3567587328
    assert_eq!(
        Integer::from_owned_twos_complement_limbs_asc(vec![3567587328, 232]),
        1000000000000i64
    );
    assert_eq!(
        Integer::from_owned_twos_complement_limbs_asc(vec![727379968, 4294967063]),
        -1000000000000i64
    );
}

pub fn from_owned_twos_complement_limbs_desc(xs: Vec<Limb>) -> Integer

Converts a slice of limbs to an Integer, in descending order, so that less significant limbs have higher indices in the input slice.

The limbs are in two’s complement, and the most significant bit of the limbs indicates the sign; if the bit is zero, the Integer is non-negative, and if the bit is one it is negative. If the slice is empty, zero is returned.

This function takes ownership of a Vec. If it’s necessary to borrow a slice instead, use from_twos_complement_limbs_desc.

This function is less efficient than from_owned_twos_complement_limbs_asc.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is xs.len().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::integers::PrimitiveInt;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::platform::Limb;

if Limb::WIDTH == u32::WIDTH {
    assert_eq!(Integer::from_owned_twos_complement_limbs_desc(vec![]), 0);
    assert_eq!(Integer::from_owned_twos_complement_limbs_desc(vec![123]), 123);
    assert_eq!(Integer::from_owned_twos_complement_limbs_desc(vec![4294967173]), -123);
    // 10^12 = 232 * 2^32 + 3567587328
    assert_eq!(
        Integer::from_owned_twos_complement_limbs_desc(vec![232, 3567587328]),
        1000000000000i64
    );
    assert_eq!(
        Integer::from_owned_twos_complement_limbs_desc(vec![4294967063, 727379968]),
        -1000000000000i64
    );
}

impl Integer

pub fn to_twos_complement_limbs_asc(&self) -> Vec<Limb>

Returns the limbs of an Integer, in ascending order, so that less significant limbs have lower indices in the output vector.

The limbs are in two’s complement, and the most significant bit of the limbs indicates the sign; if the bit is zero, the Integer is positive, and if the bit is one it is negative. There are no trailing zero limbs if the Integer is positive or trailing Limb::MAX limbs if the Integer is negative, except as necessary to include the correct sign bit. Zero is a special case: it contains no limbs.

This function borrows self. If taking ownership of self is possible, into_twos_complement_limbs_asc is more efficient.

This function is more efficient than to_twos_complement_limbs_desc.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::integers::PrimitiveInt;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::platform::Limb;

if Limb::WIDTH == u32::WIDTH {
    assert!(Integer::ZERO.to_twos_complement_limbs_asc().is_empty());
    assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).to_twos_complement_limbs_asc(), &[123]);
    assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123).to_twos_complement_limbs_asc(), &[4294967173]);
    // 10^12 = 232 * 2^32 + 3567587328
    assert_eq!(
        Integer::from(10u32).pow(12).to_twos_complement_limbs_asc(),
        &[3567587328, 232]
    );
    assert_eq!(
        (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).to_twos_complement_limbs_asc(),
        &[727379968, 4294967063]
    );
}

pub fn to_twos_complement_limbs_desc(&self) -> Vec<Limb>

Returns the limbs of an Integer, in descending order, so that less significant limbs have higher indices in the output vector.

The limbs are in two’s complement, and the most significant bit of the limbs indicates the sign; if the bit is zero, the Integer is positive, and if the bit is one it is negative. There are no leading zero limbs if the Integer is non-negative or leading Limb::MAX limbs if the Integer is negative, except as necessary to include the correct sign bit. Zero is a special case: it contains no limbs.

This is similar to how BigIntegers in Java are represented.

This function borrows self. If taking ownership of self is possible, into_twos_complement_limbs_desc is more efficient.

This function is less efficient than to_twos_complement_limbs_asc.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::integers::PrimitiveInt;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::platform::Limb;

if Limb::WIDTH == u32::WIDTH {
    assert!(Integer::ZERO.to_twos_complement_limbs_desc().is_empty());
    assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).to_twos_complement_limbs_desc(), &[123]);
    assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123).to_twos_complement_limbs_desc(), &[4294967173]);
    // 10^12 = 232 * 2^32 + 3567587328
    assert_eq!(
        Integer::from(10u32).pow(12).to_twos_complement_limbs_desc(),
        &[232, 3567587328]
    );
    assert_eq!(
        (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).to_twos_complement_limbs_desc(),
        &[4294967063, 727379968]
    );
}

pub fn into_twos_complement_limbs_asc(self) -> Vec<Limb>

Returns the limbs of an Integer, in ascending order, so that less significant limbs have lower indices in the output vector.

The limbs are in two’s complement, and the most significant bit of the limbs indicates the sign; if the bit is zero, the Integer is positive, and if the bit is one it is negative. There are no trailing zero limbs if the Integer is positive or trailing Limb::MAX limbs if the Integer is negative, except as necessary to include the correct sign bit. Zero is a special case: it contains no limbs.

This function takes ownership of self. If it’s necessary to borrow self instead, use to_twos_complement_limbs_asc.

This function is more efficient than into_twos_complement_limbs_desc.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::integers::PrimitiveInt;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::platform::Limb;

if Limb::WIDTH == u32::WIDTH {
    assert!(Integer::ZERO.into_twos_complement_limbs_asc().is_empty());
    assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).into_twos_complement_limbs_asc(), &[123]);
    assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123).into_twos_complement_limbs_asc(), &[4294967173]);
    // 10^12 = 232 * 2^32 + 3567587328
    assert_eq!(
        Integer::from(10u32).pow(12).into_twos_complement_limbs_asc(),
        &[3567587328, 232]
    );
    assert_eq!(
        (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).into_twos_complement_limbs_asc(),
        &[727379968, 4294967063]
    );
}

pub fn into_twos_complement_limbs_desc(self) -> Vec<Limb>

Returns the limbs of an Integer, in descending order, so that less significant limbs have higher indices in the output vector.

The limbs are in two’s complement, and the most significant bit of the limbs indicates the sign; if the bit is zero, the Integer is positive, and if the bit is one it is negative. There are no leading zero limbs if the Integer is non-negative or leading Limb::MAX limbs if the Integer is negative, except as necessary to include the correct sign bit. Zero is a special case: it contains no limbs.

This is similar to how BigIntegers in Java are represented.

This function takes ownership of self. If it’s necessary to borrow self instead, use to_twos_complement_limbs_desc.

This function is less efficient than into_twos_complement_limbs_asc.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::integers::PrimitiveInt;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::platform::Limb;

if Limb::WIDTH == u32::WIDTH {
    assert!(Integer::ZERO.into_twos_complement_limbs_desc().is_empty());
    assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).into_twos_complement_limbs_desc(), &[123]);
    assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123).into_twos_complement_limbs_desc(), &[4294967173]);
    // 10^12 = 232 * 2^32 + 3567587328
    assert_eq!(
        Integer::from(10u32).pow(12).into_twos_complement_limbs_desc(),
        &[232, 3567587328]
    );
    assert_eq!(
        (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).into_twos_complement_limbs_desc(),
        &[4294967063, 727379968]
    );
}

pub fn twos_complement_limbs(&self) -> TwosComplementLimbIterator<'_>

Returns a double-ended iterator over the twos-complement limbs of an Integer.

The forward order is ascending, so that less significant limbs appear first. There may be a most-significant sign-extension limb.

If it’s necessary to get a Vec of all the twos_complement limbs, consider using to_twos_complement_limbs_asc, to_twos_complement_limbs_desc, into_twos_complement_limbs_asc, or into_twos_complement_limbs_desc instead.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate itertools;
extern crate malachite_base;

use itertools::Itertools;
use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::integers::PrimitiveInt;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::platform::Limb;

if Limb::WIDTH == u32::WIDTH {
    assert!(Integer::ZERO.twos_complement_limbs().next().is_none());
    assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).twos_complement_limbs().collect_vec(), &[123]);
    assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123).twos_complement_limbs().collect_vec(), &[4294967173]);
    // 10^12 = 232 * 2^32 + 3567587328
    assert_eq!(
        Integer::from(10u32).pow(12).twos_complement_limbs().collect_vec(),
        &[3567587328, 232]
    );
    // Sign-extension for a non-negative `Integer`
    assert_eq!(
        Integer::from(4294967295i64).twos_complement_limbs().collect_vec(),
        &[4294967295, 0]
    );
    assert_eq!(
        (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).twos_complement_limbs().collect_vec(),
        &[727379968, 4294967063]
    );
    // Sign-extension for a negative `Integer`
    assert_eq!(
        (-Integer::from(4294967295i64)).twos_complement_limbs().collect_vec(),
        &[1, 4294967295]
    );

    assert!(Integer::ZERO.twos_complement_limbs().rev().next().is_none());
    assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).twos_complement_limbs().rev().collect_vec(), &[123]);
    assert_eq!(
        Integer::from(-123).twos_complement_limbs().rev().collect_vec(),
        &[4294967173]
    );
    // 10^12 = 232 * 2^32 + 3567587328
    assert_eq!(
        Integer::from(10u32).pow(12).twos_complement_limbs().rev().collect_vec(),
        &[232, 3567587328]
    );
    // Sign-extension for a non-negative `Integer`
    assert_eq!(
        Integer::from(4294967295i64).twos_complement_limbs().rev().collect_vec(),
        &[0, 4294967295]
    );
    assert_eq!(
        (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).twos_complement_limbs().rev().collect_vec(),
        &[4294967063, 727379968]
    );
    // Sign-extension for a negative `Integer`
    assert_eq!(
        (-Integer::from(4294967295i64)).twos_complement_limbs().rev().collect_vec(),
        &[4294967295, 1]
    );
}

impl Integer

pub fn checked_count_ones(&self) -> Option<u64>

Counts the number of ones in the binary expansion of an Integer. If the Integer is negative, then the number of ones is infinite, so None is returned.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.checked_count_ones(), Some(0));
// 105 = 1101001b
assert_eq!(Integer::from(105).checked_count_ones(), Some(4));
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-105).checked_count_ones(), None);
// 10^12 = 1110100011010100101001010001000000000000b
assert_eq!(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12).checked_count_ones(), Some(13));

impl Integer

pub fn checked_count_zeros(&self) -> Option<u64>

Counts the number of zeros in the binary expansion of an Integer. If the Integer is non-negative, then the number of zeros is infinite, so None is returned.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.checked_count_zeros(), None);
// -105 = 10010111 in two's complement
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-105).checked_count_zeros(), Some(3));
assert_eq!(Integer::from(105).checked_count_zeros(), None);
// -10^12 = 10001011100101011010110101111000000000000 in two's complement
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).checked_count_zeros(), Some(24));

impl Integer

pub fn trailing_zeros(&self) -> Option<u64>

Returns the number of trailing zeros in the binary expansion of an Integer (equivalently, the multiplicity of 2 in its prime factorization), or None is the Integer is 0.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.trailing_zeros(), None);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(3).trailing_zeros(), Some(0));
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-72).trailing_zeros(), Some(3));
assert_eq!(Integer::from(100).trailing_zeros(), Some(2));
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).trailing_zeros(), Some(12));

Trait Implementations

impl Abs for Integer

fn abs(self) -> Integer

Takes the absolute value of an Integer, taking the Integer by value.

$$ f(x) = |x|. $$

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Abs;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.abs(), 0);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).abs(), 123);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123).abs(), 123);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> Abs for &'a Integer

fn abs(self) -> Integer

Takes the absolute value of an Integer, taking the Integer by reference.

$$ f(x) = |x|. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Abs;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!((&Integer::ZERO).abs(), 0);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(123)).abs(), 123);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-123)).abs(), 123);

type Output = Integer

impl AbsAssign for Integer

fn abs_assign(&mut self)

Replaces an Integer with its absolute value.

$$ x \gets |x|. $$

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::AbsAssign;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::ZERO;
x.abs_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 0);

let mut x = Integer::from(123);
x.abs_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 123);

let mut x = Integer::from(-123);
x.abs_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 123);

impl<'a> Add<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn add(self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Adds two Integers, taking the first by reference and the second by value.

$$ f(x, y) = x + y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO + &Integer::from(123), 123);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123) + &Integer::ZERO, -123);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123) + &Integer::from(456), 333);
assert_eq!(
    -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) + &(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) << 1),
    1000000000000u64
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

impl<'a, 'b> Add<&'a Integer> for &'b Integer

fn add(self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Adds two Integers, taking both by reference.

$$ f(x, y) = x + y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(&Integer::ZERO + &Integer::from(123), 123);
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(-123) + &Integer::ZERO, -123);
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(-123) + &Integer::from(456), 333);
assert_eq!(
    &-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) + &(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) << 1),
    1000000000000u64
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

impl Add<Integer> for Integer

fn add(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Adds two Integers, taking both by value.

$$ f(x, y) = x + y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$ (only if the underlying Vec needs to reallocate)

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is min(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO + Integer::from(123), 123);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123) + Integer::ZERO, -123);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123) + Integer::from(456), 333);
assert_eq!(
    -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) + (Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) << 1),
    1000000000000u64
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

impl<'a> Add<Integer> for &'a Integer

fn add(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Adds two Integers, taking the first by value and the second by reference.

$$ f(x, y) = x + y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(&Integer::ZERO + Integer::from(123), 123);
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(-123) + Integer::ZERO, -123);
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(-123) + Integer::from(456), 333);
assert_eq!(
    &-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) + (Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) << 1),
    1000000000000u64
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

impl<'a> AddAssign<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn add_assign(&mut self, other: &'a Integer)

Adds an Integer to an Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by reference.

$$ x \gets x + y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::ZERO;
x += &(-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12));
x += &(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) * Integer::from(2u32));
x += &(-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) * Integer::from(3u32));
x += &(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) * Integer::from(4u32));
assert_eq!(x, 2000000000000u64);

impl AddAssign<Integer> for Integer

fn add_assign(&mut self, other: Integer)

Adds an Integer to an Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by value.

$$ x \gets x + y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$ (only if the underlying Vec needs to reallocate)

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is min(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::ZERO;
x += -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12);
x += Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) * Integer::from(2u32);
x += -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) * Integer::from(3u32);
x += Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) * Integer::from(4u32);
assert_eq!(x, 2000000000000u64);

impl<'a, 'b> AddMul<&'a Integer, &'b Integer> for Integer

fn add_mul(self, y: &'a Integer, z: &'b Integer) -> Integer

Adds an Integer and the product of two other Integers, taking the first by value and the second and third by reference.

$f(x, y, z) = x + yz$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m + n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(y.significant_bits(), z.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{AddMul, Pow};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(10u32).add_mul(&Integer::from(3u32), &Integer::from(4u32)), 22);
assert_eq!(
    (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12))
            .add_mul(&Integer::from(0x10000), &-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)),
    -65537000000000000i64
);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a, 'b, 'c> AddMul<&'a Integer, &'b Integer> for &'c Integer

fn add_mul(self, y: &'a Integer, z: &'b Integer) -> Integer

Adds an Integer and the product of two other Integers, taking all three by reference.

$f(x, y, z) = x + yz$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m + n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n, m) = O(m + n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(y.significant_bits(), z.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{AddMul, Pow};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(10u32)).add_mul(&Integer::from(3u32), &Integer::from(4u32)),
    22
);
assert_eq!(
    (&-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12))
            .add_mul(&Integer::from(0x10000), &-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)),
    -65537000000000000i64
);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> AddMul<&'a Integer, Integer> for Integer

fn add_mul(self, y: &'a Integer, z: Integer) -> Integer

Adds an Integer and the product of two other Integers, taking the first and third by value and the second by reference.

$f(x, y, z) = x + yz$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m + n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(y.significant_bits(), z.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{AddMul, Pow};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(10u32).add_mul(&Integer::from(3u32), Integer::from(4u32)), 22);
assert_eq!(
    (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12))
            .add_mul(&Integer::from(0x10000), -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)),
    -65537000000000000i64
);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> AddMul<Integer, &'a Integer> for Integer

fn add_mul(self, y: Integer, z: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Adds an Integer and the product of two other Integers, taking the first two by value and the third by reference.

$f(x, y, z) = x + yz$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m + n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(y.significant_bits(), z.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{AddMul, Pow};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(10u32).add_mul(Integer::from(3u32), &Integer::from(4u32)), 22);
assert_eq!(
    (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12))
            .add_mul(Integer::from(0x10000), &-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)),
    -65537000000000000i64
);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> AddMul<Integer, Integer> for Integer

fn add_mul(self, y: Integer, z: Integer) -> Integer

Adds an Integer and the product of two other Integers, taking all three by value.

$f(x, y, z) = x + yz$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m + n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(y.significant_bits(), z.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{AddMul, Pow};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(10u32).add_mul(Integer::from(3u32), Integer::from(4u32)), 22);
assert_eq!(
    (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12))
            .add_mul(Integer::from(0x10000), -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)),
    -65537000000000000i64
);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a, 'b> AddMulAssign<&'a Integer, &'b Integer> for Integer

fn add_mul_assign(&mut self, y: &'a Integer, z: &'b Integer)

Adds the product of two other Integers to an Integer in place, taking both Integers on the right-hand side by reference.

$x \gets x + yz$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m + n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(y.significant_bits(), z.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{AddMulAssign, Pow};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::from(10u32);
x.add_mul_assign(&Integer::from(3u32), &Integer::from(4u32));
assert_eq!(x, 22);

let mut x = -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12);
x.add_mul_assign(&Integer::from(0x10000), &-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12));
assert_eq!(x, -65537000000000000i64);

impl<'a> AddMulAssign<&'a Integer, Integer> for Integer

fn add_mul_assign(&mut self, y: &'a Integer, z: Integer)

Adds the product of two other Integers to an Integer in place, taking the first Integer on the right-hand side by reference and the second by value.

$x \gets x + yz$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m + n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(y.significant_bits(), z.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{AddMulAssign, Pow};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::from(10u32);
x.add_mul_assign(&Integer::from(3u32), Integer::from(4u32));
assert_eq!(x, 22);

let mut x = -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12);
x.add_mul_assign(&Integer::from(0x10000), -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12));
assert_eq!(x, -65537000000000000i64);

impl<'a> AddMulAssign<Integer, &'a Integer> for Integer

fn add_mul_assign(&mut self, y: Integer, z: &'a Integer)

Adds the product of two other Integers to an Integer in place, taking the first Integer on the right-hand side by value and the second by reference.

$x \gets x + yz$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m + n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(y.significant_bits(), z.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{AddMulAssign, Pow};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::from(10u32);
x.add_mul_assign(Integer::from(3u32), &Integer::from(4u32));
assert_eq!(x, 22);

let mut x = -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12);
x.add_mul_assign(Integer::from(0x10000), &-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12));
assert_eq!(x, -65537000000000000i64);

impl AddMulAssign<Integer, Integer> for Integer

fn add_mul_assign(&mut self, y: Integer, z: Integer)

Adds the product of two other Integers to an Integer in place, taking both Integers on the right-hand side by value.

$x \gets x + yz$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m + n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(y.significant_bits(), z.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{AddMulAssign, Pow};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::from(10u32);
x.add_mul_assign(Integer::from(3u32), Integer::from(4u32));
assert_eq!(x, 22);

let mut x = -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12);
x.add_mul_assign(Integer::from(0x10000), -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12));
assert_eq!(x, -65537000000000000i64);

impl Binary for Integer

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Converts an Integer to a binary String.

Using the # format flag prepends "0b" to the string.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_base::strings::ToBinaryString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.to_binary_string(), "0");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).to_binary_string(), "1111011");
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("1000000000000")
        .unwrap()
        .to_binary_string(),
    "1110100011010100101001010001000000000000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:011b}", Integer::from(123)), "00001111011");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123).to_binary_string(), "-1111011");
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("-1000000000000")
        .unwrap()
        .to_binary_string(),
    "-1110100011010100101001010001000000000000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:011b}", Integer::from(-123)), "-0001111011");

assert_eq!(format!("{:#b}", Integer::ZERO), "0b0");
assert_eq!(format!("{:#b}", Integer::from(123)), "0b1111011");
assert_eq!(
    format!("{:#b}", Integer::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()),
    "0b1110100011010100101001010001000000000000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:#011b}", Integer::from(123)), "0b001111011");
assert_eq!(format!("{:#b}", Integer::from(-123)), "-0b1111011");
assert_eq!(
    format!("{:#b}", Integer::from_str("-1000000000000").unwrap()),
    "-0b1110100011010100101001010001000000000000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:#011b}", Integer::from(-123)), "-0b01111011");

impl BitAccess for Integer

Provides functions for accessing and modifying the $i$th bit of a Integer, or the coefficient of $2^i$ in its two’s complement binary expansion.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::logic::traits::BitAccess;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::{NegativeOne, Zero};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::ZERO;
x.assign_bit(2, true);
x.assign_bit(5, true);
x.assign_bit(6, true);
assert_eq!(x, 100);
x.assign_bit(2, false);
x.assign_bit(5, false);
x.assign_bit(6, false);
assert_eq!(x, 0);

let mut x = Integer::from(-0x100);
x.assign_bit(2, true);
x.assign_bit(5, true);
x.assign_bit(6, true);
assert_eq!(x, -156);
x.assign_bit(2, false);
x.assign_bit(5, false);
x.assign_bit(6, false);
assert_eq!(x, -256);

let mut x = Integer::ZERO;
x.flip_bit(10);
assert_eq!(x, 1024);
x.flip_bit(10);
assert_eq!(x, 0);

let mut x = Integer::NEGATIVE_ONE;
x.flip_bit(10);
assert_eq!(x, -1025);
x.flip_bit(10);
assert_eq!(x, -1);

fn get_bit(&self, index: u64) -> bool

Determines whether the $i$th bit of an Integer, or the coefficient of $2^i$ in its two’s complement binary expansion, is 0 or 1.

false means 0 and true means 1. Getting bits beyond the Integer’s width is allowed; those bits are false if the Integer is non-negative and true if it is negative.

If $n \geq 0$, let $$ n = \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{b_i}; $$ but if $n < 0$, let $$ -n - 1 = \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{1 - b_i}, $$ where for all $i$, $b_i\in \{0, 1\}$.

$f(n, i) = (b_i = 1)$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::logic::traits::BitAccess;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).get_bit(2), false);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).get_bit(3), true);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).get_bit(100), false);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123).get_bit(0), true);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123).get_bit(1), false);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123).get_bit(100), true);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12).get_bit(12), true);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12).get_bit(100), false);
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).get_bit(12), true);
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).get_bit(100), true);

fn set_bit(&mut self, index: u64)

Sets the $i$th bit of an Integer, or the coefficient of $2^i$ in its two’s complement binary expansion, to 1.

If $n \geq 0$, let $$ n = \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{b_i}; $$ but if $n < 0$, let $$ -n - 1 = \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{1 - b_i}, $$ where for all $i$, $b_i\in \{0, 1\}$. $$ n \gets \begin{cases} n + 2^j & \text{if} \quad b_j = 0, \\ n & \text{otherwise}. \end{cases} $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is index.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::logic::traits::BitAccess;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::ZERO;
x.set_bit(2);
x.set_bit(5);
x.set_bit(6);
assert_eq!(x, 100);

let mut x = Integer::from(-0x100);
x.set_bit(2);
x.set_bit(5);
x.set_bit(6);
assert_eq!(x, -156);

fn clear_bit(&mut self, index: u64)

Sets the $i$th bit of an Integer, or the coefficient of $2^i$ in its binary expansion, to 0.

If $n \geq 0$, let $$ n = \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{b_i}; $$ but if $n < 0$, let $$ -n - 1 = \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{1 - b_i}, $$ where for all $i$, $b_i\in \{0, 1\}$. $$ n \gets \begin{cases} n - 2^j & \text{if} \quad b_j = 1, \\ n & \text{otherwise}. \end{cases} $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is index.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::logic::traits::BitAccess;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::from(0x7f);
x.clear_bit(0);
x.clear_bit(1);
x.clear_bit(3);
x.clear_bit(4);
assert_eq!(x, 100);

let mut x = Integer::from(-156);
x.clear_bit(2);
x.clear_bit(5);
x.clear_bit(6);
assert_eq!(x, -256);

fn assign_bit(&mut self, index: u64, bit: bool)

Sets the bit at index to whichever value bit is.

fn flip_bit(&mut self, index: u64)

Sets the bit at index to the opposite of its original value.

impl<'a> BitAnd<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn bitand(self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Takes the bitwise and of two Integers, taking the first by value and the second by reference.

$$ f(x, y) = x \wedge y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(m) = O(m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()), and $m$ is other.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::One;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123) & &Integer::from(-456), -512);
assert_eq!(
    -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) & &-(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) + Integer::ONE),
    -1000000004096i64
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the & operator.

impl<'a, 'b> BitAnd<&'a Integer> for &'b Integer

fn bitand(self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Takes the bitwise and of two Integers, taking both by reference.

$$ f(x, y) = x \wedge y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::One;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(&Integer::from(-123) & &Integer::from(-456), -512);
assert_eq!(
    &-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) & &-(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) + Integer::ONE),
    -1000000004096i64
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the & operator.

impl BitAnd<Integer> for Integer

fn bitand(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Takes the bitwise and of two Integers, taking both by value.

$$ f(x, y) = x \wedge y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::One;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123) & Integer::from(-456), -512);
assert_eq!(
    -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) & -(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) + Integer::ONE),
    -1000000004096i64
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the & operator.

impl<'a> BitAnd<Integer> for &'a Integer

fn bitand(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Takes the bitwise and of two Integers, taking the first by reference and the seocnd by value.

$$ f(x, y) = x \wedge y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(m) = O(m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::One;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(&Integer::from(-123) & Integer::from(-456), -512);
assert_eq!(
    &-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) & -(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) + Integer::ONE),
    -1000000004096i64
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the & operator.

impl<'a> BitAndAssign<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn bitand_assign(&mut self, other: &'a Integer)

Bitwise-ands an Integer with another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by reference.

$$ x \gets x \wedge y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(m) = O(m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()), and $m$ is other.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::NegativeOne;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::NEGATIVE_ONE;
x &= &Integer::from(0x70ffffff);
x &= &Integer::from(0x7ff0_ffff);
x &= &Integer::from(0x7ffff0ff);
x &= &Integer::from(0x7ffffff0);
assert_eq!(x, 0x70f0f0f0);

impl BitAndAssign<Integer> for Integer

fn bitand_assign(&mut self, other: Integer)

Bitwise-ands an Integer with another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by value.

$$ x \gets x \wedge y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::NegativeOne;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::NEGATIVE_ONE;
x &= Integer::from(0x70ffffff);
x &= Integer::from(0x7ff0_ffff);
x &= Integer::from(0x7ffff0ff);
x &= Integer::from(0x7ffffff0);
assert_eq!(x, 0x70f0f0f0);

impl BitBlockAccess for Integer

fn get_bits(&self, start: u64, end: u64) -> Natural

Extracts a block of adjacent two’s complement bits from an Integer, taking the Integer by reference.

The first index is start and last index is end - 1.

Let $n$ be self, and let $p$ and $q$ be start and end, respectively.

If $n \geq 0$, let $$ n = \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{b_i}; $$ but if $n < 0$, let $$ -n - 1 = \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{1 - b_i}, $$ where for all $i$, $b_i\in \{0, 1\}$. Then $$ f(n, p, q) = \sum_{i=p}^{q-1} 2^{b_{i-p}}. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), end).

Panics

Panics if start > end.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_base::num::logic::traits::BitBlockAccess;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(
    (-Natural::from(0xabcdef0112345678u64)).get_bits(16, 48),
    Natural::from(0x10feedcbu32)
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(0xabcdef0112345678u64).get_bits(4, 16),
    Natural::from(0x567u32)
);
assert_eq!(
    (-Natural::from(0xabcdef0112345678u64)).get_bits(0, 100),
    Natural::from_str("1267650600215849587758112418184").unwrap()
);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(0xabcdef0112345678u64).get_bits(10, 10), Natural::ZERO);

fn get_bits_owned(self, start: u64, end: u64) -> Natural

Extracts a block of adjacent two’s complement bits from an Integer, taking the Integer by value.

The first index is start and last index is end - 1.

Let $n$ be self, and let $p$ and $q$ be start and end, respectively.

If $n \geq 0$, let $$ n = \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{b_i}; $$ but if $n < 0$, let $$ -n - 1 = \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{1 - b_i}, $$ where for all $i$, $b_i\in \{0, 1\}$. Then $$ f(n, p, q) = \sum_{i=p}^{q-1} 2^{b_{i-p}}. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), end).

Panics

Panics if start > end.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_base::num::logic::traits::BitBlockAccess;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(
    (-Natural::from(0xabcdef0112345678u64)).get_bits_owned(16, 48),
    Natural::from(0x10feedcbu32)
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(0xabcdef0112345678u64).get_bits_owned(4, 16),
    Natural::from(0x567u32)
);
assert_eq!(
    (-Natural::from(0xabcdef0112345678u64)).get_bits_owned(0, 100),
    Natural::from_str("1267650600215849587758112418184").unwrap()
);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(0xabcdef0112345678u64).get_bits_owned(10, 10), Natural::ZERO);

fn assign_bits(&mut self, start: u64, end: u64, bits: &Natural)

Replaces a block of adjacent two’s complement bits in an Integer with other bits.

The least-significant end - start bits of bits are assigned to bits start through end - 1, inclusive, of self.

Let $n$ be self and let $m$ be bits, and let $p$ and $q$ be start and end, respectively.

Let $$ m = \sum_{i=0}^k 2^{d_i}, $$ where for all $i$, $d_i\in \{0, 1\}$.

If $n \geq 0$, let $$ n = \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{b_i}; $$ but if $n < 0$, let $$ -n - 1 = \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{1 - b_i}, $$ where for all $i$, $b_i\in \{0, 1\}$. Then $$ n \gets \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{c_i}, $$ where $$ \{c_0, c_1, c_2, \ldots \} = \{b_0, b_1, b_2, \ldots, b_{p-1}, d_0, d_1, \ldots, d_{p-q-1}, b_q, b_{q+1}, \ldots \}. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(m) = O(m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), end), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if start > end.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::logic::traits::BitBlockAccess;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;

let mut n = Integer::from(123);
n.assign_bits(5, 7, &Natural::from(456u32));
assert_eq!(n.to_string(), "27");

let mut n = Integer::from(-123);
n.assign_bits(64, 128, &Natural::from(456u32));
assert_eq!(n.to_string(), "-340282366920938455033212565746503123067");

let mut n = Integer::from(-123);
n.assign_bits(80, 100, &Natural::from(456u32));
assert_eq!(n.to_string(), "-1267098121128665515963862483067");

type Bits = Natural

impl BitConvertible for Integer

fn to_bits_asc(&self) -> Vec<bool>

Returns a Vec containing the twos-complement bits of an Integer in ascending order: least- to most-significant.

The most significant bit indicates the sign; if the bit is false, the Integer is positive, and if the bit is true it is negative. There are no trailing false bits if the Integer is positive or trailing true bits if the Integer is negative, except as necessary to include the correct sign bit. Zero is a special case: it contains no bits.

This function is more efficient than to_bits_desc.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::logic::traits::BitConvertible;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert!(Integer::ZERO.to_bits_asc().is_empty());
// 105 = 01101001b, with a leading false bit to indicate sign
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(105).to_bits_asc(),
    &[true, false, false, true, false, true, true, false]
);
// -105 = 10010111 in two's complement, with a leading true bit to indicate sign
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-105).to_bits_asc(),
    &[true, true, true, false, true, false, false, true]
);

fn to_bits_desc(&self) -> Vec<bool>

Returns a Vec containing the twos-complement bits of an Integer in descending order: most- to least-significant.

The most significant bit indicates the sign; if the bit is false, the Integer is positive, and if the bit is true it is negative. There are no leading false bits if the Integer is positive or leading true bits if the Integer is negative, except as necessary to include the correct sign bit. Zero is a special case: it contains no bits.

This is similar to how BigIntegers in Java are represented.

This function is less efficient than to_bits_asc.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::logic::traits::BitConvertible;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert!(Integer::ZERO.to_bits_desc().is_empty());
// 105 = 01101001b, with a leading false bit to indicate sign
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(105).to_bits_desc(),
    &[false, true, true, false, true, false, false, true]
);
// -105 = 10010111 in two's complement, with a leading true bit to indicate sign
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-105).to_bits_desc(),
    &[true, false, false, true, false, true, true, true]
);

fn from_bits_asc<I: Iterator<Item = bool>>(xs: I) -> Integer

Converts an iterator of twos-complement bits into an Integer. The bits should be in ascending order (least- to most-significant).

Let $k$ be bits.count(). If $k = 0$ or $b_{k-1}$ is false, then $$ f((b_i)_ {i=0}^{k-1}) = \sum_{i=0}^{k-1}2^i [b_i], $$ where braces denote the Iverson bracket, which converts a bit to 0 or 1.

If $b_{k-1}$ is true, then $$ f((b_i)_ {i=0}^{k-1}) = \left ( \sum_{i=0}^{k-1}2^i [b_i] \right ) - 2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is xs.count().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::logic::traits::BitConvertible;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::iter::empty;

assert_eq!(Integer::from_bits_asc(empty()), 0);
// 105 = 1101001b
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_bits_asc(
        [true, false, false, true, false, true, true, false].iter().cloned()
    ),
    105
);
// -105 = 10010111 in two's complement, with a leading true bit to indicate sign
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_bits_asc(
        [true, true, true, false, true, false, false, true].iter().cloned()
    ),
    -105
);

fn from_bits_desc<I: Iterator<Item = bool>>(xs: I) -> Integer

Converts an iterator of twos-complement bits into an Integer. The bits should be in descending order (most- to least-significant).

If bits is empty or $b_0$ is false, then $$ f((b_i)_ {i=0}^{k-1}) = \sum_{i=0}^{k-1}2^{k-i-1} [b_i], $$ where braces denote the Iverson bracket, which converts a bit to 0 or 1.

If $b_0$ is true, then $$ f((b_i)_ {i=0}^{k-1}) = \left ( \sum_{i=0}^{k-1}2^{k-i-1} [b_i] \right ) - 2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is xs.count().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::logic::traits::BitConvertible;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::iter::empty;

assert_eq!(Integer::from_bits_desc(empty()), 0);
// 105 = 1101001b
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_bits_desc(
        [false, true, true, false, true, false, false, true].iter().cloned()
    ),
    105
);
// -105 = 10010111 in two's complement, with a leading true bit to indicate sign
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_bits_desc(
        [true, false, false, true, false, true, true, true].iter().cloned()
    ),
    -105
);

impl<'a> BitIterable for &'a Integer

fn bits(self) -> IntegerBitIterator<'a>

Returns a double-ended iterator over the bits of an Integer.

The forward order is ascending, so that less significant bits appear first. There are no trailing false bits going forward, or leading falses going backward, except for possibly a most-significant sign-extension bit.

If it’s necessary to get a Vec of all the bits, consider using to_bits_asc or to_bits_desc instead.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate itertools;
extern crate malachite_base;

use itertools::Itertools;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_base::num::logic::traits::BitIterable;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.bits().next(), None);
// 105 = 01101001b, with a leading false bit to indicate sign
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(105).bits().collect_vec(),
    &[true, false, false, true, false, true, true, false]
);
// -105 = 10010111 in two's complement, with a leading true bit to indicate sign
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-105).bits().collect_vec(),
    &[true, true, true, false, true, false, false, true]
);

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.bits().next_back(), None);
// 105 = 01101001b, with a leading false bit to indicate sign
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(105).bits().rev().collect_vec(),
    &[false, true, true, false, true, false, false, true]
);
// -105 = 10010111 in two's complement, with a leading true bit to indicate sign
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-105).bits().rev().collect_vec(),
    &[true, false, false, true, false, true, true, true]
);

type BitIterator = IntegerBitIterator<'a>

impl<'a> BitOr<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn bitor(self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Takes the bitwise or of two Integers, taking the first by value and the second by reference.

$$ f(x, y) = x \vee y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(m) = O(m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()), and $m$ is other.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::One;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123) | &Integer::from(-456), -67);
assert_eq!(
    -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) | &-(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) + Integer::ONE),
    -999999995905i64
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the | operator.

impl<'a, 'b> BitOr<&'a Integer> for &'b Integer

fn bitor(self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Takes the bitwise or of two Integers, taking both by reference.

$$ f(x, y) = x \vee y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::One;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(&Integer::from(-123) | &Integer::from(-456), -67);
assert_eq!(
    &-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) | &-(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) + Integer::ONE),
    -999999995905i64
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the | operator.

impl BitOr<Integer> for Integer

fn bitor(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Takes the bitwise or of two Integers, taking both by value.

$$ f(x, y) = x \vee y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(m) = O(m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()), and $m$ is min(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::One;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123) | Integer::from(-456), -67);
assert_eq!(
    -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) | -(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) + Integer::ONE),
    -999999995905i64
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the | operator.

impl<'a> BitOr<Integer> for &'a Integer

fn bitor(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Takes the bitwise or of two Integers, taking the first by reference and the second by value.

$$ f(x, y) = x \vee y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(m) = O(m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::One;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(&Integer::from(-123) | Integer::from(-456), -67);
assert_eq!(
    &-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) | -(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) + Integer::ONE),
    -999999995905i64
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the | operator.

impl<'a> BitOrAssign<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn bitor_assign(&mut self, other: &'a Integer)

Bitwise-ors an Integer with another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by reference.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(m) = O(m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()), and $m$ is other.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::ZERO;
x |= &Integer::from(0x0000000f);
x |= &Integer::from(0x00000f00);
x |= &Integer::from(0x000f_0000);
x |= &Integer::from(0x0f000000);
assert_eq!(x, 0x0f0f_0f0f);

impl BitOrAssign<Integer> for Integer

fn bitor_assign(&mut self, other: Integer)

Bitwise-ors an Integer with another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by value.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(m) = O(m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()), and $m$ is min(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::ZERO;
x |= Integer::from(0x0000000f);
x |= Integer::from(0x00000f00);
x |= Integer::from(0x000f_0000);
x |= Integer::from(0x0f000000);
assert_eq!(x, 0x0f0f_0f0f);

impl<'a> BitScan for &'a Integer

fn index_of_next_false_bit(self, starting_index: u64) -> Option<u64>

Given an Integer and a starting index, searches the Integer for the smallest index of a false bit that is greater than or equal to the starting index.

If the [Integer] is negative, and the starting index is too large and there are no more false bits above it, None is returned.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::logic::traits::BitScan;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!((-Integer::from(0x500000000u64)).index_of_next_false_bit(0), Some(0));
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(0x500000000u64)).index_of_next_false_bit(20), Some(20));
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(0x500000000u64)).index_of_next_false_bit(31), Some(31));
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(0x500000000u64)).index_of_next_false_bit(32), Some(34));
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(0x500000000u64)).index_of_next_false_bit(33), Some(34));
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(0x500000000u64)).index_of_next_false_bit(34), Some(34));
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(0x500000000u64)).index_of_next_false_bit(35), None);
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(0x500000000u64)).index_of_next_false_bit(100), None);

fn index_of_next_true_bit(self, starting_index: u64) -> Option<u64>

Given an Integer and a starting index, searches the Integer for the smallest index of a true bit that is greater than or equal to the starting index.

If the Integer is non-negative, and the starting index is too large and there are no more true bits above it, None is returned.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::logic::traits::BitScan;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!((-Integer::from(0x500000000u64)).index_of_next_true_bit(0), Some(32));
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(0x500000000u64)).index_of_next_true_bit(20), Some(32));
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(0x500000000u64)).index_of_next_true_bit(31), Some(32));
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(0x500000000u64)).index_of_next_true_bit(32), Some(32));
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(0x500000000u64)).index_of_next_true_bit(33), Some(33));
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(0x500000000u64)).index_of_next_true_bit(34), Some(35));
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(0x500000000u64)).index_of_next_true_bit(35), Some(35));
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(0x500000000u64)).index_of_next_true_bit(36), Some(36));
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(0x500000000u64)).index_of_next_true_bit(100), Some(100));

impl<'a> BitXor<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn bitxor(self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Takes the bitwise xor of two Integers, taking the first by value and the second by reference.

$$ f(x, y) = x \oplus y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(m) = O(m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()), and $m$ is other.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::One;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123) ^ &Integer::from(-456), 445);
assert_eq!(
    -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) ^ &-(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) + Integer::ONE),
    8191
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the ^ operator.

impl<'a, 'b> BitXor<&'a Integer> for &'b Integer

fn bitxor(self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Takes the bitwise xor of two Integers, taking both by reference.

$$ f(x, y) = x \oplus y. $$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::One;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(&Integer::from(-123) ^ &Integer::from(-456), 445);
assert_eq!(
    &-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) ^ &-(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) + Integer::ONE),
    8191
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the ^ operator.

impl BitXor<Integer> for Integer

fn bitxor(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Takes the bitwise xor of two Integers, taking both by value.

$$ f(x, y) = x \oplus y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::One;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123) ^ Integer::from(-456), 445);
assert_eq!(
    -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) ^ -(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) + Integer::ONE),
    8191
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the ^ operator.

impl<'a> BitXor<Integer> for &'a Integer

fn bitxor(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Takes the bitwise xor of two Integers, taking the first by reference and the second by value.

$$ f(x, y) = x \oplus y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(m) = O(m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::One;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(&Integer::from(-123) ^ Integer::from(-456), 445);
assert_eq!(
    &-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) ^ -(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) + Integer::ONE),
    8191
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the ^ operator.

impl<'a> BitXorAssign<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn bitxor_assign(&mut self, other: &'a Integer)

Bitwise-xors an Integer with another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by reference.

$$ x \gets x \oplus y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(m) = O(m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()), and $m$ is other.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::NegativeOne;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::from(u32::MAX);
x ^= &Integer::from(0x0000000f);
x ^= &Integer::from(0x00000f00);
x ^= &Integer::from(0x000f_0000);
x ^= &Integer::from(0x0f000000);
assert_eq!(x, 0xf0f0_f0f0u32);

impl BitXorAssign<Integer> for Integer

fn bitxor_assign(&mut self, other: Integer)

Bitwise-xors an Integer with another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by value.

$$ x \gets x \oplus y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::NegativeOne;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::from(u32::MAX);
x ^= Integer::from(0x0000000f);
x ^= Integer::from(0x00000f00);
x ^= Integer::from(0x000f_0000);
x ^= Integer::from(0x0f000000);
assert_eq!(x, 0xf0f0_f0f0u32);

impl<'a> CeilingDivAssignMod<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn ceiling_div_assign_mod(&mut self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by reference and returning the remainder. The quotient is rounded towards positive infinity and the remainder has the opposite sign as the second Integer.

The quotient and remainder satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y\left \lceil\frac{x}{y} \right \rceil, $$ $$ x \gets \left \lceil \frac{x}{y} \right \rceil. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingDivAssignMod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 3 * 10 + -7 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
assert_eq!(x.ceiling_div_assign_mod(&Integer::from(10)), -7);
assert_eq!(x, 3);

// -2 * -10 + 3 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
assert_eq!(x.ceiling_div_assign_mod(&Integer::from(-10)), 3);
assert_eq!(x, -2);

// -2 * 10 + -3 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
assert_eq!(x.ceiling_div_assign_mod(&Integer::from(10)), -3);
assert_eq!(x, -2);

// 3 * -10 + 7 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
assert_eq!(x.ceiling_div_assign_mod(&Integer::from(-10)), 7);
assert_eq!(x, 3);

type ModOutput = Integer

impl CeilingDivAssignMod<Integer> for Integer

fn ceiling_div_assign_mod(&mut self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by value and returning the remainder. The quotient is rounded towards positive infinity and the remainder has the opposite sign as the second Integer.

The quotient and remainder satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y\left \lceil\frac{x}{y} \right \rceil, $$ $$ x \gets \left \lceil \frac{x}{y} \right \rceil. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingDivAssignMod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 3 * 10 + -7 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
assert_eq!(x.ceiling_div_assign_mod(Integer::from(10)), -7);
assert_eq!(x, 3);

// -2 * -10 + 3 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
assert_eq!(x.ceiling_div_assign_mod(Integer::from(-10)), 3);
assert_eq!(x, -2);

// -2 * 10 + -3 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
assert_eq!(x.ceiling_div_assign_mod(Integer::from(10)), -3);
assert_eq!(x, -2);

// 3 * -10 + 7 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
assert_eq!(x.ceiling_div_assign_mod(Integer::from(-10)), 7);
assert_eq!(x, 3);

type ModOutput = Integer

impl<'a> CeilingDivMod<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn ceiling_div_mod(self, other: &'a Integer) -> (Integer, Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both the first by value and the second by reference and returning the quotient and remainder. The quotient is rounded towards positive infinity and the remainder has the opposite sign as the second Integer.

The quotient and remainder satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = \left ( \left \lceil \frac{x}{y} \right \rceil, \space x - y\left \lceil \frac{x}{y} \right \rceil \right ). $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingDivMod;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 3 * 10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(23).ceiling_div_mod(&Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(3, -7)"
);

// -2 * -10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(23).ceiling_div_mod(&Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(-2, 3)"
);

// -2 * 10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-23).ceiling_div_mod(&Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(-2, -3)"
);

// 3 * -10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-23).ceiling_div_mod(&Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(3, 7)"
);

type DivOutput = Integer

type ModOutput = Integer

impl<'a, 'b> CeilingDivMod<&'b Integer> for &'a Integer

fn ceiling_div_mod(self, other: &'b Integer) -> (Integer, Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both by reference and returning the quotient and remainder. The quotient is rounded towards positive infinity and the remainder has the opposite sign as the second Integer.

The quotient and remainder satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = \left ( \left \lceil \frac{x}{y} \right \rceil, \space x - y\left \lceil \frac{x}{y} \right \rceil \right ). $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingDivMod;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 3 * 10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(23)).ceiling_div_mod(&Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(3, -7)"
);

// -2 * -10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(23)).ceiling_div_mod(&Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(-2, 3)"
);

// -2 * 10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-23)).ceiling_div_mod(&Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(-2, -3)"
);

// 3 * -10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-23)).ceiling_div_mod(&Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(3, 7)"
);

type DivOutput = Integer

type ModOutput = Integer

impl CeilingDivMod<Integer> for Integer

fn ceiling_div_mod(self, other: Integer) -> (Integer, Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both by value and returning the quotient and remainder. The quotient is rounded towards positive infinity and the remainder has the opposite sign as the second Integer.

The quotient and remainder satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = \left ( \left \lceil \frac{x}{y} \right \rceil, \space x - y\left \lceil \frac{x}{y} \right \rceil \right ). $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingDivMod;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 3 * 10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(23).ceiling_div_mod(Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(3, -7)"
);

// -2 * -10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(23).ceiling_div_mod(Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(-2, 3)"
);

// -2 * 10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-23).ceiling_div_mod(Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(-2, -3)"
);

// 3 * -10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-23).ceiling_div_mod(Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(3, 7)"
);

type DivOutput = Integer

type ModOutput = Integer

impl<'a> CeilingDivMod<Integer> for &'a Integer

fn ceiling_div_mod(self, other: Integer) -> (Integer, Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by reference and the second by value and returning the quotient and remainder. The quotient is rounded towards positive infinity and the remainder has the opposite sign as the second Integer.

The quotient and remainder satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = \left ( \left \lceil \frac{x}{y} \right \rceil, \space x - y\left \lceil \frac{x}{y} \right \rceil \right ). $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingDivMod;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 3 * 10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(23)).ceiling_div_mod(Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(3, -7)"
);

// -2 * -10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(23)).ceiling_div_mod(Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(-2, 3)"
);

// -2 * 10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-23)).ceiling_div_mod(Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(-2, -3)"
);

// 3 * -10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-23)).ceiling_div_mod(Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(3, 7)"
);

type DivOutput = Integer

type ModOutput = Integer

impl<'a> CeilingMod<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn ceiling_mod(self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by value and the second by reference and returning just the remainder. The remainder has the opposite sign as the second Integer.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y\left \lceil \frac{x}{y} \right \rceil. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingMod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23).ceiling_mod(&Integer::from(10)), -7);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23).ceiling_mod(&Integer::from(-10)), 3);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23).ceiling_mod(&Integer::from(10)), -3);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23).ceiling_mod(&Integer::from(-10)), 7);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a, 'b> CeilingMod<&'b Integer> for &'a Integer

fn ceiling_mod(self, other: &'b Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both by reference and returning just the remainder. The remainder has the opposite sign as the second Integer.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y\left \lceil \frac{x}{y} \right \rceil. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingMod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(23)).ceiling_mod(&Integer::from(10)), -7);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(23)).ceiling_mod(&Integer::from(-10)), 3);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-23)).ceiling_mod(&Integer::from(10)), -3);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-23)).ceiling_mod(&Integer::from(-10)), 7);

type Output = Integer

impl CeilingMod<Integer> for Integer

fn ceiling_mod(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both by value and returning just the remainder. The remainder has the opposite sign as the second Integer.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y\left \lceil \frac{x}{y} \right \rceil. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingMod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23).ceiling_mod(Integer::from(10)), -7);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23).ceiling_mod(Integer::from(-10)), 3);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23).ceiling_mod(Integer::from(10)), -3);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23).ceiling_mod(Integer::from(-10)), 7);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> CeilingMod<Integer> for &'a Integer

fn ceiling_mod(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by reference and the second by value and returning just the remainder. The remainder has the opposite sign as the second Integer.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y\left \lceil \frac{x}{y} \right \rceil. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingMod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(23)).ceiling_mod(Integer::from(10)), -7);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(23)).ceiling_mod(Integer::from(-10)), 3);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-23)).ceiling_mod(Integer::from(10)), -3);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-23)).ceiling_mod(Integer::from(-10)), 7);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> CeilingModAssign<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn ceiling_mod_assign(&mut self, other: &'a Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by reference and replacing the first number by the remainder. The remainder has the opposite sign as the second number.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ x \gets x - y\left \lceil\frac{x}{y} \right \rceil. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingModAssign;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
x.ceiling_mod_assign(&Integer::from(10));
assert_eq!(x, -7);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
x.ceiling_mod_assign(&Integer::from(-10));
assert_eq!(x, 3);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
x.ceiling_mod_assign(&Integer::from(10));
assert_eq!(x, -3);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
x.ceiling_mod_assign(&Integer::from(-10));
assert_eq!(x, 7);

impl CeilingModAssign<Integer> for Integer

fn ceiling_mod_assign(&mut self, other: Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by value and replacing the first number by the remainder. The remainder has the opposite sign as the second number.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ x \gets x - y\left \lceil\frac{x}{y} \right \rceil. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingModAssign;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
x.ceiling_mod_assign(Integer::from(10));
assert_eq!(x, -7);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
x.ceiling_mod_assign(Integer::from(-10));
assert_eq!(x, 3);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
x.ceiling_mod_assign(Integer::from(10));
assert_eq!(x, -3);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
x.ceiling_mod_assign(Integer::from(-10));
assert_eq!(x, 7);

impl CeilingModPowerOf2 for Integer

fn ceiling_mod_power_of_2(self, pow: u64) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by $2^k$, taking it by value and returning just the remainder. The remainder is non-positive.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = q2^k + r$ and $0 \leq -r < 2^k$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - 2^k\left \lceil \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rceil. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is pow.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingModPowerOf2;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 2^8 + -252 = 260
assert_eq!(Integer::from(260).ceiling_mod_power_of_2(8), -252);

// -100 * 2^4 + -11 = -1611
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-1611).ceiling_mod_power_of_2(4), -11);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> CeilingModPowerOf2 for &'a Integer

fn ceiling_mod_power_of_2(self, pow: u64) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by $2^k$, taking it by reference and returning just the remainder. The remainder is non-positive.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = q2^k + r$ and $0 \leq -r < 2^k$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - 2^k\left \lceil \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rceil. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is pow.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingModPowerOf2;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 2^8 + -252 = 260
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(260)).ceiling_mod_power_of_2(8), -252);
// -100 * 2^4 + -11 = -1611
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-1611)).ceiling_mod_power_of_2(4), -11);

type Output = Integer

impl CeilingModPowerOf2Assign for Integer

fn ceiling_mod_power_of_2_assign(&mut self, pow: u64)

Divides an Integer by $2^k$, replacing the Integer by the remainder. The remainder is non-positive.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = q2^k + r$ and $0 \leq -r < 2^k$.

$$ x \gets x - 2^k\left \lceil\frac{x}{2^k} \right \rceil. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is pow.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingModPowerOf2Assign;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 2^8 + -252 = 260
let mut x = Integer::from(260);
x.ceiling_mod_power_of_2_assign(8);
assert_eq!(x, -252);

// -100 * 2^4 + -11 = -1611
let mut x = Integer::from(-1611);
x.ceiling_mod_power_of_2_assign(4);
assert_eq!(x, -11);

impl CeilingRoot<u64> for Integer

fn ceiling_root(self, exp: u64) -> Integer

Returns the ceiling of the $n$th root of an Integer, taking the Integer by value.

$f(x, n) = \lceil\sqrt[n]{x}\rceil$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n (\log n)^2 \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if exp is zero, or if exp is even and self is negative.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingRoot;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(999).ceiling_root(3), 10);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(1000).ceiling_root(3), 10);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(1001).ceiling_root(3), 11);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(100000000000i64).ceiling_root(5), 159);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-100000000000i64).ceiling_root(5), -158);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> CeilingRoot<u64> for &'a Integer

fn ceiling_root(self, exp: u64) -> Integer

Returns the ceiling of the $n$th root of an Integer, taking the Integer by reference.

$f(x, n) = \lceil\sqrt[n]{x}\rceil$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n (\log n)^2 \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if exp is zero, or if exp is even and self is negative.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingRoot;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(999).ceiling_root(3), 10);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(1000).ceiling_root(3), 10);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(1001).ceiling_root(3), 11);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(100000000000i64).ceiling_root(5), 159);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-100000000000i64).ceiling_root(5), -158);

type Output = Integer

impl CeilingRootAssign<u64> for Integer

fn ceiling_root_assign(&mut self, exp: u64)

Replaces an Integer with the ceiling of its $n$th root.

$x \gets \lceil\sqrt[n]{x}\rceil$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n (\log n)^2 \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if exp is zero, or if exp is even and self is negative.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingRootAssign;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::from(999);
x.ceiling_root_assign(3);
assert_eq!(x, 10);

let mut x = Integer::from(1000);
x.ceiling_root_assign(3);
assert_eq!(x, 10);

let mut x = Integer::from(1001);
x.ceiling_root_assign(3);
assert_eq!(x, 11);

let mut x = Integer::from(100000000000i64);
x.ceiling_root_assign(5);
assert_eq!(x, 159);

let mut x = Integer::from(-100000000000i64);
x.ceiling_root_assign(5);
assert_eq!(x, -158);

impl CeilingSqrt for Integer

fn ceiling_sqrt(self) -> Integer

Returns the ceiling of the square root of an Integer, taking it by value.

$f(x) = \lceil\sqrt{x}\rceil$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if self is negative.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingSqrt;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(99).ceiling_sqrt(), 10);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(100).ceiling_sqrt(), 10);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(101).ceiling_sqrt(), 11);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(1000000000).ceiling_sqrt(), 31623);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(10000000000u64).ceiling_sqrt(), 100000);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> CeilingSqrt for &'a Integer

fn ceiling_sqrt(self) -> Integer

Returns the ceiling of the square root of an Integer, taking it by reference.

$f(x) = \lceil\sqrt{x}\rceil$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if self is negative.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingSqrt;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(99).ceiling_sqrt(), 10);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(100).ceiling_sqrt(), 10);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(101).ceiling_sqrt(), 11);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(1000000000).ceiling_sqrt(), 31623);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(10000000000u64).ceiling_sqrt(), 100000);

type Output = Integer

impl CeilingSqrtAssign for Integer

fn ceiling_sqrt_assign(&mut self)

Replaces an Integer with the ceiling of its square root.

$x \gets \lceil\sqrt{x}\rceil$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if self is negative.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CeilingSqrtAssign;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::from(99u8);
x.ceiling_sqrt_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 10);

let mut x = Integer::from(100);
x.ceiling_sqrt_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 10);

let mut x = Integer::from(101);
x.ceiling_sqrt_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 11);

let mut x = Integer::from(1000000000);
x.ceiling_sqrt_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 31623);

let mut x = Integer::from(10000000000u64);
x.ceiling_sqrt_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 100000);

impl<'a> CheckedFrom<&'a Integer> for Natural

fn checked_from(value: &'a Integer) -> Option<Natural>

Converts an Integer to a Natural, taking the Natural by reference. If the Integer is negative, None is returned.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is value.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::conversion::traits::CheckedFrom;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;

assert_eq!(Natural::checked_from(&Integer::from(123)).to_debug_string(), "Some(123)");
assert_eq!(Natural::checked_from(&Integer::from(-123)).to_debug_string(), "None");
assert_eq!(
    Natural::checked_from(&Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).to_debug_string(),
    "Some(1000000000000)"
);
assert_eq!(
    Natural::checked_from(&(-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12))).to_debug_string(),
    "None"
);

impl<'a> CheckedFrom<&'a Integer> for f32

fn checked_from(value: &'a Integer) -> Option<f32>

Converts an Integer to a primitive float.

If the input isn’t exactly equal to some float, None is returned.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is value.significant_bits().

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> CheckedFrom<&'a Integer> for i64

fn checked_from(value: &Integer) -> Option<i64>

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer, returning None if the Integer cannot be represented.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> CheckedFrom<&'a Integer> for u128

fn checked_from(value: &Integer) -> Option<u128>

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer, returning None if the Integer cannot be represented.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> CheckedFrom<&'a Integer> for i128

fn checked_from(value: &Integer) -> Option<i128>

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer, returning None if the Integer cannot be represented.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> CheckedFrom<&'a Integer> for usize

fn checked_from(value: &Integer) -> Option<usize>

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer, returning None if the Integer cannot be represented.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> CheckedFrom<&'a Integer> for isize

fn checked_from(value: &Integer) -> Option<isize>

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer, returning None if the Integer cannot be represented.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> CheckedFrom<&'a Integer> for f64

fn checked_from(value: &'a Integer) -> Option<f64>

Converts an Integer to a primitive float.

If the input isn’t exactly equal to some float, None is returned.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is value.significant_bits().

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> CheckedFrom<&'a Integer> for u8

fn checked_from(value: &Integer) -> Option<u8>

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer, returning None if the Integer cannot be represented.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> CheckedFrom<&'a Integer> for i8

fn checked_from(value: &Integer) -> Option<i8>

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer, returning None if the Integer cannot be represented.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> CheckedFrom<&'a Integer> for u16

fn checked_from(value: &Integer) -> Option<u16>

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer, returning None if the Integer cannot be represented.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> CheckedFrom<&'a Integer> for i16

fn checked_from(value: &Integer) -> Option<i16>

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer, returning None if the Integer cannot be represented.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> CheckedFrom<&'a Integer> for u32

fn checked_from(value: &Integer) -> Option<u32>

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer, returning None if the Integer cannot be represented.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> CheckedFrom<&'a Integer> for i32

fn checked_from(value: &Integer) -> Option<i32>

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer, returning None if the Integer cannot be represented.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> CheckedFrom<&'a Integer> for u64

fn checked_from(value: &Integer) -> Option<u64>

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer, returning None if the Integer cannot be represented.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl CheckedFrom<Integer> for Natural

fn checked_from(value: Integer) -> Option<Natural>

Converts an Integer to a Natural, taking the Natural by value. If the Integer is negative, None is returned.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::conversion::traits::CheckedFrom;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;

assert_eq!(Natural::checked_from(Integer::from(123)).to_debug_string(), "Some(123)");
assert_eq!(Natural::checked_from(Integer::from(-123)).to_debug_string(), "None");
assert_eq!(
    Natural::checked_from(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).to_debug_string(),
    "Some(1000000000000)"
);
assert_eq!(Natural::checked_from(-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).to_debug_string(), "None");

impl CheckedFrom<f32> for Integer

fn checked_from(value: f32) -> Option<Integer>

Converts a primitive float to an Integer.

If the input isn’t exactly equal to some Integer, None is returned.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is value.sci_exponent().

Examples

See here.

impl CheckedFrom<f64> for Integer

fn checked_from(value: f64) -> Option<Integer>

Converts a primitive float to an Integer.

If the input isn’t exactly equal to some Integer, None is returned.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is value.sci_exponent().

Examples

See here.

impl<'a, 'b> CheckedHammingDistance<&'a Integer> for &'b Integer

fn checked_hamming_distance(self, other: &Integer) -> Option<u64>

Determines the Hamming distance between two Integers.

The two Integers have infinitely many leading zeros or infinitely many leading ones, depending on their signs. If they are both non-negative or both negative, the Hamming distance is finite. If one is non-negative and the other is negative, the Hamming distance is infinite, so None is returned.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::logic::traits::CheckedHammingDistance;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).checked_hamming_distance(&Integer::from(123)), Some(0));
// 105 = 1101001b, 123 = 1111011
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-105).checked_hamming_distance(&Integer::from(-123)), Some(2));
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-105).checked_hamming_distance(&Integer::from(123)), None);

impl CheckedRoot<u64> for Integer

fn checked_root(self, exp: u64) -> Option<Integer>

Returns the the $n$th root of an Integer, or None if the Integer is not a perfect $n$th power. The Integer is taken by value.

$$ f(x, n) = \begin{cases} \operatorname{Some}(sqrt[n]{x}) & \text{if} \quad \sqrt[n]{x} \in \Z, \\ \operatorname{None} & \textrm{otherwise}. \end{cases} $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n (\log n)^2 \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if exp is zero, or if exp is even and self is negative.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CheckedRoot;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(999).checked_root(3).to_debug_string(), "None");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(1000).checked_root(3).to_debug_string(), "Some(10)");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(1001).checked_root(3).to_debug_string(), "None");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(100000000000i64).checked_root(5).to_debug_string(), "None");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-100000000000i64).checked_root(5).to_debug_string(), "None");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(10000000000i64).checked_root(5).to_debug_string(), "Some(100)");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10000000000i64).checked_root(5).to_debug_string(), "Some(-100)");

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> CheckedRoot<u64> for &'a Integer

fn checked_root(self, exp: u64) -> Option<Integer>

Returns the the $n$th root of an Integer, or None if the Integer is not a perfect $n$th power. The Integer is taken by reference.

$$ f(x, n) = \begin{cases} \operatorname{Some}(sqrt[n]{x}) & \text{if} \quad \sqrt[n]{x} \in \Z, \\ \operatorname{None} & \textrm{otherwise}. \end{cases} $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n (\log n)^2 \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if exp is zero, or if exp is even and self is negative.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CheckedRoot;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!((&Integer::from(999)).checked_root(3).to_debug_string(), "None");
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(1000)).checked_root(3).to_debug_string(), "Some(10)");
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(1001)).checked_root(3).to_debug_string(), "None");
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(100000000000i64)).checked_root(5).to_debug_string(), "None");
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-100000000000i64)).checked_root(5).to_debug_string(), "None");
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(10000000000i64)).checked_root(5).to_debug_string(), "Some(100)");
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10000000000i64)).checked_root(5).to_debug_string(),
    "Some(-100)"
);

type Output = Integer

impl CheckedSqrt for Integer

fn checked_sqrt(self) -> Option<Integer>

Returns the the square root of an Integer, or None if it is not a perfect square. The Integer is taken by value.

$$ f(x) = \begin{cases} \operatorname{Some}(sqrt{x}) & \text{if} \quad \sqrt{x} \in \Z, \\ \operatorname{None} & \textrm{otherwise}. \end{cases} $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if self is negative.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CheckedSqrt;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(99u8).checked_sqrt().to_debug_string(), "None");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(100u8).checked_sqrt().to_debug_string(), "Some(10)");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(101u8).checked_sqrt().to_debug_string(), "None");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(1000000000u32).checked_sqrt().to_debug_string(), "None");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(10000000000u64).checked_sqrt().to_debug_string(), "Some(100000)");

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> CheckedSqrt for &'a Integer

fn checked_sqrt(self) -> Option<Integer>

Returns the the square root of an Integer, or None if it is not a perfect square. The Integer is taken by reference.

$$ f(x) = \begin{cases} \operatorname{Some}(sqrt{x}) & \text{if} \quad \sqrt{x} \in \Z, \\ \operatorname{None} & \textrm{otherwise}. \end{cases} $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if self is negative.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::CheckedSqrt;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!((&Integer::from(99u8)).checked_sqrt().to_debug_string(), "None");
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(100u8)).checked_sqrt().to_debug_string(), "Some(10)");
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(101u8)).checked_sqrt().to_debug_string(), "None");
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(1000000000u32)).checked_sqrt().to_debug_string(), "None");
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(10000000000u64)).checked_sqrt().to_debug_string(),
    "Some(100000)"
);

type Output = Integer

impl Clone for Integer

fn clone(&self) -> Integer

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl<'a> ConvertibleFrom<&'a Integer> for Natural

fn convertible_from(value: &'a Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer can be converted to a Natural (when the Integer is non-negative). Takes the Integer by reference.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::conversion::traits::ConvertibleFrom;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;

assert_eq!(Natural::convertible_from(&Integer::from(123)), true);
assert_eq!(Natural::convertible_from(&Integer::from(-123)), false);
assert_eq!(Natural::convertible_from(&Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)), true);
assert_eq!(Natural::convertible_from(&-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)), false);

impl<'a> ConvertibleFrom<&'a Integer> for f32

fn convertible_from(value: &'a Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer can be exactly converted to a primitive float.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is value.significant_bits().

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> ConvertibleFrom<&'a Integer> for i64

fn convertible_from(value: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer can be converted to a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> ConvertibleFrom<&'a Integer> for u128

fn convertible_from(value: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer can be converted to an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> ConvertibleFrom<&'a Integer> for i128

fn convertible_from(value: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer can be converted to a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> ConvertibleFrom<&'a Integer> for usize

fn convertible_from(value: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer can be converted to an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> ConvertibleFrom<&'a Integer> for isize

fn convertible_from(value: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer can be converted to a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> ConvertibleFrom<&'a Integer> for f64

fn convertible_from(value: &'a Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer can be exactly converted to a primitive float.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is value.significant_bits().

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> ConvertibleFrom<&'a Integer> for u8

fn convertible_from(value: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer can be converted to an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> ConvertibleFrom<&'a Integer> for i8

fn convertible_from(value: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer can be converted to a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> ConvertibleFrom<&'a Integer> for u16

fn convertible_from(value: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer can be converted to an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> ConvertibleFrom<&'a Integer> for i16

fn convertible_from(value: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer can be converted to a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> ConvertibleFrom<&'a Integer> for u32

fn convertible_from(value: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer can be converted to an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> ConvertibleFrom<&'a Integer> for i32

fn convertible_from(value: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer can be converted to a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> ConvertibleFrom<&'a Integer> for u64

fn convertible_from(value: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer can be converted to an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl ConvertibleFrom<Integer> for Natural

fn convertible_from(value: Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer can be converted to a Natural (when the Integer is non-negative). Takes the Integer by value.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::conversion::traits::ConvertibleFrom;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;

assert_eq!(Natural::convertible_from(Integer::from(123)), true);
assert_eq!(Natural::convertible_from(Integer::from(-123)), false);
assert_eq!(Natural::convertible_from(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)), true);
assert_eq!(Natural::convertible_from(-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)), false);

impl ConvertibleFrom<f32> for Integer

fn convertible_from(value: f32) -> bool

Determines whether a primitive float can be exactly converted to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl ConvertibleFrom<f64> for Integer

fn convertible_from(value: f64) -> bool

Determines whether a primitive float can be exactly converted to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl Debug for Integer

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Converts an Integer to a String.

This is the same as the Display::fmt implementation.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n (\log n)^2 \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.to_debug_string(), "0");

assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).to_debug_string(), "123");
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("1000000000000")
        .unwrap()
        .to_debug_string(),
    "1000000000000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:05?}", Integer::from(123)), "00123");

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123).to_debug_string(), "-123");
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("-1000000000000")
        .unwrap()
        .to_debug_string(),
    "-1000000000000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:05?}", Integer::from(-123)), "-0123");

impl Default for Integer

fn default() -> Integer

The default value of an Integer, 0.

impl Display for Integer

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Converts an Integer to a String.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n (\log n)^2 \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.to_string(), "0");

assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).to_string(), "123");
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap().to_string(),
    "1000000000000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:05}", Integer::from(123)), "00123");

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123).to_string(), "-123");
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("-1000000000000").unwrap().to_string(),
    "-1000000000000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:05}", Integer::from(-123)), "-0123");

impl<'a> Div<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn div(self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by value and the second by reference. The quotient is rounded towards zero. The quotient and remainder (which is not computed) satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23) / &Integer::from(10), 2);

// -2 * -10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23) / &Integer::from(-10), -2);

// -2 * 10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23) / &Integer::from(10), -2);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23) / &Integer::from(-10), 2);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

impl<'a, 'b> Div<&'b Integer> for &'a Integer

fn div(self, other: &'b Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both by reference. The quotient is rounded towards zero. The quotient and remainder (which is not computed) satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(23) / &Integer::from(10), 2);

// -2 * -10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(23) / &Integer::from(-10), -2);

// -2 * 10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(-23) / &Integer::from(10), -2);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(-23) / &Integer::from(-10), 2);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

impl Div<Integer> for Integer

fn div(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both by value. The quotient is rounded towards zero. The quotient and remainder (which is not computed) satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23) / Integer::from(10), 2);

// -2 * -10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23) / Integer::from(-10), -2);

// -2 * 10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23) / Integer::from(10), -2);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23) / Integer::from(-10), 2);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

impl<'a> Div<Integer> for &'a Integer

fn div(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by reference and the second by value. The quotient is rounded towards zero. The quotient and remainder (which is not computed) satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(23) / Integer::from(10), 2);

// -2 * -10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(23) / Integer::from(-10), -2);

// -2 * 10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(-23) / Integer::from(10), -2);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(-23) / Integer::from(-10), 2);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

impl<'a> DivAssign<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn div_assign(&mut self, other: &'a Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by reference. The quotient is rounded towards zero. The quotient and remainder (which is not computed) satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ x \gets \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
x /= &Integer::from(10);
assert_eq!(x, 2);

// -2 * -10 + 3 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
x /= &Integer::from(-10);
assert_eq!(x, -2);

// -2 * 10 + -3 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
x /= &Integer::from(10);
assert_eq!(x, -2);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
x /= &Integer::from(-10);
assert_eq!(x, 2);

impl DivAssign<Integer> for Integer

fn div_assign(&mut self, other: Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by value. The quotient is rounded towards zero. The quotient and remainder (which is not computed) satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ x \gets \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
x /= Integer::from(10);
assert_eq!(x, 2);

// -2 * -10 + 3 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
x /= Integer::from(-10);
assert_eq!(x, -2);

// -2 * 10 + -3 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
x /= Integer::from(10);
assert_eq!(x, -2);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
x /= Integer::from(-10);
assert_eq!(x, 2);

impl<'a> DivAssignMod<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn div_assign_mod(&mut self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by reference and returning the remainder. The quotient is rounded towards negative infinity, and the remainder has the same sign as the second Integer.

The quotient and remainder satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y\left \lfloor \frac{x}{y} \right \rfloor, $$ $$ x \gets \left \lfloor \frac{x}{y} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivAssignMod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
assert_eq!(x.div_assign_mod(&Integer::from(10)), 3);
assert_eq!(x, 2);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
assert_eq!(x.div_assign_mod(&Integer::from(-10)), -7);
assert_eq!(x, -3);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
assert_eq!(x.div_assign_mod(&Integer::from(10)), 7);
assert_eq!(x, -3);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
assert_eq!(x.div_assign_mod(&Integer::from(-10)), -3);
assert_eq!(x, 2);

type ModOutput = Integer

impl DivAssignMod<Integer> for Integer

fn div_assign_mod(&mut self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by value and returning the remainder. The quotient is rounded towards negative infinity, and the remainder has the same sign as the second Integer.

The quotient and remainder satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y\left \lfloor \frac{x}{y} \right \rfloor, $$ $$ x \gets \left \lfloor \frac{x}{y} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivAssignMod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
assert_eq!(x.div_assign_mod(Integer::from(10)), 3);
assert_eq!(x, 2);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
assert_eq!(x.div_assign_mod(Integer::from(-10)), -7);
assert_eq!(x, -3);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
assert_eq!(x.div_assign_mod(Integer::from(10)), 7);
assert_eq!(x, -3);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
assert_eq!(x.div_assign_mod(Integer::from(-10)), -3);
assert_eq!(x, 2);

type ModOutput = Integer

impl<'a> DivAssignRem<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn div_assign_rem(&mut self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by reference and returning the remainder. The quotient is rounded towards zero and the remainder has the same sign as the first Integer.

The quotient and remainder satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor, $$ $$ x \gets \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivAssignRem;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
assert_eq!(x.div_assign_rem(&Integer::from(10)), 3);
assert_eq!(x, 2);

// -2 * -10 + 3 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
assert_eq!(x.div_assign_rem(&Integer::from(-10)), 3);
assert_eq!(x, -2);

// -2 * 10 + -3 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
assert_eq!(x.div_assign_rem(&Integer::from(10)), -3);
assert_eq!(x, -2);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
assert_eq!(x.div_assign_rem(&Integer::from(-10)), -3);
assert_eq!(x, 2);

type RemOutput = Integer

impl DivAssignRem<Integer> for Integer

fn div_assign_rem(&mut self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by value and returning the remainder. The quotient is rounded towards zero and the remainder has the same sign as the first Integer.

The quotient and remainder satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor, $$ $$ x \gets \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivAssignRem;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
assert_eq!(x.div_assign_rem(Integer::from(10)), 3);
assert_eq!(x, 2);

// -2 * -10 + 3 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
assert_eq!(x.div_assign_rem(Integer::from(-10)), 3);
assert_eq!(x, -2);

// -2 * 10 + -3 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
assert_eq!(x.div_assign_rem(Integer::from(10)), -3);
assert_eq!(x, -2);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
assert_eq!(x.div_assign_rem(Integer::from(-10)), -3);
assert_eq!(x, 2);

type RemOutput = Integer

impl<'a> DivExact<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn div_exact(self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by value and the second by reference. The first Integer must be exactly divisible by the second. If it isn’t, this function may panic or return a meaningless result.

$$ f(x, y) = \frac{x}{y}. $$

If you are unsure whether the division will be exact, use self / &other instead. If you’re unsure and you want to know, use self.div_mod(&other) and check whether the remainder is zero. If you want a function that panics if the division is not exact, use self.div_round(&other, RoundingMode::Exact).

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero. May panic if self is not divisible by other.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivExact;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

// -123 * 456 = -56088
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-56088).div_exact(&Integer::from(456)), -123);

// -123456789000 * -987654321000 = 121932631112635269000000
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("121932631112635269000000").unwrap()
            .div_exact(&Integer::from_str("-987654321000").unwrap()),
    -123456789000i64
);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a, 'b> DivExact<&'b Integer> for &'a Integer

fn div_exact(self, other: &'b Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both by reference. The first Integer must be exactly divisible by the second. If it isn’t, this function may panic or return a meaningless result.

$$ f(x, y) = \frac{x}{y}. $$

If you are unsure whether the division will be exact, use &self / &other instead. If you’re unsure and you want to know, use (&self).div_mod(&other) and check whether the remainder is zero. If you want a function that panics if the division is not exact, use (&self).div_round(&other, RoundingMode::Exact).

Panics

Panics if other is zero. May panic if self is not divisible by other.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivExact;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

// -123 * 456 = -56088
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-56088)).div_exact(&Integer::from(456)), -123);

// -123456789000 * -987654321000 = 121932631112635269000000
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from_str("121932631112635269000000").unwrap())
            .div_exact(&Integer::from_str("-987654321000").unwrap()),
    -123456789000i64
);

type Output = Integer

impl DivExact<Integer> for Integer

fn div_exact(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both by value. The first Integer must be exactly divisible by the second. If it isn’t, this function may panic or return a meaningless result.

$$ f(x, y) = \frac{x}{y}. $$

If you are unsure whether the division will be exact, use self / other instead. If you’re unsure and you want to know, use self.div_mod(other) and check whether the remainder is zero. If you want a function that panics if the division is not exact, use self.div_round(other, RoundingMode::Exact).

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero. May panic if self is not divisible by other.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivExact;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

// -123 * 456 = -56088
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-56088).div_exact(Integer::from(456)), -123);

// -123456789000 * -987654321000 = 121932631112635269000000
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("121932631112635269000000").unwrap()
            .div_exact(Integer::from_str("-987654321000").unwrap()),
    -123456789000i64
);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> DivExact<Integer> for &'a Integer

fn div_exact(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by reference and the second by value. The first Integer must be exactly divisible by the second. If it isn’t, this function may panic or return a meaningless result.

$$ f(x, y) = \frac{x}{y}. $$

If you are unsure whether the division will be exact, use &self / other instead. If you’re unsure and you want to know, use self.div_mod(other) and check whether the remainder is zero. If you want a function that panics if the division is not exact, use (&self).div_round(other, RoundingMode::Exact).

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero. May panic if self is not divisible by other.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivExact;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

// -123 * 456 = -56088
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-56088)).div_exact(Integer::from(456)), -123);

// -123456789000 * -987654321000 = 121932631112635269000000
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from_str("121932631112635269000000").unwrap())
            .div_exact(Integer::from_str("-987654321000").unwrap()),
    -123456789000i64
);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> DivExactAssign<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn div_exact_assign(&mut self, other: &'a Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by reference. The first Integer must be exactly divisible by the second. If it isn’t, this function may panic or return a meaningless result.

$$ x \gets \frac{x}{y}. $$

If you are unsure whether the division will be exact, use self /= &other instead. If you’re unsure and you want to know, use self.div_assign_mod(&other) and check whether the remainder is zero. If you want a function that panics if the division is not exact, use self.div_round_assign(&other, RoundingMode::Exact).

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero. May panic if self is not divisible by other.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivExactAssign;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

// -123 * 456 = -56088
let mut x = Integer::from(-56088);
x.div_exact_assign(&Integer::from(456));
assert_eq!(x, -123);

// -123456789000 * -987654321000 = 121932631112635269000000
let mut x = Integer::from_str("121932631112635269000000").unwrap();
x.div_exact_assign(&Integer::from_str("-987654321000").unwrap());
assert_eq!(x, -123456789000i64);

impl DivExactAssign<Integer> for Integer

fn div_exact_assign(&mut self, other: Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by value. The first Integer must be exactly divisible by the second. If it isn’t, this function may panic or return a meaningless result.

$$ x \gets \frac{x}{y}. $$

If you are unsure whether the division will be exact, use self /= other instead. If you’re unsure and you want to know, use self.div_assign_mod(other) and check whether the remainder is zero. If you want a function that panics if the division is not exact, use self.div_round_assign(other, RoundingMode::Exact).

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero. May panic if self is not divisible by other.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivExactAssign;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

// -123 * 456 = -56088
let mut x = Integer::from(-56088);
x.div_exact_assign(Integer::from(456));
assert_eq!(x, -123);

// -123456789000 * -987654321000 = 121932631112635269000000
let mut x = Integer::from_str("121932631112635269000000").unwrap();
x.div_exact_assign(Integer::from_str("-987654321000").unwrap());
assert_eq!(x, -123456789000i64);

impl<'a> DivMod<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn div_mod(self, other: &'a Integer) -> (Integer, Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by value and the second by reference and returning the quotient and remainder. The quotient is rounded towards negative infinity, and the remainder has the same sign as the second Integer.

The quotient and remainder satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = \left ( \left \lfloor \frac{x}{y} \right \rfloor, \space x - y\left \lfloor \frac{x}{y} \right \rfloor \right ). $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivMod;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23).div_mod(&Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(), "(2, 3)");

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23).div_mod(&Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(), "(-3, -7)");

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23).div_mod(&Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(), "(-3, 7)");

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23).div_mod(&Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(), "(2, -3)");

type DivOutput = Integer

type ModOutput = Integer

impl<'a, 'b> DivMod<&'b Integer> for &'a Integer

fn div_mod(self, other: &'b Integer) -> (Integer, Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both by reference and returning the quotient and remainder. The quotient is rounded towards negative infinity, and the remainder has the same sign as the second Integer.

The quotient and remainder satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = \left ( \left \lfloor \frac{x}{y} \right \rfloor, \space x - y\left \lfloor \frac{x}{y} \right \rfloor \right ). $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivMod;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(23)).div_mod(&Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(), "(2, 3)");

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(23)).div_mod(&Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(-3, -7)"
);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-23)).div_mod(&Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(), "(-3, 7)");

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-23)).div_mod(&Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(2, -3)"
);

type DivOutput = Integer

type ModOutput = Integer

impl DivMod<Integer> for Integer

fn div_mod(self, other: Integer) -> (Integer, Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both by value and returning the quotient and remainder. The quotient is rounded towards negative infinity, and the remainder has the same sign as the second Integer.

The quotient and remainder satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = \left ( \left \lfloor \frac{x}{y} \right \rfloor, \space x - y\left \lfloor \frac{x}{y} \right \rfloor \right ). $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivMod;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23).div_mod(Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(), "(2, 3)");

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23).div_mod(Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(), "(-3, -7)");

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23).div_mod(Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(), "(-3, 7)");

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23).div_mod(Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(), "(2, -3)");

type DivOutput = Integer

type ModOutput = Integer

impl<'a> DivMod<Integer> for &'a Integer

fn div_mod(self, other: Integer) -> (Integer, Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by reference and the second by value and returning the quotient and remainder. The quotient is rounded towards negative infinity, and the remainder has the same sign as the second Integer.

The quotient and remainder satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = \left ( \left \lfloor \frac{x}{y} \right \rfloor, \space x - y\left \lfloor \frac{x}{y} \right \rfloor \right ). $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivMod;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(23)).div_mod(Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(), "(2, 3)");

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(23)).div_mod(Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(), "(-3, -7)");

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-23)).div_mod(Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(), "(-3, 7)");

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-23)).div_mod(Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(), "(2, -3)");

type DivOutput = Integer

type ModOutput = Integer

impl<'a> DivRem<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn div_rem(self, other: &'a Integer) -> (Integer, Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by value and the second by reference and returning the quotient and remainder. The quotient is rounded towards zero and the remainder has the same sign as the first Integer.

The quotient and remainder satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = \left ( \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor, \space x - y \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor \right ). $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivRem;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23).div_rem(&Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(), "(2, 3)");

// -2 * -10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23).div_rem(&Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(), "(-2, 3)");

// -2 * 10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23).div_rem(&Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(), "(-2, -3)");

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23).div_rem(&Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(), "(2, -3)");

type DivOutput = Integer

type RemOutput = Integer

impl<'a, 'b> DivRem<&'b Integer> for &'a Integer

fn div_rem(self, other: &'b Integer) -> (Integer, Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both by reference and returning the quotient and remainder. The quotient is rounded towards zero and the remainder has the same sign as the first Integer.

The quotient and remainder satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = \left ( \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor, \space x - y \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor \right ). $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivRem;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(23)).div_rem(&Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(), "(2, 3)");

// -2 * -10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(23)).div_rem(&Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(), "(-2, 3)");

// -2 * 10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-23)).div_rem(&Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(-2, -3)"
);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-23)).div_rem(&Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(),
    "(2, -3)"
);

type DivOutput = Integer

type RemOutput = Integer

impl DivRem<Integer> for Integer

fn div_rem(self, other: Integer) -> (Integer, Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both by value and returning the quotient and remainder. The quotient is rounded towards zero and the remainder has the same sign as the first Integer.

The quotient and remainder satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = \left ( \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor, \space x - y \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor \right ). $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivRem;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23).div_rem(Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(), "(2, 3)");

// -2 * -10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23).div_rem(Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(), "(-2, 3)");

// -2 * 10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23).div_rem(Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(), "(-2, -3)");

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23).div_rem(Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(), "(2, -3)");

type DivOutput = Integer

type RemOutput = Integer

impl<'a> DivRem<Integer> for &'a Integer

fn div_rem(self, other: Integer) -> (Integer, Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by reference and the second by value and returning the quotient and remainder. The quotient is rounded towards zero and the remainder has the same sign as the first Integer.

The quotient and remainder satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = \left ( \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor, \space x - y \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor \right ). $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivRem;
use malachite_base::strings::ToDebugString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(23)).div_rem(Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(), "(2, 3)");

// -2 * -10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(23)).div_rem(Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(), "(-2, 3)");

// -2 * 10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-23)).div_rem(Integer::from(10)).to_debug_string(), "(-2, -3)");

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-23)).div_rem(Integer::from(-10)).to_debug_string(), "(2, -3)");

type DivOutput = Integer

type RemOutput = Integer

impl<'a> DivRound<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn div_round(self, other: &'a Integer, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by value and the second by reference and rounding according to a specified rounding mode.

Let $q = \frac{x}{y}$:

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor. $$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil. $$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor. $$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil. $$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd.} \end{cases} $$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero, or if rm is Exact but self is not divisible by other.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{DivRound, Pow};
use malachite_base::rounding_modes::RoundingMode;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Down), -2);
assert_eq!(
    (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).div_round(&Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Floor),
    -333333333334i64
);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Up), -3);
assert_eq!(
    (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).div_round(&Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Ceiling),
    -333333333333i64
);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(&Integer::from(5), RoundingMode::Exact), -2);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(&Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest), -3);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-20).div_round(&Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest), -7);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest), -2);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-14).div_round(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest), -4);

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Down), 2);
assert_eq!(
    (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).div_round(&Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Floor),
    333333333333i64
);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Up), 3);
assert_eq!(
    (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).div_round(&Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Ceiling),
    333333333334i64
);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(&Integer::from(-5), RoundingMode::Exact), 2);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(&Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest), 3);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-20).div_round(&Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest), 7);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest), 2);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-14).div_round(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest), 4);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a, 'b> DivRound<&'b Integer> for &'a Integer

fn div_round(self, other: &'b Integer, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both by reference and rounding according to a specified rounding mode.

Let $q = \frac{x}{y}$:

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor. $$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil. $$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor. $$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil. $$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd.} \end{cases} $$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero, or if rm is Exact but self is not divisible by other.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{DivRound, Pow};
use malachite_base::rounding_modes::RoundingMode;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-10)).div_round(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Down), -2);
assert_eq!(
    (&-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).div_round(&Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Floor),
    -333333333334i64
);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Up), -3);
assert_eq!(
    (&-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).div_round(&Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Ceiling),
    -333333333333i64
);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-10)).div_round(&Integer::from(5), RoundingMode::Exact), -2);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-10)).div_round(&Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest), -3);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-20)).div_round(&Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest), -7);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-10)).div_round(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest), -2);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-14)).div_round(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest), -4);

assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-10)).div_round(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Down), 2);
assert_eq!(
    (&-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).div_round(&Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Floor),
    333333333333i64
);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Up), 3);
assert_eq!(
    (&-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).div_round(&Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Ceiling),
    333333333334i64
);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-10)).div_round(&Integer::from(-5), RoundingMode::Exact), 2);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-10)).div_round(&Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest), 3);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-20)).div_round(&Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest), 7);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-10)).div_round(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest), 2);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-14)).div_round(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest), 4);

type Output = Integer

impl DivRound<Integer> for Integer

fn div_round(self, other: Integer, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both by value and rounding according to a specified rounding mode.

Let $q = \frac{x}{y}$:

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor. $$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil. $$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor. $$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil. $$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd.} \end{cases} $$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero, or if rm is Exact but self is not divisible by other.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{DivRound, Pow};
use malachite_base::rounding_modes::RoundingMode;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Down), -2);
assert_eq!(
    (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).div_round(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Floor),
    -333333333334i64
);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Up), -3);
assert_eq!(
    (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).div_round(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Ceiling),
    -333333333333i64
);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(Integer::from(5), RoundingMode::Exact), -2);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest), -3);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-20).div_round(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest), -7);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest), -2);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-14).div_round(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest), -4);

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Down), 2);
assert_eq!(
    (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).div_round(Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Floor),
    333333333333i64
);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Up), 3);
assert_eq!(
    (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).div_round(Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Ceiling),
    333333333334i64
);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(Integer::from(-5), RoundingMode::Exact), 2);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest), 3);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-20).div_round(Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest), 7);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest), 2);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-14).div_round(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest), 4);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> DivRound<Integer> for &'a Integer

fn div_round(self, other: Integer, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by reference and the second by value and rounding according to a specified rounding mode.

Let $q = \frac{x}{y}$:

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor. $$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil. $$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor. $$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil. $$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd.} \end{cases} $$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero, or if rm is Exact but self is not divisible by other.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{DivRound, Pow};
use malachite_base::rounding_modes::RoundingMode;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-10)).div_round(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Down), -2);
assert_eq!(
    (&-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).div_round(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Floor),
    -333333333334i64
);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Up), -3);
assert_eq!(
    (&-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).div_round(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Ceiling),
    -333333333333i64
);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-10)).div_round(Integer::from(5), RoundingMode::Exact), -2);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-10)).div_round(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest), -3);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-20)).div_round(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest), -7);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-10)).div_round(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest), -2);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-14)).div_round(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest), -4);

assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-10)).div_round(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Down), 2);
assert_eq!(
    (&-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).div_round(Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Floor),
    333333333333i64
);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).div_round(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Up), 3);
assert_eq!(
    (&-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).div_round(Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Ceiling),
    333333333334i64
);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-10)).div_round(Integer::from(-5), RoundingMode::Exact), 2);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-10)).div_round(Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest), 3);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-20)).div_round(Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest), 7);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-10)).div_round(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest), 2);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-14)).div_round(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest), 4);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> DivRoundAssign<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn div_round_assign(&mut self, other: &'a Integer, rm: RoundingMode)

Divides an Integer by another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by reference and rounding according to a specified rounding mode.

See the DivRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero, or if rm is Exact but self is not divisible by other.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{DivRoundAssign, Pow};
use malachite_base::rounding_modes::RoundingMode;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Down);
assert_eq!(n, -2);

let mut n = -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12);
n.div_round_assign(&Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Floor);
assert_eq!(n, -333333333334i64);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Up);
assert_eq!(n, -3);

let mut n = -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12);
n.div_round_assign(&Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Ceiling);
assert_eq!(n, -333333333333i64);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(&Integer::from(5), RoundingMode::Exact);
assert_eq!(n, -2);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(n, -3);

let mut n = Integer::from(-20);
n.div_round_assign(&Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(n, -7);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(n, -2);

let mut n = Integer::from(-14);
n.div_round_assign(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(n, -4);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Down);
assert_eq!(n, 2);

let mut n = -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12);
n.div_round_assign(&Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Floor);
assert_eq!(n, 333333333333i64);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Up);
assert_eq!(n, 3);

let mut n = -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12);
n.div_round_assign(&Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Ceiling);
assert_eq!(n, 333333333334i64);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(&Integer::from(-5), RoundingMode::Exact);
assert_eq!(n, 2);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(&Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(n, 3);

let mut n = Integer::from(-20);
n.div_round_assign(&Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(n, 7);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(n, 2);

let mut n = Integer::from(-14);
n.div_round_assign(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(n, 4);

impl DivRoundAssign<Integer> for Integer

fn div_round_assign(&mut self, other: Integer, rm: RoundingMode)

Divides an Integer by another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by value and rounding according to a specified rounding mode.

See the DivRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero, or if rm is Exact but self is not divisible by other.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{DivRoundAssign, Pow};
use malachite_base::rounding_modes::RoundingMode;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Down);
assert_eq!(n, -2);

let mut n = -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Floor);
assert_eq!(n, -333333333334i64);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Up);
assert_eq!(n, -3);

let mut n = -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Ceiling);
assert_eq!(n, -333333333333i64);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(5), RoundingMode::Exact);
assert_eq!(n, -2);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(n, -3);

let mut n = Integer::from(-20);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(n, -7);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(n, -2);

let mut n = Integer::from(-14);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(n, -4);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Down);
assert_eq!(n, 2);

let mut n = -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Floor);
assert_eq!(n, 333333333333i64);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Up);
assert_eq!(n, 3);

let mut n = -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Ceiling);
assert_eq!(n, 333333333334i64);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(-5), RoundingMode::Exact);
assert_eq!(n, 2);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(n, 3);

let mut n = Integer::from(-20);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(n, 7);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(n, 2);

let mut n = Integer::from(-14);
n.div_round_assign(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(n, 4);

impl<'a> DivisibleBy<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn divisible_by(self, other: &'a Integer) -> bool

Returns whether an Integer is divisible by another Integer; in other words, whether the first is a multiple of the second. The first Integer is taken by value and the second by reference.

This means that zero is divisible by any Integer, including zero; but a nonzero Integer is never divisible by zero.

It’s more efficient to use this function than to compute the remainder and check whether it’s zero.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivisibleBy;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.divisible_by(&Integer::ZERO), true);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-100).divisible_by(&Integer::from(-3)), false);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(102).divisible_by(&Integer::from(-3)), true);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("-1000000000000000000000000").unwrap()
            .divisible_by(&Integer::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()),
    true
);

impl<'a, 'b> DivisibleBy<&'b Integer> for &'a Integer

fn divisible_by(self, other: &'b Integer) -> bool

Returns whether an Integer is divisible by another Integer; in other words, whether the first is a multiple of the second. Both Integers are taken by reference.

This means that zero is divisible by any Integer, including zero; but a nonzero Integer is never divisible by zero.

It’s more efficient to use this function than to compute the remainder and check whether it’s zero.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivisibleBy;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!((&Integer::ZERO).divisible_by(&Integer::ZERO), true);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-100)).divisible_by(&Integer::from(-3)), false);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(102)).divisible_by(&Integer::from(-3)), true);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from_str("-1000000000000000000000000").unwrap())
            .divisible_by(&Integer::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()),
    true
);

impl DivisibleBy<Integer> for Integer

fn divisible_by(self, other: Integer) -> bool

Returns whether an Integer is divisible by another Integer; in other words, whether the first is a multiple of the second. Both Integers are taken by value.

This means that zero is divisible by any Integer, including zero; but a nonzero Integer is never divisible by zero.

It’s more efficient to use this function than to compute the remainder and check whether it’s zero.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivisibleBy;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.divisible_by(Integer::ZERO), true);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-100).divisible_by(Integer::from(-3)), false);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(102).divisible_by(Integer::from(-3)), true);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("-1000000000000000000000000").unwrap()
            .divisible_by(Integer::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()),
    true
);

impl<'a> DivisibleBy<Integer> for &'a Integer

fn divisible_by(self, other: Integer) -> bool

Returns whether an Integer is divisible by another Integer; in other words, whether the first is a multiple of the second. The first Integer is taken by reference and the second by value.

This means that zero is divisible by any Integer, including zero; but a nonzero Integer is never divisible by zero.

It’s more efficient to use this function than to compute the remainder and check whether it’s zero.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::DivisibleBy;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!((&Integer::ZERO).divisible_by(Integer::ZERO), true);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-100)).divisible_by(Integer::from(-3)), false);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(102)).divisible_by(Integer::from(-3)), true);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from_str("-1000000000000000000000000").unwrap())
            .divisible_by(Integer::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()),
    true
);

impl<'a> DivisibleByPowerOf2 for &'a Integer

fn divisible_by_power_of_2(self, pow: u64) -> bool

Returns whether an Integer is divisible by $2^k$.

$f(x, k) = (2^k|x)$.

$f(x, k) = (\exists n \in \N : \ x = n2^k)$.

If self is 0, the result is always true; otherwise, it is equivalent to self.trailing_zeros().unwrap() <= pow, but more efficient.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is min(pow, self.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{DivisibleByPowerOf2, Pow};
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.divisible_by_power_of_2(100), true);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-100).divisible_by_power_of_2(2), true);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(100u32).divisible_by_power_of_2(3), false);
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).divisible_by_power_of_2(12), true);
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)).divisible_by_power_of_2(13), false);

impl<'a, 'b> EqMod<&'a Integer, &'b Natural> for Integer

fn eq_mod(self, other: &'a Integer, m: &'b Natural) -> bool

Returns whether an Integer is equivalent to another Integer modulo a Natural; that is, whether the difference between the two Integers is a multiple of the Natural. The first number is taken by value and the second and third by reference.

Two Integers are equal to each other modulo 0 iff they are equal.

$f(x, y, m) = (x \equiv y \mod m)$.

$f(x, y, m) = (\exists k \in \Z : x - y = km)$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::EqMod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(123).eq_mod(&Integer::from(223), &Natural::from(100u32)),
    true
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("1000000987654").unwrap().eq_mod(
        &Integer::from_str("-999999012346").unwrap(),
        &Natural::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()
    ),
    true
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("1000000987654").unwrap().eq_mod(
        &Integer::from_str("2000000987655").unwrap(),
        &Natural::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()
    ),
    false
);

impl<'a> EqMod<&'a Integer, Natural> for Integer

fn eq_mod(self, other: &'a Integer, m: Natural) -> bool

Returns whether an Integer is equivalent to another Integer modulo a Natural; that is, whether the difference between the two Integers is a multiple of the Natural. The first and third numbers are taken by value and the second by reference.

Two Integers are equal to each other modulo 0 iff they are equal.

$f(x, y, m) = (x \equiv y \mod m)$.

$f(x, y, m) = (\exists k \in \Z : x - y = km)$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::EqMod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(123).eq_mod(&Integer::from(223), Natural::from(100u32)),
    true
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("1000000987654").unwrap().eq_mod(
        &Integer::from_str("-999999012346").unwrap(),
        Natural::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()
    ),
    true
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("1000000987654").unwrap().eq_mod(
        &Integer::from_str("2000000987655").unwrap(),
        Natural::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()
    ),
    false
);

impl<'a, 'b, 'c> EqMod<&'b Integer, &'c Natural> for &'a Integer

fn eq_mod(self, other: &'b Integer, m: &'c Natural) -> bool

Returns whether an Integer is equivalent to another Integer modulo a Natural; that is, whether the difference between the two Integers is a multiple of the Natural. All three numbers are taken by reference.

Two Integers are equal to each other modulo 0 iff they are equal.

$f(x, y, m) = (x \equiv y \mod m)$.

$f(x, y, m) = (\exists k \in \Z : x - y = km)$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::EqMod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(123)).eq_mod(&Integer::from(223), &Natural::from(100u32)),
    true
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from_str("1000000987654").unwrap()).eq_mod(
        &Integer::from_str("-999999012346").unwrap(),
        &Natural::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()
    ),
    true
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from_str("1000000987654").unwrap()).eq_mod(
        &Integer::from_str("2000000987655").unwrap(),
        &Natural::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()
    ),
    false
);

impl<'a, 'b> EqMod<&'b Integer, Natural> for &'a Integer

fn eq_mod(self, other: &'b Integer, m: Natural) -> bool

Returns whether an Integer is equivalent to another Integer modulo a Natural; that is, whether the difference between the two Integers is a multiple of the Natural. The first two numbers are taken by reference and the third by value.

Two Integers are equal to each other modulo 0 iff they are equal.

$f(x, y, m) = (x \equiv y \mod m)$.

$f(x, y, m) = (\exists k \in \Z : x - y = km)$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::EqMod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(123)).eq_mod(&Integer::from(223), Natural::from(100u32)),
    true
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from_str("1000000987654").unwrap()).eq_mod(
        &Integer::from_str("-999999012346").unwrap(),
        Natural::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()
    ),
    true
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from_str("1000000987654").unwrap()).eq_mod(
        &Integer::from_str("2000000987655").unwrap(),
        Natural::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()
    ),
    false
);

impl<'a> EqMod<Integer, &'a Natural> for Integer

fn eq_mod(self, other: Integer, m: &'a Natural) -> bool

Returns whether an Integer is equivalent to another Integer modulo a Natural; that is, whether the difference between the two Integers is a multiple of the Natural. The first two numbers are taken by value and the third by reference.

Two Integers are equal to each other modulo 0 iff they are equal.

$f(x, y, m) = (x \equiv y \mod m)$.

$f(x, y, m) = (\exists k \in \Z : x - y = km)$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::EqMod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(123).eq_mod(Integer::from(223), &Natural::from(100u32)),
    true
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("1000000987654").unwrap().eq_mod(
        Integer::from_str("-999999012346").unwrap(),
        &Natural::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()
    ),
    true
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("1000000987654").unwrap().eq_mod(
        Integer::from_str("2000000987655").unwrap(),
        &Natural::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()
    ),
    false
);

impl<'a, 'b> EqMod<Integer, &'b Natural> for &'a Integer

fn eq_mod(self, other: Integer, m: &'b Natural) -> bool

Returns whether an Integer is equivalent to another Integer modulo a Natural; that is, whether the difference between the two Integers is a multiple of the Natural. The first and third numbers are taken by reference and the third by value.

Two Integers are equal to each other modulo 0 iff they are equal.

$f(x, y, m) = (x \equiv y \mod m)$.

$f(x, y, m) = (\exists k \in \Z : x - y = km)$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::EqMod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(123)).eq_mod(Integer::from(223), &Natural::from(100u32)),
    true
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from_str("1000000987654").unwrap()).eq_mod(
        Integer::from_str("-999999012346").unwrap(),
        &Natural::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()
    ),
    true
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from_str("1000000987654").unwrap()).eq_mod(
        Integer::from_str("2000000987655").unwrap(),
        &Natural::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()
    ),
    false
);

impl EqMod<Integer, Natural> for Integer

fn eq_mod(self, other: Integer, m: Natural) -> bool

Returns whether an Integer is equivalent to another Integer modulo a Natural; that is, whether the difference between the two Integers is a multiple of the Natural. All three numbers are taken by value.

Two Integers are equal to each other modulo 0 iff they are equal.

$f(x, y, m) = (x \equiv y \mod m)$.

$f(x, y, m) = (\exists k \in \Z : x - y = km)$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::EqMod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(123).eq_mod(Integer::from(223), Natural::from(100u32)),
    true
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("1000000987654").unwrap().eq_mod(
        Integer::from_str("-999999012346").unwrap(),
        Natural::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()
    ),
    true
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("1000000987654").unwrap().eq_mod(
        Integer::from_str("2000000987655").unwrap(),
        Natural::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()
    ),
    false
);

impl<'a> EqMod<Integer, Natural> for &'a Integer

fn eq_mod(self, other: Integer, m: Natural) -> bool

Returns whether an Integer is equivalent to another Integer modulo a Natural; that is, whether the difference between the two Integers is a multiple of the Natural. The first number is taken by reference and the second and third by value.

Two Integers are equal to each other modulo 0 iff they are equal.

$f(x, y, m) = (x \equiv y \mod m)$.

$f(x, y, m) = (\exists k \in \Z : x - y = km)$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log \log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::EqMod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(123)).eq_mod(Integer::from(223), Natural::from(100u32)),
    true
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from_str("1000000987654").unwrap()).eq_mod(
        Integer::from_str("-999999012346").unwrap(),
        Natural::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()
    ),
    true
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from_str("1000000987654").unwrap()).eq_mod(
        Integer::from_str("2000000987655").unwrap(),
        Natural::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()
    ),
    false
);

impl<'a, 'b> EqModPowerOf2<&'b Integer> for &'a Integer

fn eq_mod_power_of_2(self, other: &'b Integer, pow: u64) -> bool

Returns whether one Integer is equal to another modulo $2^k$; that is, whether their $k$ least-significant bits (in two’s complement) are equal.

$f(x, y, k) = (x \equiv y \mod 2^k)$.

$f(x, y, k) = (\exists n \in \Z : x - y = n2^k)$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is min(pow, self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::EqModPowerOf2;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.eq_mod_power_of_2(&Integer::from(-256), 8), true);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-0b1101).eq_mod_power_of_2(&Integer::from(0b11011), 3), true);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-0b1101).eq_mod_power_of_2(&Integer::from(0b11011), 4), false);

impl FloorRoot<u64> for Integer

fn floor_root(self, exp: u64) -> Integer

Returns the floor of the $n$th root of an Integer, taking the Integer by value.

$f(x, n) = \lfloor\sqrt[n]{x}\rfloor$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n (\log n)^2 \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if exp is zero, or if exp is even and self is negative.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::FloorRoot;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(999).floor_root(3), 9);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(1000).floor_root(3), 10);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(1001).floor_root(3), 10);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(100000000000i64).floor_root(5), 158);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-100000000000i64).floor_root(5), -159);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> FloorRoot<u64> for &'a Integer

fn floor_root(self, exp: u64) -> Integer

Returns the floor of the $n$th root of an Integer, taking the Integer by reference.

$f(x, n) = \lfloor\sqrt[n]{x}\rfloor$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n (\log n)^2 \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if exp is zero, or if exp is even and self is negative.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::FloorRoot;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!((&Integer::from(999)).floor_root(3), 9);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(1000)).floor_root(3), 10);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(1001)).floor_root(3), 10);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(100000000000i64)).floor_root(5), 158);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-100000000000i64)).floor_root(5), -159);

type Output = Integer

impl FloorRootAssign<u64> for Integer

fn floor_root_assign(&mut self, exp: u64)

Replaces an Integer with the floor of its $n$th root.

$x \gets \lfloor\sqrt[n]{x}\rfloor$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n (\log n)^2 \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if exp is zero, or if exp is even and self is negative.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::FloorRootAssign;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::from(999);
x.floor_root_assign(3);
assert_eq!(x, 9);

let mut x = Integer::from(1000);
x.floor_root_assign(3);
assert_eq!(x, 10);

let mut x = Integer::from(1001);
x.floor_root_assign(3);
assert_eq!(x, 10);

let mut x = Integer::from(100000000000i64);
x.floor_root_assign(5);
assert_eq!(x, 158);

let mut x = Integer::from(-100000000000i64);
x.floor_root_assign(5);
assert_eq!(x, -159);

impl FloorSqrt for Integer

fn floor_sqrt(self) -> Integer

Returns the floor of the square root of an Integer, taking it by value.

$f(x) = \lfloor\sqrt{x}\rfloor$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if self is negative.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::FloorSqrt;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(99).floor_sqrt(), 9);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(100).floor_sqrt(), 10);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(101).floor_sqrt(), 10);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(1000000000).floor_sqrt(), 31622);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(10000000000u64).floor_sqrt(), 100000);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> FloorSqrt for &'a Integer

fn floor_sqrt(self) -> Integer

Returns the floor of the square root of an Integer, taking it by reference.

$f(x) = \lfloor\sqrt{x}\rfloor$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if self is negative.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::FloorSqrt;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!((&Integer::from(99)).floor_sqrt(), 9);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(100)).floor_sqrt(), 10);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(101)).floor_sqrt(), 10);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(1000000000)).floor_sqrt(), 31622);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(10000000000u64)).floor_sqrt(), 100000);

type Output = Integer

impl FloorSqrtAssign for Integer

fn floor_sqrt_assign(&mut self)

Replaces an Integer with the floor of its square root.

$x \gets \lfloor\sqrt{x}\rfloor$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if self is negative.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::FloorSqrtAssign;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::from(99);
x.floor_sqrt_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 9);

let mut x = Integer::from(100);
x.floor_sqrt_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 10);

let mut x = Integer::from(101);
x.floor_sqrt_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 10);

let mut x = Integer::from(1000000000);
x.floor_sqrt_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 31622);

let mut x = Integer::from(10000000000u64);
x.floor_sqrt_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 100000);

impl<'a> From<&'a Integer> for f32

fn from(value: &'a Integer) -> f32

Converts an Integer to a primitive float.

If there are two nearest floats, the one whose least-significant bit is zero is chosen. If the Integer is larger than the maximum finite float, then the result is the maximum finite float.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is value.significant_bits().

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> From<&'a Integer> for f64

fn from(value: &'a Integer) -> f64

Converts an Integer to a primitive float.

If there are two nearest floats, the one whose least-significant bit is zero is chosen. If the Integer is larger than the maximum finite float, then the result is the maximum finite float.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is value.significant_bits().

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> From<&'a Natural> for Integer

fn from(value: &'a Natural) -> Integer

Converts a Natural to an Integer, taking the Natural by reference.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is value.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(&Natural::from(123u32)), 123);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(&Natural::from(10u32).pow(12)), 1000000000000u64);

impl From<Natural> for Integer

fn from(value: Natural) -> Integer

Converts a Natural to an Integer, taking the Natural by value.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(Natural::from(123u32)), 123);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(Natural::from(10u32).pow(12)), 1000000000000u64);

impl From<f32> for Integer

fn from(value: f32) -> Integer

Converts a primitive float to the nearest Integer.

Floating-point values exactly between two Integers are rounded to the even one. The floating point value cannot be NaN or infinite.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is value.sci_exponent().

Panics

Panics if value is NaN or infinite.

Examples

See here.

impl From<f64> for Integer

fn from(value: f64) -> Integer

Converts a primitive float to the nearest Integer.

Floating-point values exactly between two Integers are rounded to the even one. The floating point value cannot be NaN or infinite.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is value.sci_exponent().

Panics

Panics if value is NaN or infinite.

Examples

See here.

impl From<i128> for Integer

fn from(i: i128) -> Integer

Converts a signed primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl From<i16> for Integer

fn from(i: i16) -> Integer

Converts a signed primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl From<i32> for Integer

fn from(i: i32) -> Integer

Converts a signed primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl From<i64> for Integer

fn from(i: i64) -> Integer

Converts a signed primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl From<i8> for Integer

fn from(i: i8) -> Integer

Converts a signed primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl From<isize> for Integer

fn from(i: isize) -> Integer

Converts a signed primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl From<u128> for Integer

fn from(u: u128) -> Integer

Converts an unsigned primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl From<u16> for Integer

fn from(u: u16) -> Integer

Converts an unsigned primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl From<u32> for Integer

fn from(u: u32) -> Integer

Converts an unsigned primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl From<u64> for Integer

fn from(u: u64) -> Integer

Converts an unsigned primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl From<u8> for Integer

fn from(u: u8) -> Integer

Converts an unsigned primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl From<usize> for Integer

fn from(u: usize) -> Integer

Converts an unsigned primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl FromSciString for Integer

fn from_sci_string_with_options(
    s: &str,
    options: FromSciStringOptions
) -> Option<Integer>

Converts a string, possibly in scientfic notation, to an Integer.

Use FromSciStringOptions to specify the base (from 2 to 36, inclusive) and the rounding mode, in case rounding is necessary because the string represents a non-integer.

If the base is greater than 10, the higher digits are represented by the letters 'a' through 'z' or 'A' through 'Z'; the case doesn’t matter and doesn’t need to be consistent.

Exponents are allowed, and are indicated using the character 'e' or 'E'. If the base is 15 or greater, an ambiguity arises where it may not be clear whether 'e' is a digit or an exponent indicator. To resolve this ambiguity, always use a '+' or '-' sign after the exponent indicator when the base is 15 or greater.

The exponent itself is always parsed using base 10.

Decimal (or other-base) points are allowed. These are most useful in conjunction with exponents, but they may be used on their own. If the string represents a non-integer, the rounding mode specified in options is used to round to an integer.

If the string is unparseable, None is returned. None is also returned if the rounding mode in options is Exact, but rounding is necessary.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m^n n \log m (\log n + \log\log m))$

$M(n, m) = O(m^n n \log m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is s.len(), and $m$ is options.base.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::conversion::string::options::FromSciStringOptions;
use malachite_base::num::conversion::traits::FromSciString;
use malachite_base::rounding_modes::RoundingMode;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from_sci_string("123").unwrap(), 123);
assert_eq!(Integer::from_sci_string("123.5").unwrap(), 124);
assert_eq!(Integer::from_sci_string("-123.5").unwrap(), -124);
assert_eq!(Integer::from_sci_string("1.23e10").unwrap(), 12300000000i64);

let mut options = FromSciStringOptions::default();
assert_eq!(Integer::from_sci_string_with_options("123.5", options).unwrap(), 124);

options.set_rounding_mode(RoundingMode::Floor);
assert_eq!(Integer::from_sci_string_with_options("123.5", options).unwrap(), 123);

options = FromSciStringOptions::default();
options.set_base(16);
assert_eq!(Integer::from_sci_string_with_options("ff", options).unwrap(), 255);

fn from_sci_string(s: &str) -> Option<Self>

Converts a &str, possibly in scientific notation, to a number, using the default FromSciStringOptions.

impl FromStr for Integer

fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Integer, ()>

Converts an string to an Integer.

If the string does not represent a valid Integer, an Err is returned. To be valid, the string must be nonempty and only contain the chars '0' through '9', with an optional leading '-'. Leading zeros are allowed, as is the string "-0". The string "-" is not.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n (\log n)^2 \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is s.len().

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(Integer::from_str("123456").unwrap(), 123456);
assert_eq!(Integer::from_str("00123456").unwrap(), 123456);
assert_eq!(Integer::from_str("0").unwrap(), 0);
assert_eq!(Integer::from_str("-123456").unwrap(), -123456);
assert_eq!(Integer::from_str("-00123456").unwrap(), -123456);
assert_eq!(Integer::from_str("-0").unwrap(), 0);

assert!(Integer::from_str("").is_err());
assert!(Integer::from_str("a").is_err());

type Err = ()

The associated error which can be returned from parsing.

impl FromStringBase for Integer

fn from_string_base(base: u8, s: &str) -> Option<Integer>

Converts an string, in a specified base, to an Integer.

If the string does not represent a valid Integer, an Err is returned. To be valid, the string must be nonempty and only contain the chars '0' through '9', 'a' through 'z', and 'A' through 'Z', with an optional leading '-'; and only characters that represent digits smaller than the base are allowed. Leading zeros are allowed, as is the string "-0". The string "-" is not.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n (\log n)^2 \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is s.len().

Panics

Panics if base is less than 2 or greater than 36.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::conversion::traits::{Digits, FromStringBase};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from_string_base(10, "123456").unwrap(), 123456);
assert_eq!(Integer::from_string_base(10, "00123456").unwrap(), 123456);
assert_eq!(Integer::from_string_base(16, "0").unwrap(), 0);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_string_base(16, "deadbeef").unwrap(),
    3735928559i64
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_string_base(16, "deAdBeEf").unwrap(),
    3735928559i64
);
assert_eq!(Integer::from_string_base(10, "-123456").unwrap(), -123456);
assert_eq!(Integer::from_string_base(10, "-00123456").unwrap(), -123456);
assert_eq!(Integer::from_string_base(16, "-0").unwrap(), 0);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_string_base(16, "-deadbeef").unwrap(),
    -3735928559i64
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_string_base(16, "-deAdBeEf").unwrap(),
    -3735928559i64
);

assert!(Integer::from_string_base(10, "").is_none());
assert!(Integer::from_string_base(10, "a").is_none());
assert!(Integer::from_string_base(2, "2").is_none());
assert!(Integer::from_string_base(2, "-2").is_none());

impl Hash for Integer

fn hash<__H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut __H)

Feeds this value into the given Hasher.

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H) where
    H: Hasher, 

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher.

impl<'a> IsInteger for &'a Integer

fn is_integer(self) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer is an integer. It always returns true.

$f(x) = \textrm{true}$.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::{NegativeOne, One, Zero};
use malachite_base::num::conversion::traits::IsInteger;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.is_integer(), true);
assert_eq!(Integer::ONE.is_integer(), true);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(100).is_integer(), true);
assert_eq!(Integer::NEGATIVE_ONE.is_integer(), true);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-100).is_integer(), true);

impl LowMask for Integer

fn low_mask(bits: u64) -> Integer

Returns an Integer whose least significant $b$ bits are true and whose other bits are false.

$f(b) = 2^b - 1$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is bits.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::logic::traits::LowMask;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::low_mask(0), 0);
assert_eq!(Integer::low_mask(3), 7);
assert_eq!(Integer::low_mask(100).to_string(), "1267650600228229401496703205375");

impl LowerHex for Integer

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Converts an Integer to a hexadecimal String using lowercase characters.

Using the # format flag prepends "0x" to the string.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_base::strings::ToLowerHexString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.to_lower_hex_string(), "0");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).to_lower_hex_string(), "7b");
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("1000000000000")
        .unwrap()
        .to_lower_hex_string(),
    "e8d4a51000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:07x}", Integer::from(123)), "000007b");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123).to_lower_hex_string(), "-7b");
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("-1000000000000")
        .unwrap()
        .to_lower_hex_string(),
    "-e8d4a51000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:07x}", Integer::from(-123)), "-00007b");

assert_eq!(format!("{:#x}", Integer::ZERO), "0x0");
assert_eq!(format!("{:#x}", Integer::from(123)), "0x7b");
assert_eq!(
    format!("{:#x}", Integer::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()),
    "0xe8d4a51000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:#07x}", Integer::from(123)), "0x0007b");
assert_eq!(format!("{:#x}", Integer::from(-123)), "-0x7b");
assert_eq!(
    format!("{:#x}", Integer::from_str("-1000000000000").unwrap()),
    "-0xe8d4a51000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:#07x}", Integer::from(-123)), "-0x007b");

impl<'a> Mod<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn mod_op(self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by value and the second by reference and returning just the remainder. The remainder has the same sign as the second Integer.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y\left \lfloor \frac{x}{y} \right \rfloor. $$

This function is called mod_op rather than mod because mod is a Rust keyword.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Mod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23).mod_op(&Integer::from(10)), 3);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23).mod_op(&Integer::from(-10)), -7);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23).mod_op(&Integer::from(10)), 7);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23).mod_op(&Integer::from(-10)), -3);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a, 'b> Mod<&'b Integer> for &'a Integer

fn mod_op(self, other: &'b Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both by reference and returning just the remainder. The remainder has the same sign as the second Integer.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y\left \lfloor \frac{x}{y} \right \rfloor. $$

This function is called mod_op rather than mod because mod is a Rust keyword.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Mod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(23)).mod_op(&Integer::from(10)), 3);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(23)).mod_op(&Integer::from(-10)), -7);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-23)).mod_op(&Integer::from(10)), 7);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-23)).mod_op(&Integer::from(-10)), -3);

type Output = Integer

impl Mod<Integer> for Integer

fn mod_op(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both by value and returning just the remainder. The remainder has the same sign as the second Integer.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y\left \lfloor \frac{x}{y} \right \rfloor. $$

This function is called mod_op rather than mod because mod is a Rust keyword.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Mod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23).mod_op(Integer::from(10)), 3);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23).mod_op(Integer::from(-10)), -7);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23).mod_op(Integer::from(10)), 7);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23).mod_op(Integer::from(-10)), -3);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> Mod<Integer> for &'a Integer

fn mod_op(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by reference and the second by value and returning just the remainder. The remainder has the same sign as the second Integer.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y\left \lfloor \frac{x}{y} \right \rfloor. $$

This function is called mod_op rather than mod because mod is a Rust keyword.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Mod;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(23)).mod_op(Integer::from(10)), 3);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(23)).mod_op(Integer::from(-10)), -7);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-23)).mod_op(Integer::from(10)), 7);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-23)).mod_op(Integer::from(-10)), -3);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ModAssign<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn mod_assign(&mut self, other: &'a Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the second Integer by reference and replacing the first by the remainder. The remainder has the same sign as the second Integer.

If the quotient were computed, he quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ x \gets x - y\left \lfloor \frac{x}{y} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::ModAssign;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
x.mod_assign(&Integer::from(10));
assert_eq!(x, 3);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
x.mod_assign(&Integer::from(-10));
assert_eq!(x, -7);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
x.mod_assign(&Integer::from(10));
assert_eq!(x, 7);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
x.mod_assign(&Integer::from(-10));
assert_eq!(x, -3);

impl ModAssign<Integer> for Integer

fn mod_assign(&mut self, other: Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the second Integer by value and replacing the first by the remainder. The remainder has the same sign as the second Integer.

If the quotient were computed, he quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ x \gets x - y\left \lfloor \frac{x}{y} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::ModAssign;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
x.mod_assign(Integer::from(10));
assert_eq!(x, 3);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
x.mod_assign(Integer::from(-10));
assert_eq!(x, -7);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
x.mod_assign(Integer::from(10));
assert_eq!(x, 7);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
x.mod_assign(Integer::from(-10));
assert_eq!(x, -3);

impl ModPowerOf2 for Integer

fn mod_power_of_2(self, pow: u64) -> Natural

Divides an Integer by $2^k$, taking it by value and returning just the remainder. The remainder is non-negative.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = q2^k + r$ and $0 \leq r < 2^k$.

$$ f(x, k) = x - 2^k\left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Unlike rem_power_of_2, this function always returns a non-negative number.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is pow.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::ModPowerOf2;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 1 * 2^8 + 4 = 260
assert_eq!(Integer::from(260).mod_power_of_2(8), 4);

// -101 * 2^4 + 5 = -1611
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-1611).mod_power_of_2(4), 5);

type Output = Natural

impl<'a> ModPowerOf2 for &'a Integer

fn mod_power_of_2(self, pow: u64) -> Natural

Divides an Integer by $2^k$, taking it by reference and returning just the remainder. The remainder is non-negative.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = q2^k + r$ and $0 \leq r < 2^k$.

$$ f(x, k) = x - 2^k\left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Unlike rem_power_of_2, this function always returns a non-negative number.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is pow.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::ModPowerOf2;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 1 * 2^8 + 4 = 260
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(260)).mod_power_of_2(8), 4);
// -101 * 2^4 + 5 = -1611
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-1611)).mod_power_of_2(4), 5);

type Output = Natural

impl ModPowerOf2Assign for Integer

fn mod_power_of_2_assign(&mut self, pow: u64)

Divides an Integer by $2^k$, replacing the Integer by the remainder. The remainder is non-negative.

If the quotient were computed, he quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = q2^k + r$ and $0 \leq r < 2^k$.

$$ x \gets x - 2^k\left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Unlike rem_power_of_2_assign, this function always assigns a non-negative number.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is pow.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::ModPowerOf2Assign;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 1 * 2^8 + 4 = 260
let mut x = Integer::from(260);
x.mod_power_of_2_assign(8);
assert_eq!(x, 4);

// -101 * 2^4 + 5 = -1611
let mut x = Integer::from(-1611);
x.mod_power_of_2_assign(4);
assert_eq!(x, 5);

impl<'a> Mul<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn mul(self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Multiplies two Integers, taking the first by value and the second by reference.

$$ f(x, y) = xy. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::{One, Zero};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(Integer::ONE * &Integer::from(123), 123);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(123) * &Integer::ZERO, 0);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(123) * &Integer::from(-456), -56088);
assert_eq!(
    (Integer::from(-123456789000i64) * &Integer::from(-987654321000i64)).to_string(),
    "121932631112635269000000"
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

impl<'a, 'b> Mul<&'a Integer> for &'b Integer

fn mul(self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Multiplies two Integers, taking both by reference.

$$ f(x, y) = xy. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::{One, Zero};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(&Integer::ONE * &Integer::from(123), 123);
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(123) * &Integer::ZERO, 0);
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(123) * &Integer::from(-456), -56088);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-123456789000i64) * &Integer::from(-987654321000i64)).to_string(),
    "121932631112635269000000"
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

impl Mul<Integer> for Integer

fn mul(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Multiplies two Integers, taking both by value.

$$ f(x, y) = xy. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::{One, Zero};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(Integer::ONE * Integer::from(123), 123);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(123) * Integer::ZERO, 0);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(123) * Integer::from(-456), -56088);
assert_eq!(
    (Integer::from(-123456789000i64) * Integer::from(-987654321000i64)).to_string(),
    "121932631112635269000000"
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

impl<'a> Mul<Integer> for &'a Integer

fn mul(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Multiplies two Integers, taking the first by reference and the second by value.

$$ f(x, y) = xy. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::{One, Zero};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(&Integer::ONE * Integer::from(123), 123);
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(123) * Integer::ZERO, 0);
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(123) * Integer::from(-456), -56088);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-123456789000i64) * Integer::from(-987654321000i64)).to_string(),
    "121932631112635269000000"
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

impl<'a> MulAssign<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn mul_assign(&mut self, other: &'a Integer)

Multiplies an Integer by an Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by reference.

$$ x \gets = xy. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::NegativeOne;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

let mut x = Integer::NEGATIVE_ONE;
x *= &Integer::from(1000);
x *= &Integer::from(2000);
x *= &Integer::from(3000);
x *= &Integer::from(4000);
assert_eq!(x, -24000000000000i64);

impl MulAssign<Integer> for Integer

fn mul_assign(&mut self, other: Integer)

Multiplies an Integer by an Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by value.

$$ x \gets = xy. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::NegativeOne;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

let mut x = Integer::NEGATIVE_ONE;
x *= Integer::from(1000);
x *= Integer::from(2000);
x *= Integer::from(3000);
x *= Integer::from(4000);
assert_eq!(x, -24000000000000i64);

impl Named for Integer

const NAME: &'static str = "Integer"

The name of this type, as given by the stringify macro.

See the documentation for impl_named for more details.

impl Neg for Integer

fn neg(self) -> Integer

Negates an Integer, taking it by value.

$$ f(x) = -x. $$

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(-Integer::ZERO, 0);
assert_eq!(-Integer::from(123), -123);
assert_eq!(-Integer::from(-123), 123);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

impl<'a> Neg for &'a Integer

fn neg(self) -> Integer

Negates an Integer, taking it by reference.

$$ f(x) = -x. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(-&Integer::ZERO, 0);
assert_eq!(-&Integer::from(123), -123);
assert_eq!(-&Integer::from(-123), 123);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

impl NegAssign for Integer

fn neg_assign(&mut self)

Negates an Integer in place.

$$ x \gets -x. $$

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::NegAssign;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::ZERO;
x.neg_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 0);

let mut x = Integer::from(123);
x.neg_assign();
assert_eq!(x, -123);

let mut x = Integer::from(-123);
x.neg_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 123);

impl NegativeOne for Integer

The constant -1.

const NEGATIVE_ONE: Integer = Integer{sign: false, abs: Natural(Small(1)),}

impl Not for Integer

fn not(self) -> Integer

Returns the bitwise negation of an Integer, taking it by value.

$$ f(n) = -n - 1. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(!Integer::ZERO, -1);
assert_eq!(!Integer::from(123), -124);
assert_eq!(!Integer::from(-123), 122);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the ! operator.

impl<'a> Not for &'a Integer

fn not(self) -> Integer

Returns the bitwise negation of an Integer, taking it by reference.

$$ f(n) = -n - 1. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(!&Integer::ZERO, -1);
assert_eq!(!&Integer::from(123), -124);
assert_eq!(!&Integer::from(-123), 122);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the ! operator.

impl NotAssign for Integer

fn not_assign(&mut self)

Replaces an Integer with its bitwise negation.

$$ n \gets -n - 1. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_base::num::logic::traits::NotAssign;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::ZERO;
x.not_assign();
assert_eq!(x, -1);

let mut x = Integer::from(123);
x.not_assign();
assert_eq!(x, -124);

let mut x = Integer::from(-123);
x.not_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 122);

impl Octal for Integer

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Converts an Integer to an octal String.

Using the # format flag prepends "0o" to the string.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_base::strings::ToOctalString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.to_octal_string(), "0");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).to_octal_string(), "173");
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("1000000000000")
        .unwrap()
        .to_octal_string(),
    "16432451210000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:07o}", Integer::from(123)), "0000173");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123).to_octal_string(), "-173");
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("-1000000000000")
        .unwrap()
        .to_octal_string(),
    "-16432451210000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:07o}", Integer::from(-123)), "-000173");

assert_eq!(format!("{:#o}", Integer::ZERO), "0o0");
assert_eq!(format!("{:#o}", Integer::from(123)), "0o173");
assert_eq!(
    format!("{:#o}", Integer::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()),
    "0o16432451210000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:#07o}", Integer::from(123)), "0o00173");
assert_eq!(format!("{:#o}", Integer::from(-123)), "-0o173");
assert_eq!(
    format!("{:#o}", Integer::from_str("-1000000000000").unwrap()),
    "-0o16432451210000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:#07o}", Integer::from(-123)), "-0o0173");

impl One for Integer

The constant 1.

const ONE: Integer = Integer{sign: true, abs: Natural(Small(1)),}

impl Ord for Integer

fn cmp(&self, other: &Integer) -> Ordering

Compares two Integers.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is min(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert!(Integer::from(-123) < Integer::from(-122));
assert!(Integer::from(-123) <= Integer::from(-122));
assert!(Integer::from(-123) > Integer::from(-124));
assert!(Integer::from(-123) >= Integer::from(-124));

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self

Compares and returns the maximum of two values.

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self

Compares and returns the minimum of two values.

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self

Restrict a value to a certain interval.

impl OrdAbs for Integer

fn cmp_abs(&self, other: &Integer) -> Ordering

Compares the absolute values of two Integers.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is min(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::comparison::traits::PartialOrdAbs;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert!(Integer::from(-123).lt_abs(&Integer::from(-124)));
assert!(Integer::from(-123).le_abs(&Integer::from(-124)));
assert!(Integer::from(-124).gt_abs(&Integer::from(-123)));
assert!(Integer::from(-124).ge_abs(&Integer::from(-123)));

impl<'a> OverflowingFrom<&'a Integer> for u8

fn overflowing_from(value: &Integer) -> (u8, bool)

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

The returned boolean value indicates whether wrapping occurred.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> OverflowingFrom<&'a Integer> for i8

fn overflowing_from(value: &Integer) -> (i8, bool)

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

The returned boolean value indicates whether wrapping occurred.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> OverflowingFrom<&'a Integer> for usize

fn overflowing_from(value: &Integer) -> (usize, bool)

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

The returned boolean value indicates whether wrapping occurred.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> OverflowingFrom<&'a Integer> for isize

fn overflowing_from(value: &Integer) -> (isize, bool)

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

The returned boolean value indicates whether wrapping occurred.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> OverflowingFrom<&'a Integer> for u16

fn overflowing_from(value: &Integer) -> (u16, bool)

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

The returned boolean value indicates whether wrapping occurred.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> OverflowingFrom<&'a Integer> for i16

fn overflowing_from(value: &Integer) -> (i16, bool)

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

The returned boolean value indicates whether wrapping occurred.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> OverflowingFrom<&'a Integer> for u32

fn overflowing_from(value: &Integer) -> (u32, bool)

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

The returned boolean value indicates whether wrapping occurred.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> OverflowingFrom<&'a Integer> for i32

fn overflowing_from(value: &Integer) -> (i32, bool)

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

The returned boolean value indicates whether wrapping occurred.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> OverflowingFrom<&'a Integer> for u64

fn overflowing_from(value: &Integer) -> (u64, bool)

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

The returned boolean value indicates whether wrapping occurred.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> OverflowingFrom<&'a Integer> for i64

fn overflowing_from(value: &Integer) -> (i64, bool)

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

The returned boolean value indicates whether wrapping occurred.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> OverflowingFrom<&'a Integer> for u128

fn overflowing_from(value: &Integer) -> (u128, bool)

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

The returned boolean value indicates whether wrapping occurred.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> OverflowingFrom<&'a Integer> for i128

fn overflowing_from(value: &Integer) -> (i128, bool)

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

The returned boolean value indicates whether wrapping occurred.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> Parity for &'a Integer

fn even(self) -> bool

Tests whether an Integer is even.

$f(x) = (2|x)$.

$f(x) = (\exists k \in \N : x = 2k)$.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{Parity, Pow};
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::{One, Zero};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.even(), true);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).even(), false);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-0x80).even(), true);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12).even(), true);
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) - Integer::ONE).even(), false);

fn odd(self) -> bool

Tests whether an Integer is odd.

$f(x) = (2\nmid x)$.

$f(x) = (\exists k \in \N : x = 2k+1)$.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{Parity, Pow};
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::{One, Zero};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.odd(), false);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).odd(), true);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-0x80).odd(), false);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12).odd(), false);
assert_eq!((-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) - Integer::ONE).odd(), true);

impl PartialEq<Integer> for Integer

fn eq(&self, other: &Integer) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Integer) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<Integer> for Natural

fn eq(&self, other: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether a Natural is equal to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where n = min(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits())

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;

assert!(Natural::from(123u32) == Integer::from(123));
assert!(Natural::from(123u32) != Integer::from(5));

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<Integer> for i8

fn eq(&self, other: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether a signed primitive integer is equal to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<Integer> for i16

fn eq(&self, other: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether a signed primitive integer is equal to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<Integer> for i32

fn eq(&self, other: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether a signed primitive integer is equal to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<Integer> for i64

fn eq(&self, other: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether a signed primitive integer is equal to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<Integer> for i128

fn eq(&self, other: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether a signed primitive integer is equal to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<Integer> for isize

fn eq(&self, other: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether a signed primitive integer is equal to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<Integer> for f32

fn eq(&self, other: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether a primitive float is equal to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is other.significant_bits().

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<Integer> for f64

fn eq(&self, other: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether a primitive float is equal to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is other.significant_bits().

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<Integer> for u8

fn eq(&self, other: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an unsigned primitive integer is equal to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<Integer> for u16

fn eq(&self, other: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an unsigned primitive integer is equal to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<Integer> for u32

fn eq(&self, other: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an unsigned primitive integer is equal to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<Integer> for u64

fn eq(&self, other: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an unsigned primitive integer is equal to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<Integer> for u128

fn eq(&self, other: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an unsigned primitive integer is equal to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<Integer> for usize

fn eq(&self, other: &Integer) -> bool

Determines whether an unsigned primitive integer is equal to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<Natural> for Integer

fn eq(&self, other: &Natural) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer is equal to a Natural.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where n = min(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits())

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;

assert!(Integer::from(123) == Natural::from(123u32));
assert!(Integer::from(123) != Natural::from(5u32));

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<f32> for Integer

fn eq(&self, other: &f32) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer is equal to a primitive float.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<f64> for Integer

fn eq(&self, other: &f64) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer is equal to a primitive float.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<i128> for Integer

fn eq(&self, other: &i128) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer is equal to a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<i16> for Integer

fn eq(&self, other: &i16) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer is equal to a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<i32> for Integer

fn eq(&self, other: &i32) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer is equal to a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<i64> for Integer

fn eq(&self, other: &i64) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer is equal to a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<i8> for Integer

fn eq(&self, other: &i8) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer is equal to a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<isize> for Integer

fn eq(&self, other: &isize) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer is equal to a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<u128> for Integer

fn eq(&self, other: &u128) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer is equal to an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<u16> for Integer

fn eq(&self, other: &u16) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer is equal to an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<u32> for Integer

fn eq(&self, other: &u32) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer is equal to an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<u64> for Integer

fn eq(&self, other: &u64) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer is equal to an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<u8> for Integer

fn eq(&self, other: &u8) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer is equal to an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialEq<usize> for Integer

fn eq(&self, other: &usize) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer is equal to an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialOrd<Integer> for Integer

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares two Integers.

See the documentation for the Ord implementation.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<Integer> for Natural

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares a Natural to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where n = min(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;

assert!(Natural::from(123u32) > Integer::from(122));
assert!(Natural::from(123u32) >= Integer::from(122));
assert!(Natural::from(123u32) < Integer::from(124));
assert!(Natural::from(123u32) <= Integer::from(124));
assert!(Natural::from(123u32) > Integer::from(-123));
assert!(Natural::from(123u32) >= Integer::from(-123));

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<Integer> for i8

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares a signed primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<Integer> for i16

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares a signed primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<Integer> for i32

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares a signed primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<Integer> for i64

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares a signed primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<Integer> for i128

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares a signed primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<Integer> for isize

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares a signed primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<Integer> for f32

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares a primitive float to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where n = other.significant_bits()

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<Integer> for f64

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares a primitive float to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where n = other.significant_bits()

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<Integer> for u8

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an unsigned primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<Integer> for u16

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an unsigned primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<Integer> for u32

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an unsigned primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<Integer> for u64

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an unsigned primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<Integer> for u128

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an unsigned primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<Integer> for usize

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an unsigned primitive integer to an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<Natural> for Integer

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Natural) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an Integer to a Natural.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where n = min(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;

assert!(Integer::from(123) > Natural::from(122u32));
assert!(Integer::from(123) >= Natural::from(122u32));
assert!(Integer::from(123) < Natural::from(124u32));
assert!(Integer::from(123) <= Natural::from(124u32));
assert!(Integer::from(-123) < Natural::from(123u32));
assert!(Integer::from(-123) <= Natural::from(123u32));

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<f32> for Integer

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &f32) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an Integer to a primitive float.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where n = self.significant_bits().

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<f64> for Integer

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &f64) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an Integer to a primitive float.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where n = self.significant_bits().

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<i128> for Integer

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &i128) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an Integer to a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<i16> for Integer

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &i16) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an Integer to a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<i32> for Integer

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &i32) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an Integer to a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<i64> for Integer

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &i64) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an Integer to a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<i8> for Integer

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &i8) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an Integer to a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<isize> for Integer

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &isize) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an Integer to a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<u128> for Integer

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &u128) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<u16> for Integer

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &u16) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<u32> for Integer

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &u32) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<u64> for Integer

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &u64) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<u8> for Integer

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &u8) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrd<usize> for Integer

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &usize) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl PartialOrdAbs<Integer> for Integer

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of two Integers.

See the documentation for the OrdAbs implementation.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<Integer> for Natural

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of a Natural and an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is min(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::comparison::traits::PartialOrdAbs;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;

assert!(Natural::from(123u32).gt_abs(&Integer::from(122)));
assert!(Natural::from(123u32).ge_abs(&Integer::from(122)));
assert!(Natural::from(123u32).lt_abs(&Integer::from(124)));
assert!(Natural::from(123u32).le_abs(&Integer::from(124)));
assert!(Natural::from(123u32).lt_abs(&Integer::from(-124)));
assert!(Natural::from(123u32).le_abs(&Integer::from(-124)));

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<Integer> for i8

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of a signed primitive integer and an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<Integer> for i16

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of a signed primitive integer and an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<Integer> for i32

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of a signed primitive integer and an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<Integer> for i64

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of a signed primitive integer and an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<Integer> for i128

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of a signed primitive integer and an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<Integer> for isize

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of a signed primitive integer and an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<Integer> for f32

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of a primitive float and an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is other.significant_bits().

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<Integer> for f64

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of a primitive float and an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is other.significant_bits().

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<Integer> for u8

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an unsigned primitive integer and an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<Integer> for u16

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an unsigned primitive integer and an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<Integer> for u32

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an unsigned primitive integer and an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<Integer> for u64

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an unsigned primitive integer and an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<Integer> for u128

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an unsigned primitive integer and an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<Integer> for usize

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &Integer) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an unsigned primitive integer and an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<Natural> for Integer

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &Natural) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an Integer and a Natural.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is min(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::comparison::traits::PartialOrdAbs;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;

assert!(Integer::from(123).gt_abs(&Natural::from(122u32)));
assert!(Integer::from(123).ge_abs(&Natural::from(122u32)));
assert!(Integer::from(123).lt_abs(&Natural::from(124u32)));
assert!(Integer::from(123).le_abs(&Natural::from(124u32)));
assert!(Integer::from(-124).gt_abs(&Natural::from(123u32)));
assert!(Integer::from(-124).ge_abs(&Natural::from(123u32)));

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<f32> for Integer

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &f32) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an Integer and a primitive float.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<f64> for Integer

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &f64) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an Integer and a primitive float.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<i128> for Integer

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &i128) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an Integer and a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<i16> for Integer

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &i16) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an Integer and a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<i32> for Integer

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &i32) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an Integer and a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<i64> for Integer

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &i64) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an Integer and a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<i8> for Integer

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &i8) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an Integer and a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<isize> for Integer

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &isize) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an Integer and a signed primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<u128> for Integer

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &u128) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an Integer and an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<u16> for Integer

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &u16) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an Integer and an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<u32> for Integer

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &u32) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an Integer and an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<u64> for Integer

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &u64) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an Integer and an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<u8> for Integer

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &u8) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an Integer and an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl PartialOrdAbs<usize> for Integer

fn partial_cmp_abs(&self, other: &usize) -> Option<Ordering>

Compares the absolute values of an Integer and an unsigned primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

fn lt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than the absolute value of another.

fn le_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is less than or equal to the absolute value of another.

fn gt_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than the absolute value of another.

fn ge_abs(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Determines whether the absolute value of one number is greater than or equal to the absolute value of another.

impl Pow<u64> for Integer

fn pow(self, exp: u64) -> Integer

Raises an Integer to a power, taking the Integer by value.

$f(x, n) = x^n$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(nm \log (nm) \log\log (nm))$

$M(n, m) = O(nm \log (nm))$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is exp.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-3).pow(100).to_string(),
    "515377520732011331036461129765621272702107522001"
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("-12345678987654321").unwrap().pow(3).to_string(),
    "-1881676411868862234942354805142998028003108518161"
);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> Pow<u64> for &'a Integer

fn pow(self, exp: u64) -> Integer

Raises an Integer to a power, taking the Integer by reference.

$f(x, n) = x^n$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(nm \log (nm) \log\log (nm))$

$M(n, m) = O(nm \log (nm))$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is exp.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-3)).pow(100).to_string(),
    "515377520732011331036461129765621272702107522001"
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from_str("-12345678987654321").unwrap()).pow(3).to_string(),
    "-1881676411868862234942354805142998028003108518161"
);

type Output = Integer

impl PowAssign<u64> for Integer

fn pow_assign(&mut self, exp: u64)

Raises an Integer to a power in place.

$x \gets x^n$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(nm \log (nm) \log\log (nm))$

$M(n, m) = O(nm \log (nm))$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is exp.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::PowAssign;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

let mut x = Integer::from(-3);
x.pow_assign(100);
assert_eq!(x.to_string(), "515377520732011331036461129765621272702107522001");

let mut x = Integer::from_str("-12345678987654321").unwrap();
x.pow_assign(3);
assert_eq!(x.to_string(), "-1881676411868862234942354805142998028003108518161");

impl PowerOf2<u64> for Integer

fn power_of_2(pow: u64) -> Integer

Raises 2 to an integer power.

$f(k) = 2^k$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is pow.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::PowerOf2;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::power_of_2(0), 1);
assert_eq!(Integer::power_of_2(3), 8);
assert_eq!(Integer::power_of_2(100).to_string(), "1267650600228229401496703205376");

impl<'a> Rem<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn rem(self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by value and the second by reference and returning just the remainder. The remainder has the same sign as the first Integer.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23) % &Integer::from(10), 3);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23) % &Integer::from(-10), 3);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23) % &Integer::from(10), -3);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23) % &Integer::from(-10), -3);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

impl<'a, 'b> Rem<&'b Integer> for &'a Integer

fn rem(self, other: &'b Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both by reference and returning just the remainder. The remainder has the same sign as the first Integer.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(23) % &Integer::from(10), 3);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(23) % &Integer::from(-10), 3);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(-23) % &Integer::from(10), -3);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(-23) % &Integer::from(-10), -3);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

impl Rem<Integer> for Integer

fn rem(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking both by value and returning just the remainder. The remainder has the same sign as the first Integer.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23) % Integer::from(10), 3);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(23) % Integer::from(-10), 3);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23) % Integer::from(10), -3);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-23) % Integer::from(-10), -3);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

impl<'a> Rem<Integer> for &'a Integer

fn rem(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by reference and the second by value and returning just the remainder. The remainder has the same sign as the first Integer.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(23) % Integer::from(10), 3);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(23) % Integer::from(-10), 3);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(-23) % Integer::from(10), -3);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(-23) % Integer::from(-10), -3);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

impl<'a> RemAssign<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn rem_assign(&mut self, other: &'a Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the second Integer by reference and replacing the first by the remainder. The remainder has the same sign as the first Integer.

If the quotient were computed, he quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ x \gets x - y \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
x %= &Integer::from(10);
assert_eq!(x, 3);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
x %= &Integer::from(-10);
assert_eq!(x, 3);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
x %= &Integer::from(10);
assert_eq!(x, -3);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
x %= &Integer::from(-10);
assert_eq!(x, -3);

impl RemAssign<Integer> for Integer

fn rem_assign(&mut self, other: Integer)

Divides an Integer by another Integer, taking the second Integer by value and replacing the first by the remainder. The remainder has the same sign as the first Integer.

If the quotient were computed, he quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = qy + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < |y|$.

$$ x \gets x - y \operatorname{sgn}(xy) \left \lfloor \left | \frac{x}{y} \right | \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if other is zero.

Examples

use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 2 * 10 + 3 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
x %= Integer::from(10);
assert_eq!(x, 3);

// -3 * -10 + -7 = 23
let mut x = Integer::from(23);
x %= Integer::from(-10);
assert_eq!(x, 3);

// -3 * 10 + 7 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
x %= Integer::from(10);
assert_eq!(x, -3);

// 2 * -10 + -3 = -23
let mut x = Integer::from(-23);
x %= Integer::from(-10);
assert_eq!(x, -3);

impl RemPowerOf2 for Integer

fn rem_power_of_2(self, pow: u64) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by $2^k$, taking it by value and returning just the remainder. The remainder has the same sign as the first number.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = q2^k + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < 2^k$.

$$ f(x, k) = x - 2^k\operatorname{sgn}(x)\left \lfloor \frac{|x|}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Unlike mod_power_of_2, this function always returns zero or a number with the same sign as self.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is pow.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::RemPowerOf2;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 1 * 2^8 + 4 = 260
assert_eq!(Integer::from(260).rem_power_of_2(8), 4);

// -100 * 2^4 + -11 = -1611
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-1611).rem_power_of_2(4), -11);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> RemPowerOf2 for &'a Integer

fn rem_power_of_2(self, pow: u64) -> Integer

Divides an Integer by $2^k$, taking it by reference and returning just the remainder. The remainder has the same sign as the first number.

If the quotient were computed, the quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = q2^k + r$ and $0 \leq |r| < 2^k$.

$$ f(x, k) = x - 2^k\operatorname{sgn}(x)\left \lfloor \frac{|x|}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Unlike mod_power_of_2, this function always returns zero or a number with the same sign as self.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is pow.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::RemPowerOf2;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 1 * 2^8 + 4 = 260
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(260)).rem_power_of_2(8), 4);
// -100 * 2^4 + -11 = -1611
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-1611)).rem_power_of_2(4), -11);

type Output = Integer

impl RemPowerOf2Assign for Integer

fn rem_power_of_2_assign(&mut self, pow: u64)

Divides an Integer by $2^k$, replacing the Integer by the remainder. The remainder has the same sign as the Integer.

If the quotient were computed, he quotient and remainder would satisfy $x = q2^k + r$ and $0 \leq r < 2^k$.

$$ x \gets x - 2^k\operatorname{sgn}(x)\left \lfloor \frac{|x|}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Unlike mod_power_of_2_assign, this function does never changes the sign of self, except possibly to set self to 0.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is pow.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::RemPowerOf2Assign;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

// 1 * 2^8 + 4 = 260
let mut x = Integer::from(260);
x.rem_power_of_2_assign(8);
assert_eq!(x, 4);

// -100 * 2^4 + -11 = -1611
let mut x = Integer::from(-1611);
x.rem_power_of_2_assign(4);
assert_eq!(x, -11);

impl<'a> RoundToMultiple<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn round_to_multiple(self, other: &'a Integer, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Rounds an Integer to a multiple of another Integer, according to a specified rounding mode. The first Integer is taken by value and the second by reference.

Let $q = \frac{x}{|y|}$:

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) |y| \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) |y| \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = |y| \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = |y| \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} y \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2} \\ y \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2} \\ y \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even} \\ y \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd.} \end{cases} $$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

The following two expressions are equivalent:

• x.round_to_multiple(other, RoundingMode::Exact)
• { assert!(x.divisible_by(other)); x }

but the latter should be used as it is clearer and more efficient.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

• If rm is Exact, but self is not a multiple of other.
• If self is nonzero, other is zero, and rm is trying to round away from zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::RoundToMultiple;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_base::rounding_modes::RoundingMode;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-5).round_to_multiple(&Integer::ZERO, RoundingMode::Down), 0);

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Down), -8);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Up), -12);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(5), RoundingMode::Exact),
    -10);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -9);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-20).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -21);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -8);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-14).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -16
);

assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Down),
    -8
);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Up), -12);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(-5), RoundingMode::Exact),
    -10
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -9
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-20).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -21
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -8
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-14).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -16
);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a, 'b> RoundToMultiple<&'b Integer> for &'a Integer

fn round_to_multiple(self, other: &'b Integer, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Rounds an Integer to a multiple of another Integer, according to a specified rounding mode. Both Integers are taken by reference.

Let $q = \frac{x}{|y|}$:

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) |y| \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) |y| \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = |y| \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = |y| \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} y \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2} \\ y \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2} \\ y \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even} \\ y \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd.} \end{cases} $$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

The following two expressions are equivalent:

• x.round_to_multiple(other, RoundingMode::Exact)
• { assert!(x.divisible_by(other)); x }

but the latter should be used as it is clearer and more efficient.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

• If rm is Exact, but self is not a multiple of other.
• If self is nonzero, other is zero, and rm is trying to round away from zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::RoundToMultiple;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_base::rounding_modes::RoundingMode;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-5)).round_to_multiple(&Integer::ZERO, RoundingMode::Down), 0);

assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Down),
    -8
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Up),
    -12
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(5), RoundingMode::Exact),
    -10);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -9);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-20)).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -21);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -8);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-14)).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -16
);

assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Down),
    -8
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Up),
    -12
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(-5), RoundingMode::Exact),
    -10
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -9
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-20)).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -21
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -8
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-14)).round_to_multiple(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -16
);

type Output = Integer

impl RoundToMultiple<Integer> for Integer

fn round_to_multiple(self, other: Integer, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Rounds an Integer to a multiple of another Integer, according to a specified rounding mode. Both Integers are taken by value.

Let $q = \frac{x}{|y|}$:

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) |y| \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) |y| \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = |y| \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = |y| \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} y \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2} \\ y \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2} \\ y \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even} \\ y \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd.} \end{cases} $$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

The following two expressions are equivalent:

• x.round_to_multiple(other, RoundingMode::Exact)
• { assert!(x.divisible_by(other)); x }

but the latter should be used as it is clearer and more efficient.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

• If rm is Exact, but self is not a multiple of other.
• If self is nonzero, other is zero, and rm is trying to round away from zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::RoundToMultiple;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_base::rounding_modes::RoundingMode;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-5).round_to_multiple(Integer::ZERO, RoundingMode::Down), 0);

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Down), -8);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Up), -12);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(5), RoundingMode::Exact),
    -10);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -9);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-20).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -21);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -8);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-14).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -16
);

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Down), -8);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Up), -12);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(-5), RoundingMode::Exact),
    -10
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -9
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-20).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -21
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -8
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-14).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -16
);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> RoundToMultiple<Integer> for &'a Integer

fn round_to_multiple(self, other: Integer, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Rounds an Integer to a multiple of another Integer, according to a specified rounding mode. The first Integer is taken by reference and the second by value.

Let $q = \frac{x}{|y|}$:

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) |y| \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) |y| \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = |y| \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = |y| \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, y, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} y \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2} \\ y \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2} \\ y \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even} \\ y \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd.} \end{cases} $$

$f(x, y, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

The following two expressions are equivalent:

• x.round_to_multiple(other, RoundingMode::Exact)
• { assert!(x.divisible_by(other)); x }

but the latter should be used as it is clearer and more efficient.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

• If rm is Exact, but self is not a multiple of other.
• If self is nonzero, other is zero, and rm is trying to round away from zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::RoundToMultiple;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_base::rounding_modes::RoundingMode;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-5)).round_to_multiple(Integer::ZERO, RoundingMode::Down), 0);

assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Down),
    -8
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Up),
    -12
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(5), RoundingMode::Exact),
    -10);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -9);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-20)).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -21);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -8);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-14)).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -16
);

assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Down),
    -8
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Up),
    -12
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(-5), RoundingMode::Exact),
    -10
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -9
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-20)).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -21
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -8
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-14)).round_to_multiple(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest),
    -16
);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> RoundToMultipleAssign<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn round_to_multiple_assign(&mut self, other: &'a Integer, rm: RoundingMode)

Rounds an Integer to a multiple of another Integer in place, according to a specified rounding mode. The Integer on the right-hand side is taken by reference.

See the RoundToMultiple documentation for details.

The following two expressions are equivalent:

• x.round_to_multiple_assign(other, RoundingMode::Exact);
• assert!(x.divisible_by(other));

but the latter should be used as it is clearer and more efficient.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

• If rm is Exact, but self is not a multiple of other.
• If self is nonzero, other is zero, and rm is trying to round away from zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::RoundToMultipleAssign;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_base::rounding_modes::RoundingMode;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::from(-5);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(&Integer::ZERO, RoundingMode::Down);
assert_eq!(x, 0);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Down);
assert_eq!(x, -8);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Up);
assert_eq!(x, -12);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(&Integer::from(5), RoundingMode::Exact);
assert_eq!(x, -10);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(&Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(x, -9);

let mut x = Integer::from(-20);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(&Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(x, -21);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(x, -8);

let mut x = Integer::from(-14);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(&Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(x, -16);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Down);
assert_eq!(x, -8);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Up);
assert_eq!(x, -12);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(&Integer::from(-5), RoundingMode::Exact);
assert_eq!(x, -10);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(&Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(x, -9);

let mut x = Integer::from(-20);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(&Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(x, -21);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(x, -8);

let mut x = Integer::from(-14);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(&Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(x, -16);

impl RoundToMultipleAssign<Integer> for Integer

fn round_to_multiple_assign(&mut self, other: Integer, rm: RoundingMode)

Rounds an Integer to a multiple of another Integer in place, according to a specified rounding mode. The Integer on the right-hand side is taken by value.

See the RoundToMultiple documentation for details.

The following two expressions are equivalent:

• x.round_to_multiple_assign(other, RoundingMode::Exact);
• assert!(x.divisible_by(other));

but the latter should be used as it is clearer and more efficient.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

• If rm is Exact, but self is not a multiple of other.
• If self is nonzero, other is zero, and rm is trying to round away from zero.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::RoundToMultipleAssign;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_base::rounding_modes::RoundingMode;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::from(-5);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(Integer::ZERO, RoundingMode::Down);
assert_eq!(x, 0);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Down);
assert_eq!(x, -8);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Up);
assert_eq!(x, -12);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(Integer::from(5), RoundingMode::Exact);
assert_eq!(x, -10);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(x, -9);

let mut x = Integer::from(-20);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(Integer::from(3), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(x, -21);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(x, -8);

let mut x = Integer::from(-14);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(Integer::from(4), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(x, -16);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Down);
assert_eq!(x, -8);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Up);
assert_eq!(x, -12);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(Integer::from(-5), RoundingMode::Exact);
assert_eq!(x, -10);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(x, -9);

let mut x = Integer::from(-20);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(Integer::from(-3), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(x, -21);

let mut x = Integer::from(-10);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(x, -8);

let mut x = Integer::from(-14);
x.round_to_multiple_assign(Integer::from(-4), RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(x, -16);

impl RoundToMultipleOfPowerOf2<u64> for Integer

fn round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2(self, pow: u64, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Rounds an Integer to a multiple of $2^k$ according to a specified rounding mode. The Integer is taken by value.

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^k}$:

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Down}) = 2^k \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Up}) = 2^k \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Floor}) = 2^k \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = 2^k \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, k, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} 2^k \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2} \\ 2^k \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2} \\ 2^k \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even} \\ 2^k \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd.} \end{cases} $$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Exact}) = 2^k q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

The following two expressions are equivalent:

• x.round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2(pow, RoundingMode::Exact)
• { assert!(x.divisible_by_power_of_2(pow)); x }

but the latter should be used as it is clearer and more efficient.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), pow / Limb::WIDTH).

Panics

Panics if rm is Exact, but self is not a multiple of the power of 2.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::RoundToMultipleOfPowerOf2;
use malachite_base::rounding_modes::RoundingMode;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(10).round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2(2, RoundingMode::Floor), 8);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2(2, RoundingMode::Ceiling),
    -8
);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(10).round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2(2, RoundingMode::Down), 8);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-10).round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2(2, RoundingMode::Up), -12);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(10).round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2(2, RoundingMode::Nearest),
    8
);
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from(-12).round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2(2, RoundingMode::Exact),
    -12
);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> RoundToMultipleOfPowerOf2<u64> for &'a Integer

fn round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2(self, pow: u64, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Rounds an Integer to a multiple of $2^k$ according to a specified rounding mode. The Integer is taken by reference.

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^k}$:

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Down}) = 2^k \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Up}) = 2^k \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Floor}) = 2^k \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = 2^k \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, k, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} 2^k \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2} \\ 2^k \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2} \\ 2^k \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even} \\ 2^k \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd.} \end{cases} $$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Exact}) = 2^k q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

The following two expressions are equivalent:

• x.round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2(pow, RoundingMode::Exact)
• { assert!(x.divisible_by_power_of_2(pow)); x }

but the latter should be used as it is clearer and more efficient.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), pow / Limb::WIDTH).

Panics

Panics if rm is Exact, but self is not a multiple of the power of 2.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::RoundToMultipleOfPowerOf2;
use malachite_base::rounding_modes::RoundingMode;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(10)).round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2(2, RoundingMode::Floor),
    8
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2(2, RoundingMode::Ceiling),
    -8
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(10)).round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2(2, RoundingMode::Down),
    8
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-10)).round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2(2, RoundingMode::Up),
    -12
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(10)).round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2(2, RoundingMode::Nearest),
    8
);
assert_eq!(
    (&Integer::from(-12)).round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2(2, RoundingMode::Exact),
    -12
);

type Output = Integer

impl RoundToMultipleOfPowerOf2Assign<u64> for Integer

fn round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2_assign(&mut self, pow: u64, rm: RoundingMode)

Rounds an Integer to a multiple of $2^k$ in place, according to a specified rounding mode.

See the RoundToMultipleOfPowerOf2 documentation for details.

The following two expressions are equivalent:

• x.round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2_assign(pow, RoundingMode::Exact);
• assert!(x.divisible_by_power_of_2(pow));

but the latter should be used as it is clearer and more efficient.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), pow / Limb::WIDTH).

Panics

Panics if rm is Exact, but self is not a multiple of the power of 2.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::RoundToMultipleOfPowerOf2Assign;
use malachite_base::rounding_modes::RoundingMode;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut n = Integer::from(10);
n.round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2_assign(2, RoundingMode::Floor);
assert_eq!(n, 8);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2_assign(2, RoundingMode::Ceiling);
assert_eq!(n, -8);

let mut n = Integer::from(10);
n.round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2_assign(2, RoundingMode::Down);
assert_eq!(n, 8);

let mut n = Integer::from(-10);
n.round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2_assign(2, RoundingMode::Up);
assert_eq!(n, -12);

let mut n = Integer::from(10);
n.round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2_assign(2, RoundingMode::Nearest);
assert_eq!(n, 8);

let mut n = Integer::from(-12);
n.round_to_multiple_of_power_of_2_assign(2, RoundingMode::Exact);
assert_eq!(n, -12);

impl<'a> RoundingFrom<&'a Integer> for f32

fn rounding_from(value: &'a Integer, rm: RoundingMode) -> f32

Converts an Integer to a primitive float according to a specified RoundingMode.

• If the rounding mode is Floor the largest float less than or equal to the Integer is returned. If the Integer is greater than the maximum finite float, then the maximum finite float is returned. If it is smaller than the minimum finite float, then negative infinity is returned.
• If the rounding mode is Ceiling, the smallest float greater than or equal to the Integer is returned. If the Integer is greater than the maximum finite float, then positive infinity is returned. If it is smaller than the minimum finite float, then the minimum finite float is returned.
• If the rounding mode is Down, then the rounding proceeds as with Floor if the Integer is non-negative and as with Ceiling if the Integer is negative.
• If the rounding mode is Up, then the rounding proceeds as with Ceiling if the Integer is non-negative and as with Floor if the Integer is negative.
• If the rounding mode is Nearest, then the nearest float is returned. If the Integer is exactly between two floats, the float with the zero least-significant bit in its representation is selected. If the Integer is greater than the maximum finite float, then the maximum finite float is returned.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is value.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if the rounding mode is Exact and value cannot be represented exactly.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> RoundingFrom<&'a Integer> for f64

fn rounding_from(value: &'a Integer, rm: RoundingMode) -> f64

Converts an Integer to a primitive float according to a specified RoundingMode.

• If the rounding mode is Floor the largest float less than or equal to the Integer is returned. If the Integer is greater than the maximum finite float, then the maximum finite float is returned. If it is smaller than the minimum finite float, then negative infinity is returned.
• If the rounding mode is Ceiling, the smallest float greater than or equal to the Integer is returned. If the Integer is greater than the maximum finite float, then positive infinity is returned. If it is smaller than the minimum finite float, then the minimum finite float is returned.
• If the rounding mode is Down, then the rounding proceeds as with Floor if the Integer is non-negative and as with Ceiling if the Integer is negative.
• If the rounding mode is Up, then the rounding proceeds as with Ceiling if the Integer is non-negative and as with Floor if the Integer is negative.
• If the rounding mode is Nearest, then the nearest float is returned. If the Integer is exactly between two floats, the float with the zero least-significant bit in its representation is selected. If the Integer is greater than the maximum finite float, then the maximum finite float is returned.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is value.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if the rounding mode is Exact and value cannot be represented exactly.

Examples

See here.

impl RoundingFrom<f32> for Integer

fn rounding_from(value: f32, rm: RoundingMode) -> Self

Converts a primitive float to an Integer, using the specified rounding mode.

The floating-point value cannot be NaN or infinite.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is value.sci_exponent().

Panics

Panics if value is NaN or infinite or if the rounding mode is Exact and value is not an integer.

Examples

See here.

impl RoundingFrom<f64> for Integer

fn rounding_from(value: f64, rm: RoundingMode) -> Self

Converts a primitive float to an Integer, using the specified rounding mode.

The floating-point value cannot be NaN or infinite.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is value.sci_exponent().

Panics

Panics if value is NaN or infinite or if the rounding mode is Exact and value is not an integer.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> SaturatingFrom<&'a Integer> for Natural

fn saturating_from(value: &'a Integer) -> Natural

Converts an Integer to a Natural, taking the Natural by reference. If the Integer is negative, 0 is returned.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::conversion::traits::SaturatingFrom;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;

assert_eq!(Natural::saturating_from(&Integer::from(123)), 123);
assert_eq!(Natural::saturating_from(&Integer::from(-123)), 0);
assert_eq!(Natural::saturating_from(&Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)), 1000000000000u64);
assert_eq!(Natural::saturating_from(&-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)), 0);

impl<'a> SaturatingFrom<&'a Integer> for u8

fn saturating_from(value: &Integer) -> u8

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer.

If the Integer cannot be represented by the output type, then either zero or the maximum representable value is returned, whichever is closer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> SaturatingFrom<&'a Integer> for i128

fn saturating_from(value: &Integer) -> i128

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer.

If the Integer cannot be represented by the output type, then either the maximum or the minimum representable value is returned, whichever is closer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> SaturatingFrom<&'a Integer> for usize

fn saturating_from(value: &Integer) -> usize

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer.

If the Integer cannot be represented by the output type, then either zero or the maximum representable value is returned, whichever is closer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> SaturatingFrom<&'a Integer> for isize

fn saturating_from(value: &Integer) -> isize

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer.

If the Integer cannot be represented by the output type, then either the maximum or the minimum representable value is returned, whichever is closer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> SaturatingFrom<&'a Integer> for i8

fn saturating_from(value: &Integer) -> i8

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer.

If the Integer cannot be represented by the output type, then either the maximum or the minimum representable value is returned, whichever is closer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> SaturatingFrom<&'a Integer> for u16

fn saturating_from(value: &Integer) -> u16

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer.

If the Integer cannot be represented by the output type, then either zero or the maximum representable value is returned, whichever is closer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> SaturatingFrom<&'a Integer> for i16

fn saturating_from(value: &Integer) -> i16

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer.

If the Integer cannot be represented by the output type, then either the maximum or the minimum representable value is returned, whichever is closer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> SaturatingFrom<&'a Integer> for u32

fn saturating_from(value: &Integer) -> u32

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer.

If the Integer cannot be represented by the output type, then either zero or the maximum representable value is returned, whichever is closer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> SaturatingFrom<&'a Integer> for i32

fn saturating_from(value: &Integer) -> i32

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer.

If the Integer cannot be represented by the output type, then either the maximum or the minimum representable value is returned, whichever is closer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> SaturatingFrom<&'a Integer> for u64

fn saturating_from(value: &Integer) -> u64

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer.

If the Integer cannot be represented by the output type, then either zero or the maximum representable value is returned, whichever is closer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> SaturatingFrom<&'a Integer> for i64

fn saturating_from(value: &Integer) -> i64

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer.

If the Integer cannot be represented by the output type, then either the maximum or the minimum representable value is returned, whichever is closer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> SaturatingFrom<&'a Integer> for u128

fn saturating_from(value: &Integer) -> u128

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer.

If the Integer cannot be represented by the output type, then either zero or the maximum representable value is returned, whichever is closer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl SaturatingFrom<Integer> for Natural

fn saturating_from(value: Integer) -> Natural

Converts an Integer to a Natural, taking the Natural by value. If the Integer is negative, 0 is returned.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::conversion::traits::SaturatingFrom;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use malachite_nz::natural::Natural;

assert_eq!(Natural::saturating_from(Integer::from(123)), 123);
assert_eq!(Natural::saturating_from(Integer::from(-123)), 0);
assert_eq!(Natural::saturating_from(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)), 1000000000000u64);
assert_eq!(Natural::saturating_from(-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)), 0);

impl Shl<i128> for Integer

fn shl(self, bits: i128) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2 or divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = \lfloor x2^k \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl<'a> Shl<i128> for &'a Integer

fn shl(self, bits: i128) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2 or divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = \lfloor x2^k \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl Shl<i16> for Integer

fn shl(self, bits: i16) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2 or divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = \lfloor x2^k \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl<'a> Shl<i16> for &'a Integer

fn shl(self, bits: i16) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2 or divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = \lfloor x2^k \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl Shl<i32> for Integer

fn shl(self, bits: i32) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2 or divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = \lfloor x2^k \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl<'a> Shl<i32> for &'a Integer

fn shl(self, bits: i32) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2 or divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = \lfloor x2^k \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl Shl<i64> for Integer

fn shl(self, bits: i64) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2 or divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = \lfloor x2^k \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl<'a> Shl<i64> for &'a Integer

fn shl(self, bits: i64) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2 or divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = \lfloor x2^k \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl Shl<i8> for Integer

fn shl(self, bits: i8) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2 or divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = \lfloor x2^k \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl<'a> Shl<i8> for &'a Integer

fn shl(self, bits: i8) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2 or divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = \lfloor x2^k \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl Shl<isize> for Integer

fn shl(self, bits: isize) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2 or divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = \lfloor x2^k \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl<'a> Shl<isize> for &'a Integer

fn shl(self, bits: isize) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2 or divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = \lfloor x2^k \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl Shl<u128> for Integer

fn shl(self, bits: u128) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = x2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is bits.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl<'a> Shl<u128> for &'a Integer

fn shl(self, bits: u128) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = x2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is bits.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl Shl<u16> for Integer

fn shl(self, bits: u16) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = x2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is bits.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl<'a> Shl<u16> for &'a Integer

fn shl(self, bits: u16) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = x2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is bits.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl Shl<u32> for Integer

fn shl(self, bits: u32) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = x2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is bits.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl<'a> Shl<u32> for &'a Integer

fn shl(self, bits: u32) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = x2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is bits.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl Shl<u64> for Integer

fn shl(self, bits: u64) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = x2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is bits.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl<'a> Shl<u64> for &'a Integer

fn shl(self, bits: u64) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = x2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is bits.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl Shl<u8> for Integer

fn shl(self, bits: u8) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = x2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is bits.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl<'a> Shl<u8> for &'a Integer

fn shl(self, bits: u8) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = x2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is bits.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl Shl<usize> for Integer

fn shl(self, bits: usize) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = x2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is bits.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl<'a> Shl<usize> for &'a Integer

fn shl(self, bits: usize) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = x2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is bits.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the << operator.

impl ShlAssign<i128> for Integer

fn shl_assign(&mut self, bits: i128)

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2 or divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), in place.

$$ x \gets \lfloor x2^k \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

impl ShlAssign<i16> for Integer

fn shl_assign(&mut self, bits: i16)

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2 or divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), in place.

$$ x \gets \lfloor x2^k \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

impl ShlAssign<i32> for Integer

fn shl_assign(&mut self, bits: i32)

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2 or divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), in place.

$$ x \gets \lfloor x2^k \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

impl ShlAssign<i64> for Integer

fn shl_assign(&mut self, bits: i64)

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2 or divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), in place.

$$ x \gets \lfloor x2^k \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

impl ShlAssign<i8> for Integer

fn shl_assign(&mut self, bits: i8)

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2 or divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), in place.

$$ x \gets \lfloor x2^k \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

impl ShlAssign<isize> for Integer

fn shl_assign(&mut self, bits: isize)

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2 or divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), in place.

$$ x \gets \lfloor x2^k \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

impl ShlAssign<u128> for Integer

fn shl_assign(&mut self, bits: u128)

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2), in place.

$$ x \gets x2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is bits.

Examples

See here.

impl ShlAssign<u16> for Integer

fn shl_assign(&mut self, bits: u16)

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2), in place.

$$ x \gets x2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is bits.

Examples

See here.

impl ShlAssign<u32> for Integer

fn shl_assign(&mut self, bits: u32)

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2), in place.

$$ x \gets x2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is bits.

Examples

See here.

impl ShlAssign<u64> for Integer

fn shl_assign(&mut self, bits: u64)

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2), in place.

$$ x \gets x2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is bits.

Examples

See here.

impl ShlAssign<u8> for Integer

fn shl_assign(&mut self, bits: u8)

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2), in place.

$$ x \gets x2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is bits.

Examples

See here.

impl ShlAssign<usize> for Integer

fn shl_assign(&mut self, bits: usize)

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies it by a power of 2), in place.

$$ x \gets x2^k. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is bits.

Examples

See here.

impl ShlRound<i128> for Integer

fn shl_round(self, bits: i128, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies or divides it by a power of 2), taking it by value, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use bits > 0 || self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits). Rounding might only be necessary if bits is negative.

Let $q = x2^k$:

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Down}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Up}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, k, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \N$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is negative and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^{-k}$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ShlRound<i128> for &'a Integer

fn shl_round(self, bits: i128, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies or divides it by a power of 2), taking it by reference, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use bits > 0 || self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits). Rounding might only be necessary if bits is negative.

Let $q = x2^k$:

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Down}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Up}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, k, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \N$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is negative and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^{-k}$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl ShlRound<i16> for Integer

fn shl_round(self, bits: i16, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies or divides it by a power of 2), taking it by value, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use bits > 0 || self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits). Rounding might only be necessary if bits is negative.

Let $q = x2^k$:

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Down}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Up}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, k, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \N$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is negative and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^{-k}$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ShlRound<i16> for &'a Integer

fn shl_round(self, bits: i16, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies or divides it by a power of 2), taking it by reference, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use bits > 0 || self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits). Rounding might only be necessary if bits is negative.

Let $q = x2^k$:

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Down}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Up}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, k, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \N$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is negative and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^{-k}$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl ShlRound<i32> for Integer

fn shl_round(self, bits: i32, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies or divides it by a power of 2), taking it by value, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use bits > 0 || self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits). Rounding might only be necessary if bits is negative.

Let $q = x2^k$:

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Down}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Up}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, k, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \N$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is negative and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^{-k}$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ShlRound<i32> for &'a Integer

fn shl_round(self, bits: i32, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies or divides it by a power of 2), taking it by reference, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use bits > 0 || self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits). Rounding might only be necessary if bits is negative.

Let $q = x2^k$:

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Down}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Up}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, k, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \N$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is negative and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^{-k}$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl ShlRound<i64> for Integer

fn shl_round(self, bits: i64, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies or divides it by a power of 2), taking it by value, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use bits > 0 || self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits). Rounding might only be necessary if bits is negative.

Let $q = x2^k$:

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Down}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Up}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, k, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \N$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is negative and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^{-k}$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ShlRound<i64> for &'a Integer

fn shl_round(self, bits: i64, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies or divides it by a power of 2), taking it by reference, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use bits > 0 || self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits). Rounding might only be necessary if bits is negative.

Let $q = x2^k$:

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Down}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Up}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, k, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \N$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is negative and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^{-k}$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl ShlRound<i8> for Integer

fn shl_round(self, bits: i8, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies or divides it by a power of 2), taking it by value, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use bits > 0 || self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits). Rounding might only be necessary if bits is negative.

Let $q = x2^k$:

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Down}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Up}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, k, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \N$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is negative and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^{-k}$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ShlRound<i8> for &'a Integer

fn shl_round(self, bits: i8, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies or divides it by a power of 2), taking it by reference, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use bits > 0 || self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits). Rounding might only be necessary if bits is negative.

Let $q = x2^k$:

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Down}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Up}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, k, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \N$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is negative and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^{-k}$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl ShlRound<isize> for Integer

fn shl_round(self, bits: isize, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies or divides it by a power of 2), taking it by value, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use bits > 0 || self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits). Rounding might only be necessary if bits is negative.

Let $q = x2^k$:

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Down}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Up}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, k, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \N$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is negative and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^{-k}$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ShlRound<isize> for &'a Integer

fn shl_round(self, bits: isize, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies or divides it by a power of 2), taking it by reference, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use bits > 0 || self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits). Rounding might only be necessary if bits is negative.

Let $q = x2^k$:

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Down}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Up}) = f(x, y, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, k, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, k, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \N$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is negative and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^{-k}$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl ShlRoundAssign<i128> for Integer

fn shl_round_assign(&mut self, bits: i128, rm: RoundingMode)

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies or divides it by a power of 2) and rounds according to the specified rounding mode, in place.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use bits > 0 || self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits). Rounding might only be necessary if bits is negative.

See the ShlRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

impl ShlRoundAssign<i16> for Integer

fn shl_round_assign(&mut self, bits: i16, rm: RoundingMode)

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies or divides it by a power of 2) and rounds according to the specified rounding mode, in place.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use bits > 0 || self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits). Rounding might only be necessary if bits is negative.

See the ShlRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

impl ShlRoundAssign<i32> for Integer

fn shl_round_assign(&mut self, bits: i32, rm: RoundingMode)

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies or divides it by a power of 2) and rounds according to the specified rounding mode, in place.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use bits > 0 || self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits). Rounding might only be necessary if bits is negative.

See the ShlRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

impl ShlRoundAssign<i64> for Integer

fn shl_round_assign(&mut self, bits: i64, rm: RoundingMode)

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies or divides it by a power of 2) and rounds according to the specified rounding mode, in place.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use bits > 0 || self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits). Rounding might only be necessary if bits is negative.

See the ShlRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

impl ShlRoundAssign<i8> for Integer

fn shl_round_assign(&mut self, bits: i8, rm: RoundingMode)

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies or divides it by a power of 2) and rounds according to the specified rounding mode, in place.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use bits > 0 || self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits). Rounding might only be necessary if bits is negative.

See the ShlRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

impl ShlRoundAssign<isize> for Integer

fn shl_round_assign(&mut self, bits: isize, rm: RoundingMode)

Left-shifts an Integer (multiplies or divides it by a power of 2) and rounds according to the specified rounding mode, in place.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use bits > 0 || self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits). Rounding might only be necessary if bits is negative.

See the ShlRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(bits, 0).

Examples

See here.

impl Shr<i128> for Integer

fn shr(self, bits: i128) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl<'a> Shr<i128> for &'a Integer

fn shr(self, bits: i128) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl Shr<i16> for Integer

fn shr(self, bits: i16) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl<'a> Shr<i16> for &'a Integer

fn shr(self, bits: i16) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl Shr<i32> for Integer

fn shr(self, bits: i32) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl<'a> Shr<i32> for &'a Integer

fn shr(self, bits: i32) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl Shr<i64> for Integer

fn shr(self, bits: i64) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl<'a> Shr<i64> for &'a Integer

fn shr(self, bits: i64) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl Shr<i8> for Integer

fn shr(self, bits: i8) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl<'a> Shr<i8> for &'a Integer

fn shr(self, bits: i8) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl Shr<isize> for Integer

fn shr(self, bits: isize) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl<'a> Shr<isize> for &'a Integer

fn shr(self, bits: isize) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl Shr<u128> for Integer

fn shr(self, bits: u128) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl<'a> Shr<u128> for &'a Integer

fn shr(self, bits: u128) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl Shr<u16> for Integer

fn shr(self, bits: u16) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl<'a> Shr<u16> for &'a Integer

fn shr(self, bits: u16) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl Shr<u32> for Integer

fn shr(self, bits: u32) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl<'a> Shr<u32> for &'a Integer

fn shr(self, bits: u32) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl Shr<u64> for Integer

fn shr(self, bits: u64) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl<'a> Shr<u64> for &'a Integer

fn shr(self, bits: u64) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl Shr<u8> for Integer

fn shr(self, bits: u8) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl<'a> Shr<u8> for &'a Integer

fn shr(self, bits: u8) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl Shr<usize> for Integer

fn shr(self, bits: usize) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by value.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl<'a> Shr<usize> for &'a Integer

fn shr(self, bits: usize) -> Integer

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), taking it by reference.

$$ f(x, k) = \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the >> operator.

impl ShrAssign<i128> for Integer

fn shr_assign(&mut self, bits: i128)

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor or multiplies it by a power of 2), in place.

$$ x \gets \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

impl ShrAssign<i16> for Integer

fn shr_assign(&mut self, bits: i16)

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor or multiplies it by a power of 2), in place.

$$ x \gets \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

impl ShrAssign<i32> for Integer

fn shr_assign(&mut self, bits: i32)

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor or multiplies it by a power of 2), in place.

$$ x \gets \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

impl ShrAssign<i64> for Integer

fn shr_assign(&mut self, bits: i64)

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor or multiplies it by a power of 2), in place.

$$ x \gets \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

impl ShrAssign<i8> for Integer

fn shr_assign(&mut self, bits: i8)

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor or multiplies it by a power of 2), in place.

$$ x \gets \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

impl ShrAssign<isize> for Integer

fn shr_assign(&mut self, bits: isize)

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor or multiplies it by a power of 2), in place.

$$ x \gets \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

impl ShrAssign<u128> for Integer

fn shr_assign(&mut self, bits: u128)

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), in place.

$$ x \gets \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

impl ShrAssign<u16> for Integer

fn shr_assign(&mut self, bits: u16)

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), in place.

$$ x \gets \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

impl ShrAssign<u32> for Integer

fn shr_assign(&mut self, bits: u32)

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), in place.

$$ x \gets \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

impl ShrAssign<u64> for Integer

fn shr_assign(&mut self, bits: u64)

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), in place.

$$ x \gets \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

impl ShrAssign<u8> for Integer

fn shr_assign(&mut self, bits: u8)

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), in place.

$$ x \gets \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

impl ShrAssign<usize> for Integer

fn shr_assign(&mut self, bits: usize)

Right-shifts an Integer (divides it by a power of 2 and takes the floor), in place.

$$ x \gets \left \lfloor \frac{x}{2^k} \right \rfloor. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is max(1, self.significant_bits() - bits).

Examples

See here.

impl ShrRound<i128> for Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: i128, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by value, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(-bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is positive and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ShrRound<i128> for &'a Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: i128, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by reference, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(-bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is positive and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl ShrRound<i16> for Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: i16, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by value, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(-bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is positive and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ShrRound<i16> for &'a Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: i16, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by reference, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(-bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is positive and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl ShrRound<i32> for Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: i32, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by value, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(-bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is positive and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ShrRound<i32> for &'a Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: i32, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by reference, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(-bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is positive and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl ShrRound<i64> for Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: i64, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by value, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(-bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is positive and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ShrRound<i64> for &'a Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: i64, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by reference, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(-bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is positive and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl ShrRound<i8> for Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: i8, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by value, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(-bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is positive and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ShrRound<i8> for &'a Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: i8, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by reference, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(-bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is positive and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl ShrRound<isize> for Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: isize, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by value, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(-bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is positive and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ShrRound<isize> for &'a Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: isize, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides or multiplies it by a power of 2), taking it by reference, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(-bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is positive and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl ShrRound<u128> for Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: u128, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides it by a power of 2), taking it by value, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ShrRound<u128> for &'a Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: u128, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides it by a power of 2), taking it by reference, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl ShrRound<u16> for Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: u16, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides it by a power of 2), taking it by value, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ShrRound<u16> for &'a Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: u16, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides it by a power of 2), taking it by reference, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl ShrRound<u32> for Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: u32, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides it by a power of 2), taking it by value, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ShrRound<u32> for &'a Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: u32, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides it by a power of 2), taking it by reference, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl ShrRound<u64> for Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: u64, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides it by a power of 2), taking it by value, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ShrRound<u64> for &'a Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: u64, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides it by a power of 2), taking it by reference, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl ShrRound<u8> for Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: u8, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides it by a power of 2), taking it by value, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ShrRound<u8> for &'a Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: u8, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides it by a power of 2), taking it by reference, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl ShrRound<usize> for Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: usize, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides it by a power of 2), taking it by value, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> ShrRound<usize> for &'a Integer

fn shr_round(self, bits: usize, rm: RoundingMode) -> Integer

Shifts an Integer right (divides it by a power of 2), taking it by reference, and rounds according to the specified rounding mode.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

Let $q = \frac{x}{2^p}$:

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Down}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lfloor |q| \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Up}) = \operatorname{sgn}(q) \lceil |q| \rceil.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Floor}) = \lfloor q \rfloor.$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Ceiling}) = \lceil q \rceil.$

$$ f(x, p, \mathrm{Nearest}) = \begin{cases} \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor < \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor > \frac{1}{2}, \\ \lfloor q \rfloor & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is even}, \\ \lceil q \rceil & \text{if} \quad q - \lfloor q \rfloor = \frac{1}{2} \ \text{and} \ \lfloor q \rfloor \ \text{is odd}. \end{cases} $$

$f(x, p, \mathrm{Exact}) = q$, but panics if $q \notin \Z$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

type Output = Integer

impl ShrRoundAssign<i128> for Integer

fn shr_round_assign(&mut self, bits: i128, rm: RoundingMode)

Shifts an Integer right (divides or multiplies it by a power of 2) and rounds according to the specified rounding mode, in place.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

See the ShrRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(-bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is positive and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

impl ShrRoundAssign<i16> for Integer

fn shr_round_assign(&mut self, bits: i16, rm: RoundingMode)

Shifts an Integer right (divides or multiplies it by a power of 2) and rounds according to the specified rounding mode, in place.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

See the ShrRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(-bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is positive and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

impl ShrRoundAssign<i32> for Integer

fn shr_round_assign(&mut self, bits: i32, rm: RoundingMode)

Shifts an Integer right (divides or multiplies it by a power of 2) and rounds according to the specified rounding mode, in place.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

See the ShrRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(-bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is positive and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

impl ShrRoundAssign<i64> for Integer

fn shr_round_assign(&mut self, bits: i64, rm: RoundingMode)

Shifts an Integer right (divides or multiplies it by a power of 2) and rounds according to the specified rounding mode, in place.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

See the ShrRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(-bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is positive and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

impl ShrRoundAssign<i8> for Integer

fn shr_round_assign(&mut self, bits: i8, rm: RoundingMode)

Shifts an Integer right (divides or multiplies it by a power of 2) and rounds according to the specified rounding mode, in place.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

See the ShrRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(-bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is positive and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

impl ShrRoundAssign<isize> for Integer

fn shr_round_assign(&mut self, bits: isize, rm: RoundingMode)

Shifts an Integer right (divides or multiplies it by a power of 2) and rounds according to the specified rounding mode, in place.

Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

See the ShrRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(n + m)$

$M(n, m) = O(n + m)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is self.significant_bits(), and $m$ is max(-bits, 0).

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if $k$ is positive and rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

impl ShrRoundAssign<u128> for Integer

fn shr_round_assign(&mut self, bits: u128, rm: RoundingMode)

Shifts a Natural right (divides it by a power of 2) and rounds according to the specified rounding mode, in place. Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>=. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

See the ShrRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

impl ShrRoundAssign<u16> for Integer

fn shr_round_assign(&mut self, bits: u16, rm: RoundingMode)

Shifts a Natural right (divides it by a power of 2) and rounds according to the specified rounding mode, in place. Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>=. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

See the ShrRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

impl ShrRoundAssign<u32> for Integer

fn shr_round_assign(&mut self, bits: u32, rm: RoundingMode)

Shifts a Natural right (divides it by a power of 2) and rounds according to the specified rounding mode, in place. Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>=. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

See the ShrRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

impl ShrRoundAssign<u64> for Integer

fn shr_round_assign(&mut self, bits: u64, rm: RoundingMode)

Shifts a Natural right (divides it by a power of 2) and rounds according to the specified rounding mode, in place. Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>=. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

See the ShrRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

impl ShrRoundAssign<u8> for Integer

fn shr_round_assign(&mut self, bits: u8, rm: RoundingMode)

Shifts a Natural right (divides it by a power of 2) and rounds according to the specified rounding mode, in place. Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>=. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

See the ShrRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

impl ShrRoundAssign<usize> for Integer

fn shr_round_assign(&mut self, bits: usize, rm: RoundingMode)

Shifts a Natural right (divides it by a power of 2) and rounds according to the specified rounding mode, in place. Passing RoundingMode::Floor is equivalent to using >>=. To test whether RoundingMode::Exact can be passed, use self.divisible_by_power_of_2(bits).

See the ShrRound documentation for details.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(1)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Let $k$ be bits. Panics if rm is RoundingMode::Exact but self is not divisible by $2^k$.

Examples

See here.

impl Sign for Integer

fn sign(&self) -> Ordering

Compares an Integer to zero.

Returns Greater, Equal, or Less, depending on whether the Integer is positive, zero, or negative, respectively.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Sign;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::cmp::Ordering;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.sign(), Ordering::Equal);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).sign(), Ordering::Greater);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123).sign(), Ordering::Less);

impl<'a> SignificantBits for &'a Integer

fn significant_bits(self) -> u64

Returns the number of significant bits of an Integer’s absolute value.

$$ f(n) = \begin{cases} 0 & \text{if} \quad n = 0, \\ \lfloor \log_2 |n| \rfloor + 1 & \text{otherwise}. \end{cases} $$

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::logic::traits::SignificantBits;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.significant_bits(), 0);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(100).significant_bits(), 7);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-100).significant_bits(), 7);

impl Square for Integer

fn square(self) -> Integer

Squares an Integer, taking it by value.

$$ f(x) = x^2. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Square;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.square(), 0);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).square(), 15129);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123).square(), 15129);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> Square for &'a Integer

fn square(self) -> Integer

Squares an Integer, taking it by reference.

$$ f(x) = x^2. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Square;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!((&Integer::ZERO).square(), 0);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(123)).square(), 15129);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-123)).square(), 15129);

type Output = Integer

impl SquareAssign for Integer

fn square_assign(&mut self)

Squares an Integer in place.

$$ x \gets x^2. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::SquareAssign;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::ZERO;
x.square_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 0);

let mut x = Integer::from(123);
x.square_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 15129);

let mut x = Integer::from(-123);
x.square_assign();
assert_eq!(x, 15129);

impl<'a> Sub<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn sub(self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Subtracts an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by value and the second by reference.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO - &Integer::from(123), -123);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(123) - &Integer::ZERO, 123);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(456) - &Integer::from(-123), 579);
assert_eq!(
    -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) - &(-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) * Integer::from(2u32)),
    1000000000000u64
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

impl<'a, 'b> Sub<&'a Integer> for &'b Integer

fn sub(self, other: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Subtracts an Integer by another Integer, taking both by reference.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(&Integer::ZERO - &Integer::from(123), -123);
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(123) - &Integer::ZERO, 123);
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(456) - &Integer::from(-123), 579);
assert_eq!(
    &-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) -
            &(-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) * Integer::from(2u32)),
    1000000000000u64
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

impl Sub<Integer> for Integer

fn sub(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Subtracts an Integer by another Integer, taking both by value.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$ (only if the underlying Vec needs to reallocate)

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is min(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO - Integer::from(123), -123);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(123) - Integer::ZERO, 123);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(456) - Integer::from(-123), 579);
assert_eq!(
    -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) - -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) * Integer::from(2u32),
    1000000000000u64
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

impl<'a> Sub<Integer> for &'a Integer

fn sub(self, other: Integer) -> Integer

Subtracts an Integer by another Integer, taking the first by reference and the second by value.

$$ f(x, y) = x - y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(&Integer::ZERO - Integer::from(123), -123);
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(123) - Integer::ZERO, 123);
assert_eq!(&Integer::from(456) - Integer::from(-123), 579);
assert_eq!(
    &-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) - -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) * Integer::from(2u32),
    1000000000000u64
);

type Output = Integer

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

impl<'a> SubAssign<&'a Integer> for Integer

fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: &'a Integer)

Subtracts an Integer by another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by reference.

$$ x \gets x - y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is max(self.significant_bits(), other.significant_bits()).

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::ZERO;
x -= &(-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12));
x -= &(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) * Integer::from(2u32));
x -= &(-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) * Integer::from(3u32));
x -= &(Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) * Integer::from(4u32));
assert_eq!(x, -2000000000000i64);

impl SubAssign<Integer> for Integer

fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: Integer)

Subtracts an Integer by another Integer in place, taking the Integer on the right-hand side by value.

$$ x \gets x - y. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$ (only if the underlying Vec needs to reallocate)

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::Pow;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::ZERO;
x -= -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12);
x -= Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) * Integer::from(2u32);
x -= -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) * Integer::from(3u32);
x -= Integer::from(10u32).pow(12) * Integer::from(4u32);
assert_eq!(x, -2000000000000i64);

impl<'a, 'b> SubMul<&'a Integer, &'b Integer> for Integer

fn sub_mul(self, y: &'a Integer, z: &'b Integer) -> Integer

Subtracts an Integer by the product of two other Integers, taking the first by value and the second and third by reference.

$f(x, y, z) = x - yz$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m + n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(y.significant_bits(), z.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{Pow, SubMul};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(10u32).sub_mul(&Integer::from(3u32), &Integer::from(-4)), 22);
assert_eq!(
    (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12))
            .sub_mul(&Integer::from(-0x10000), &-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)),
    -65537000000000000i64
);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a, 'b, 'c> SubMul<&'a Integer, &'b Integer> for &'c Integer

fn sub_mul(self, y: &'a Integer, z: &'b Integer) -> Integer

Subtracts an Integer by the product of two other Integers, taking all three by reference.

$f(x, y, z) = x - yz$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m + n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n, m) = O(m + n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(y.significant_bits(), z.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{Pow, SubMul};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!((&Integer::from(10u32)).sub_mul(&Integer::from(3u32), &Integer::from(-4)), 22);
assert_eq!(
    (&-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12))
            .sub_mul(&Integer::from(-0x10000), &-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)),
    -65537000000000000i64
);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> SubMul<&'a Integer, Integer> for Integer

fn sub_mul(self, y: &'a Integer, z: Integer) -> Integer

Subtracts an Integer by the product of two other Integers, taking the first and third by value and the second by reference.

$f(x, y, z) = x - yz$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m + n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(y.significant_bits(), z.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{Pow, SubMul};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(10u32).sub_mul(&Integer::from(3u32), Integer::from(-4)), 22);
assert_eq!(
    (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12))
            .sub_mul(&Integer::from(-0x10000), -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)),
    -65537000000000000i64
);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> SubMul<Integer, &'a Integer> for Integer

fn sub_mul(self, y: Integer, z: &'a Integer) -> Integer

Subtracts an Integer by the product of two other Integers, taking the first two by value and the third by reference.

$f(x, y, z) = x - yz$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m + n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(y.significant_bits(), z.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{Pow, SubMul};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(10u32).sub_mul(Integer::from(3u32), &Integer::from(-4)), 22);
assert_eq!(
    (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12))
            .sub_mul(Integer::from(-0x10000), &-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)),
    -65537000000000000i64
);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a> SubMul<Integer, Integer> for Integer

fn sub_mul(self, y: Integer, z: Integer) -> Integer

Subtracts an Integer by the product of two other Integers, taking all three by value.

$f(x, y, z) = x - yz$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m + n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(y.significant_bits(), z.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{Pow, SubMul};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(10u32).sub_mul(Integer::from(3u32), Integer::from(-4)), 22);
assert_eq!(
    (-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12))
            .sub_mul(Integer::from(-0x10000), -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)),
    -65537000000000000i64
);

type Output = Integer

impl<'a, 'b> SubMulAssign<&'a Integer, &'b Integer> for Integer

fn sub_mul_assign(&mut self, y: &'a Integer, z: &'b Integer)

Subtracts the product of two other Integers from an Integer in place, taking both Integers on the right-hand side by reference.

$x \gets x - yz$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m + n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(y.significant_bits(), z.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{Pow, SubMulAssign};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::from(10u32);
x.sub_mul_assign(&Integer::from(3u32), &Integer::from(-4));
assert_eq!(x, 22);

let mut x = -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12);
x.sub_mul_assign(&Integer::from(-0x10000), &(-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)));
assert_eq!(x, -65537000000000000i64);

impl<'a> SubMulAssign<&'a Integer, Integer> for Integer

fn sub_mul_assign(&mut self, y: &'a Integer, z: Integer)

Subtracts the product of two other Integers from an Integer in place, taking the first Integer on the right-hand side by reference and the second by value.

$x \gets x + yz$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m + n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(y.significant_bits(), z.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{Pow, SubMulAssign};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::from(10u32);
x.sub_mul_assign(&Integer::from(3u32), Integer::from(-4));
assert_eq!(x, 22);

let mut x = -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12);
x.sub_mul_assign(&Integer::from(-0x10000), -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12));
assert_eq!(x, -65537000000000000i64);

impl<'a> SubMulAssign<Integer, &'a Integer> for Integer

fn sub_mul_assign(&mut self, y: Integer, z: &'a Integer)

Subtracts the product of two other Integers from an Integer in place, taking the first Integer on the right-hand side by value and the second by reference.

$x \gets x - yz$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m + n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(y.significant_bits(), z.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{Pow, SubMulAssign};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::from(10u32);
x.sub_mul_assign(Integer::from(3u32), &Integer::from(-4));
assert_eq!(x, 22);

let mut x = -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12);
x.sub_mul_assign(Integer::from(-0x10000), &(-Integer::from(10u32).pow(12)));
assert_eq!(x, -65537000000000000i64);

impl SubMulAssign<Integer, Integer> for Integer

fn sub_mul_assign(&mut self, y: Integer, z: Integer)

Subtracts the product of two other Integers from an Integer in place, taking both Integers on the right-hand side by value.

$x \gets x - yz$.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n, m) = O(m + n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, $n$ is max(y.significant_bits(), z.significant_bits()), and $m$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::{Pow, SubMulAssign};
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut x = Integer::from(10u32);
x.sub_mul_assign(Integer::from(3u32), Integer::from(-4));
assert_eq!(x, 22);

let mut x = -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12);
x.sub_mul_assign(Integer::from(-0x10000), -Integer::from(10u32).pow(12));
assert_eq!(x, -65537000000000000i64);

impl ToSci for Integer

fn fmt_sci_valid(&self, options: ToSciOptions) -> bool

Determines whether an Integer can be converted to a string using to_sci and a particular set of options.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n \log n \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::conversion::string::options::ToSciOptions;
use malachite_base::num::conversion::traits::ToSci;
use malachite_base::rounding_modes::RoundingMode;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

let mut options = ToSciOptions::default();
assert!(Integer::from(123).fmt_sci_valid(options));
assert!(Integer::from(u128::MAX).fmt_sci_valid(options));
// u128::MAX has more than 16 significant digits
options.set_rounding_mode(RoundingMode::Exact);
assert!(!Integer::from(u128::MAX).fmt_sci_valid(options));
options.set_precision(50);
assert!(Integer::from(u128::MAX).fmt_sci_valid(options));

fn fmt_sci(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>, options: ToSciOptions) -> Result

Converts an Integer to a string using a specified base, possibly formatting the number using scientific notation.

See ToSciOptions for details on the available options. Note that setting neg_exp_threshold has no effect, since there is never a need to use negative exponents when representing an Integer.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n (\log n)^2 \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if options.rounding_mode is Exact, but the size options are such that the input must be rounded.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::conversion::string::options::ToSciOptions;
use malachite_base::num::conversion::traits::ToSci;
use malachite_base::rounding_modes::RoundingMode;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(u128::MAX).to_sci().to_string(), "3.402823669209385e38");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(i128::MIN).to_sci().to_string(), "-1.701411834604692e38");

let n = Integer::from(123456u32);
let mut options = ToSciOptions::default();
assert_eq!(n.to_sci_with_options(options).to_string(), "123456");

options.set_precision(3);
assert_eq!(n.to_sci_with_options(options).to_string(), "1.23e5");

options.set_rounding_mode(RoundingMode::Ceiling);
assert_eq!(n.to_sci_with_options(options).to_string(), "1.24e5");

options.set_e_uppercase();
assert_eq!(n.to_sci_with_options(options).to_string(), "1.24E5");

options.set_force_exponent_plus_sign(true);
assert_eq!(n.to_sci_with_options(options).to_string(), "1.24E+5");

options = ToSciOptions::default();
options.set_base(36);
assert_eq!(n.to_sci_with_options(options).to_string(), "2n9c");

options.set_uppercase();
assert_eq!(n.to_sci_with_options(options).to_string(), "2N9C");

options.set_base(2);
options.set_precision(10);
assert_eq!(n.to_sci_with_options(options).to_string(), "1.1110001e16");

options.set_include_trailing_zeros(true);
assert_eq!(n.to_sci_with_options(options).to_string(), "1.111000100e16");

fn to_sci_with_options(&self, options: ToSciOptions) -> SciWrapper<'_, Self>

Converts a number to a string, possibly in scientific notation.

fn to_sci(&self) -> SciWrapper<'_, Self>

Converts a number to a string, possibly in scientific notation, using the default ToSciOptions.

impl ToStringBase for Integer

fn to_string_base(&self, base: u8) -> String

Converts an Integer to a String using a specified base.

Digits from 0 to 9 become chars from '0' to '9'. Digits from 10 to 35 become the lowercase chars 'a' to 'z'.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n (\log n)^2 \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if base is less than 2 or greater than 36.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::conversion::traits::ToStringBase;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(1000).to_string_base(2), "1111101000");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(1000).to_string_base(10), "1000");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(1000).to_string_base(36), "rs");

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-1000).to_string_base(2), "-1111101000");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-1000).to_string_base(10), "-1000");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-1000).to_string_base(36), "-rs");

fn to_string_base_upper(&self, base: u8) -> String

Converts an Integer to a String using a specified base.

Digits from 0 to 9 become chars from '0' to '9'. Digits from 10 to 35 become the uppercase chars 'A' to 'Z'.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n (\log n)^2 \log\log n)$

$M(n) = O(n \log n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Panics

Panics if base is less than 2 or greater than 36.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::conversion::traits::ToStringBase;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::from(1000).to_string_base_upper(2), "1111101000");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(1000).to_string_base_upper(10), "1000");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(1000).to_string_base_upper(36), "RS");

assert_eq!(Integer::from(-1000).to_string_base_upper(2), "-1111101000");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-1000).to_string_base_upper(10), "-1000");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-1000).to_string_base_upper(36), "-RS");

impl Two for Integer

The constant 2.

const TWO: Integer = Integer{sign: true, abs: Natural(Small(2)),}

impl UnsignedAbs for Integer

fn unsigned_abs(self) -> Natural

Takes the absolute value of an Integer, taking the Integer by value and converting the result to a Natural.

$$ f(x) = |x|. $$

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::UnsignedAbs;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.unsigned_abs(), 0);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).unsigned_abs(), 123);
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123).unsigned_abs(), 123);

type Output = Natural

impl<'a> UnsignedAbs for &'a Integer

fn unsigned_abs(self) -> Natural

Takes the absolute value of an Integer, taking the Integer by reference and converting the result to a Natural.

$$ f(x) = |x|. $$

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::arithmetic::traits::UnsignedAbs;
use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;

assert_eq!((&Integer::ZERO).unsigned_abs(), 0);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(123)).unsigned_abs(), 123);
assert_eq!((&Integer::from(-123)).unsigned_abs(), 123);

type Output = Natural

impl UpperHex for Integer

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Converts an Integer to a hexadecimal String using uppercase characters.

Using the # format flag prepends "0x" to the string.

Worst-case complexity

$T(n) = O(n)$

$M(n) = O(n)$

where $T$ is time, $M$ is additional memory, and $n$ is self.significant_bits().

Examples

extern crate malachite_base;

use malachite_base::num::basic::traits::Zero;
use malachite_base::strings::ToUpperHexString;
use malachite_nz::integer::Integer;
use std::str::FromStr;

assert_eq!(Integer::ZERO.to_upper_hex_string(), "0");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(123).to_upper_hex_string(), "7B");
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("1000000000000")
        .unwrap()
        .to_upper_hex_string(),
    "E8D4A51000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:07X}", Integer::from(123)), "000007B");
assert_eq!(Integer::from(-123).to_upper_hex_string(), "-7B");
assert_eq!(
    Integer::from_str("-1000000000000")
        .unwrap()
        .to_upper_hex_string(),
    "-E8D4A51000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:07X}", Integer::from(-123)), "-00007B");

assert_eq!(format!("{:#X}", Integer::ZERO), "0x0");
assert_eq!(format!("{:#X}", Integer::from(123)), "0x7B");
assert_eq!(
    format!("{:#X}", Integer::from_str("1000000000000").unwrap()),
    "0xE8D4A51000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:#07X}", Integer::from(123)), "0x0007B");
assert_eq!(format!("{:#X}", Integer::from(-123)), "-0x7B");
assert_eq!(
    format!("{:#X}", Integer::from_str("-1000000000000").unwrap()),
    "-0xE8D4A51000"
);
assert_eq!(format!("{:#07X}", Integer::from(-123)), "-0x007B");

impl<'a> WrappingFrom<&'a Integer> for u8

fn wrapping_from(value: &Integer) -> u8

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> WrappingFrom<&'a Integer> for i8

fn wrapping_from(value: &Integer) -> i8

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> WrappingFrom<&'a Integer> for usize

fn wrapping_from(value: &Integer) -> usize

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> WrappingFrom<&'a Integer> for isize

fn wrapping_from(value: &Integer) -> isize

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> WrappingFrom<&'a Integer> for u16

fn wrapping_from(value: &Integer) -> u16

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> WrappingFrom<&'a Integer> for i16

fn wrapping_from(value: &Integer) -> i16

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> WrappingFrom<&'a Integer> for u32

fn wrapping_from(value: &Integer) -> u32

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> WrappingFrom<&'a Integer> for i32

fn wrapping_from(value: &Integer) -> i32

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> WrappingFrom<&'a Integer> for u64

fn wrapping_from(value: &Integer) -> u64

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> WrappingFrom<&'a Integer> for i64

fn wrapping_from(value: &Integer) -> i64

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> WrappingFrom<&'a Integer> for u128

fn wrapping_from(value: &Integer) -> u128

Converts an Integer to an unsigned primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl<'a> WrappingFrom<&'a Integer> for i128

fn wrapping_from(value: &Integer) -> i128

Converts an Integer to a signed primitive integer, wrapping modulo $2^W$, where $W$ is the width of the primitive integer.

Worst-case complexity

Constant time and additional memory.

Examples

See here.

impl Zero for Integer

The constant 0.

const ZERO: Integer = Integer{sign: true, abs: Natural(Small(0)),}

impl Eq for Integer

impl StructuralEq for Integer

impl StructuralPartialEq for Integer