hyperbuild 0.0.16

One-pass in-place HTML minifier written in Rust with context-aware whitespace handling
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hyperbuild

A fast one-pass in-place HTML minifier written in Rust with context-aware whitespace handling.

Available as:

  • CLI for Windows, macOS, and Linux.
  • Rust library.
  • Native library for Node.js, Python, and Java.

Features

  • Minification is done in one pass with no backtracking or DOM/AST building.
  • No extra heap memory is allocated during processing, which increases performance.
  • Context-aware whitespace handling allows maximum minification while retaining desired spaces.

Performance

Speed and effectiveness of Node.js version compared to html-minfier and minimize. See bench folder for more details.

Usage

CLI

Get

Windows | macOS | Linux

Use
hyperbuild --src /path/to/src.html --out /path/to/output.min.html

API

Get
[dependencies]
hyperbuild = "0.0.16"
Use
use hyperbuild::hyperbuild;

fn main() {
    let mut code = b"<p>  Hello, world!  </p>"; 
    match hyperbuild(&mut code) {
        Ok(minified_len) => {}
        Err(error_type, error_at_char_no) => {}
    };
}

hyperbuild is available as a Node.js native module, and supports Node.js versions 8 and higher.

Get

Using npm:

npm i hyperbuild

Using Yarn:

yarn add hyperbuild
Use
const hyperbuild = require("hyperbuild");

const minified = hyperbuild.minify("<p>  Hello, world!  </p>");

Minification

Whitespace

hyperbuild has advanced context-aware whitespace minification that does things such as:

  • Leave whitespace untouched in pre and code, which are whitespace sensitive.
  • Trim and collapse whitespace in content tags, as whitespace is collapsed anyway when rendered.
  • Remove whitespace in layout tags, which allows the use of inline layouts while keeping formatted code.

Methods

There are three whitespace minification methods. When processing text content, hyperbuild chooses which ones to use depending on the containing element.

Applies to: any element except whitespace sensitive elements.

Reduce a sequence of whitespace characters in text nodes to a single space (U+0020).

<p>↵
··The·quick·brown·fox↵
··jumps·over·the·lazy↵
··dog.↵
</p>
<p>·The·quick·brown·fox·jumps·over·the·lazy·dog.·</p>

Applies to: any element except whitespace sensitive, content, content-first, and formatting elements.

Remove any text nodes that only consist of whitespace characters.

<ul>↵
··<li>A</li>↵
··<li>B</li>↵
··<li>C</li></ul>
<ul>↵
··<li>A</li><li>B</li><li>C</li></ul>

Applies to: any element except whitespace sensitive and formatting elements.

Remove any leading/trailing whitespace from any leading/trailing text nodes of a tag.

<p>↵
··Hey,·I·<em>just</em>·found↵
··out·about·this·<strong>cool</strong>·website!↵
··<sup>[1]</sup></p>
<p>Hey,·I·<em>just</em>·found↵
··out·about·this·<strong>cool</strong>·website!↵
··<sup>[1]</sup></p>

Element types

hyperbuild recognises elements based on one of a few ways it assumes they are used. By making these assumptions, it can apply optimal whitespace minification strategies.

Group Elements Expected children
Formatting a, strong, and others Formatting elements, text.
Content h1, p, and others Formatting elements, text.
Layout div, ul, and others Layout elements, content elements.
Content-first label, li, and others Like content but could be layout with only one child.

Whitespace is collapsed.

Formatting elements are usually inline elements that wrap around part of some text in a content element, so its whitespace isn't trimmed as they're probably part of the content.

Whitespace is trimmed and collapsed.

Content elements usually represent a contiguous and complete unit of content such as a paragraph. As such, whitespace is significant but sequences of them are most likely due to formatting.

Before
<p>↵
··Hey,·I·<em>just</em>·found↵
··out·about·this·<strong>cool</strong>·website!↵
··<sup>[1]</sup></p>
After
<p>Hey,·I·<em>just</em>·found·out·about·this·<strong>cool</strong>·website!·<sup>[1]</sup></p>

Whitespace is trimmed and collapsed. Whole whitespace is removed.

These elements should only contain other elements and no text. This makes it possible to remove whole whitespace, which is useful when using display: inline-block so that whitespace between elements (e.g. indentation) does not alter layout and styling.

Before
<ul>↵
··<li>A</li>↵
··<li>B</li>↵
··<li>C</li></ul>
After
<ul><li>A</li><li>B</li><li>C</li></ul>

Whitespace is trimmed and collapsed.

These elements are usually like content elements but are occasionally used like a layout element with one child. Whole whitespace is not removed as it might contain content, but this is OK for using as layout as there is only one child and whitespace is trimmed.

Before
<li>↵
··<article>↵
····<section></section>↵
····<section></section>↵
··</article></li>
After
<li><article><section></section><section></section></article></li>

Tags

Optional closing tags are removed.

Attributes

Any entities in attribute values are decoded, and then the shortest representation of the value is calculated and used:

  • Double quoted, with any " encoded.
  • Single quoted, with any ' encoded.
  • Unquoted, with "/' first character (if applicable), > last character (if applicable), and any whitespace encoded.

class attributes have their whitespace (after any decoding) trimmed and collapsed.

Boolean attribute values are removed. Some attributes are completely removed if their value is empty or the default value after any processing.

type attributes on script tags with a value equaling a JavaScript MIME type are removed.

If an attribute value is empty after any processing, everything but the name is completely removed (i.e. no =), as an empty attribute is implicitly the same as an attribute with an empty string value.

Spaces are removed between attributes if possible.

Entities

Entities are decoded if valid (see relevant parsing section) and their decoded characters as UTF-8 is shorter or equal in length.

Numeric entities that do not refer to a valid Unicode Scalar Value are decoded to U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER.

If an entity is unintentionally formed after decoding, the leading ampersand is encoded, e.g. &&#97;&#109;&#112;; becomes &ampamp;. This is done as &amp is equal to or shorter than all other entity representations of characters part of an entity ([&#a-zA-Z0-9;]), and there is no other conflicting entity name that starts with amp.

Comments

Comments are removed.

Ignored

Bangs, processing instructions, and empty elements are not removed as it is assumed there is a special reason for their declaration.

Parsing

Only UTF-8/ASCII-encoded HTML code is supported.

hyperbuild simply does HTML minification, and almost does no syntax checking or standards enforcement for performance and code complexity reasons.

For example, this means that it's not an error to have self-closing tags, declare multiple <body> elements, use incorrect attribute names and values, or write something like <br>alert('');</br>

However, there are some syntax requirements for speed and sanity reasons.

Tags

Tag names are case sensitive. For example, this means that P won't be recognised as a content element, bR won't be considered as a void tag, and the contents of Script won't be parsed as JavaScript.

Tags must not be omitted. Void tags must not have a separate closing tag e.g. </input>.

Entities

Well-formed entities are decoded, including in attribute values.

They are interpreted as characters representing their decoded value. This means that &#9; is considered a whitespace character and could be minified.

Malformed entities are interpreted literally as a sequence of characters.

If a named entity is an invalid reference as per the specification, it is considered malformed.

Numeric character references that do not reference a valid Unicode Scalar Value are considered malformed.

Attributes

Backticks (`) are not valid quote marks and not interpreted as such. However, backticks are valid attribute value quotes in Internet Explorer.

Special handling of some attributes require case sensitive names and values. For example, CLASS won't be recognised as an attribute to minify, and type="Text/JavaScript" on a <script> will cause the element to be parsed as a data block instead of JavaScript code.

Script and style

script and style tags must be closed with </script> and </style> respectively (case sensitive).

hyperbuild does not handle escaped and double-escaped script content.

Issues and contributions

Contributions welcome!

If hyperbuild did something unexpected, such as misunderstood some syntax, or incorrectly did/didn't do some minification, raise an issue with some relevant code that causes the issue.