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/*!
* Generic views into a tensor.
*
* The concept of a view into a tensor is built from the low level [TensorRef](TensorRef) and
* [TensorMut](TensorMut) traits which define having read and read/write access to Tensor data
* respectively, and the high level API implemented on the [TensorView](TensorView) struct.
*
* Since a Tensor is itself a TensorRef, the APIs for the traits are a little verbose to
* avoid name clashes with methods defined on the Tensor and TensorView types. You should
* typically use TensorRef and TensorMut implementations via the TensorView struct which provides
* an API closely resembling Tensor.
*/
use std::marker::PhantomData;
use crate::linear_algebra;
use crate::numeric::{Numeric, NumericRef};
use crate::tensors::indexing::{
TensorAccess, TensorIterator, TensorReferenceIterator, TensorReferenceMutIterator,
TensorTranspose,
};
use crate::tensors::{Dimension, Tensor};
mod indexes;
mod ranges;
mod renamed;
pub mod traits;
mod zip;
pub use indexes::*;
pub use ranges::*;
pub use renamed::*;
pub use zip::*;
/**
* A shared/immutable reference to a tensor (or a portion of it) of some type and number of
* dimensions.
*
* # Indexing
*
* A TensorRef has a shape of type `[(Dimension, usize); D]`. This defines the valid indexes along
* each dimension name and length pair from 0 inclusive to the length exclusive. If the shape was
* `[("r", 2), ("c", 2)]` the indexes used would be `[0,0]`, `[0,1]`, `[1,0]` and `[1,1]`.
* Although the dimension name in each pair is used for many high level APIs, for TensorRef the
* order of dimensions is used, and the indexes (`[usize; D]`) these trait methods are called with
* must be in the same order as the shape. In general some `[("a", a), ("b", b), ("c", c)...]`
* shape is indexed from `[0,0,0...]` through to `[a - 1, b - 1, c - 1...]`, regardless of how the
* data is actually laid out in memory.
*
* # Safety
*
* In order to support returning references without bounds checking in a useful way, the
* implementing type is required to uphold several invariants that cannot be checked by
* the compiler.
*
* 1 - Any valid index as described in Indexing will yield a safe reference when calling
* `get_reference_unchecked` and `get_reference_unchecked_mut`.
*
* 2 - The view shape that defines which indexes are valid may not be changed by a shared reference
* to the TensorRef implementation. ie, the tensor may not be resized while a mutable reference is
* held to it, except by that reference.
*
* 3 - All dimension names in the `view_shape` must be unique.
*
* 4 - All dimension lengths in the `view_shape` must be non zero.
*
* 5 - `data_layout` must return values correctly as documented on [`DataLayout`](DataLayout)
*
* Essentially, interior mutability causes problems, since code looping through the range of valid
* indexes in a TensorRef needs to be able to rely on that range of valid indexes not changing.
* This is trivially the case by default since a [Tensor](Tensor) does not have any form of
* interior mutability, and therefore an iterator holding a shared reference to a Tensor prevents
* that tensor being resized. However, a type *wrongly* implementing TensorRef could introduce
* interior mutability by putting the Tensor in an `Arc<Mutex<>>` which would allow another thread
* to resize a tensor while an iterator was looping through previously valid indexes on a different
* thread. This is the same contract as
* [`NoInteriorMutability`](crate::matrices::views::NoInteriorMutability) used in the matrix APIs.
*
* Note that it is okay to be able to resize any TensorRef implementation if that always requires
* an exclusive reference to the TensorRef/Tensor, since the exclusivity prevents the above
* scenario.
*/
pub unsafe trait TensorRef<T, const D: usize> {
/**
* Gets a reference to the value at the index if the index is in range. Otherwise returns None.
*/
fn get_reference(&self, indexes: [usize; D]) -> Option<&T>;
/**
* The shape this tensor has. See [dimensions](crate::tensors::dimensions) for an overview.
* The product of the lengths in the pairs define how many elements are in the tensor
* (or the portion of it that is visible).
*/
fn view_shape(&self) -> [(Dimension, usize); D];
/**
* Gets a reference to the value at the index without doing any bounds checking. For a safe
* alternative see [get_reference](TensorRef::get_reference).
*
* # Safety
*
* Calling this method with an out-of-bounds index is *[undefined behavior]* even if the
* resulting reference is not used. Valid indexes are defined as in [TensorRef].
*
* [undefined behavior]: <https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/behavior-considered-undefined.html>
* [TensorRef]: TensorRef
*/
unsafe fn get_reference_unchecked(&self, indexes: [usize; D]) -> &T;
/**
* The way the data in this tensor is laid out in memory. In particular,
* [`Linear`](DataLayout) has several requirements on what is returned that must be upheld
* by implementations of this trait.
*
* For a [Tensor] this would return `DataLayout::Linear` in the same order as the `view_shape`,
* since the data is in a single line and the `view_shape` is in most significant dimension
* to least. Many views however, create shapes that do not correspond to linear memory, either
* by combining non array data with tensors, or hiding dimensions. Similarly, a row major
* Tensor might be transposed to a column major TensorView, so the view shape could be reversed
* compared to the order of significance of the dimensions in memory.
*
* In general, an array of dimension names matching the view shape order is big endian, and
* will be iterated through efficiently by [TensorIterator], and an array of dimension names
* in reverse of the view shape is in little endian order.
*
* The implementation of this trait must ensure that if it returns `DataLayout::Linear`
* the set of dimension names are returned in the order of most significant to least and match
* the set of the dimension names returned by `view_shape`.
*/
fn data_layout(&self) -> DataLayout<D>;
}
/**
* How the data in the tensor is laid out in memory.
*/
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub enum DataLayout<const D: usize> {
/**
* The data is laid out in linear storage in memory, such that we could take a slice over the
* entire data specified by our `view_shape`.
*
* The `D` length array specifies the dimensions in the `view_shape` in the order of most
* significant dimension (in memory) to least.
*
* In general, an array of dimension names in the same order as the view shape is big endian
* order (implying the order of dimensions in the view shape is most significant to least),
* and will be iterated through efficiently by [TensorIterator], and an array of
* dimension names in reverse of the view shape is in little endian order
* (implying the order of dimensions in the view shape is least significant to most).
*
* In memory, the data will have some order such that if we want repeatedly take 1 step
* through memory from the first value to the last there will be a most significant dimension
* that always goes up, through to a least significant dimension with the most rapidly varying
* index.
*
* In most of Easy ML's Tensors, the `view_shape` dimensions would already be in the order of
* most significant dimension to least (since [Tensor] stores its data in big endian order),
* so the list of dimension names will just increment match the order of the view shape.
*
* For example, a tensor with a view shape of `[("batch", 2), ("row", 2), ("column", 3)]` that
* stores its data in most significant to least would be (indexed) like:
* ```ignore
* [
* (0,0,0), (0,0,1), (0,0,2),
* (0,1,0), (0,1,1), (0,1,2),
* (1,0,0), (1,0,1), (1,0,2),
* (1,1,0), (1,1,1), (1,1,2)
* ]
* ```
*
* To take one step in memory, we would increment the right most dimension index ("column"),
* counting our way up through to the left most dimension index ("batch"). If we changed
* this tensor to `[("column", 3), ("row", 2), ("batch", 2)]` so that the `view_shape` was
* swapped to least significant dimension to most but the data remained in the same order,
* our tensor would still have a DataLayout of `Linear(["batch", "row", "column"])`, since
* the indexes in the transposed `view_shape` correspond to an actual memory layout that's
* completely reversed. Alternatively, you could say we reversed the view shape but the
* memory layout never changed:
* ```ignore
* [
* (0,0,0), (1,0,0), (2,0,0),
* (0,1,0), (1,1,0), (2,1,0),
* (0,0,1), (1,0,1), (2,0,1),
* (0,1,1), (1,1,1), (2,1,1)
* ]
* ```
*
* To take one step in memory, we now need to increment the left most dimension index (on
* the view shape) ("column"), counting our way in reverse to the right most dimension
* index ("batch").
*
* That `["batch", "row", "column"]` is also exactly the order you would need to swap your
* dimensions on the `view_shape` to get back to most significant to least. A [TensorAccess]
* could reorder the tensor by this array order to get back to most significant to least
* ordering on the `view_shape` in order to iterate through the data efficiently.
*/
Linear([Dimension; D]),
/**
* The data is not laid out in linear storage in memory.
*/
NonLinear,
/**
* The data is not laid out in a linear or non linear way, or we don't know how it's laid
* out.
*/
Other,
}
/**
* A unique/mutable reference to a tensor (or a portion of it) of some type.
*
* # Safety
*
* See [TensorRef](TensorRef).
*/
pub unsafe trait TensorMut<T, const D: usize>: TensorRef<T, D> {
/**
* Gets a mutable reference to the value at the index, if the index is in range. Otherwise
* returns None.
*/
fn get_reference_mut(&mut self, indexes: [usize; D]) -> Option<&mut T>;
/**
* Gets a mutable reference to the value at the index without doing any bounds checking.
* For a safe alternative see [get_reference_mut](TensorMut::get_reference_mut).
*
* # Safety
*
* Calling this method with an out-of-bounds index is *[undefined behavior]* even if the
* resulting reference is not used. Valid indexes are defined as in [TensorRef].
*
* [undefined behavior]: <https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/behavior-considered-undefined.html>
* [TensorRef]: TensorRef
*/
unsafe fn get_reference_unchecked_mut(&mut self, indexes: [usize; D]) -> &mut T;
}
/**
* A view into some or all of a tensor.
*
* A TensorView has a similar relationship to a [`Tensor`](Tensor) as a
* `&str` has to a `String`, or an array slice to an array. A TensorView cannot resize
* its source, and may span only a portion of the source Tensor in each dimension.
*
* However a TensorView is generic not only over the type of the data in the Tensor,
* but also over the way the Tensor is 'sliced' and the two are orthogonal to each other.
*
* TensorView closely mirrors the API of Tensor.
* Methods that create a new tensor do not return a TensorView, they return a Tensor.
*/
pub struct TensorView<T, S, const D: usize> {
source: S,
_type: PhantomData<T>,
}
/**
* TensorView methods which require only read access via a [TensorRef](TensorRef) source.
*/
impl<T, S, const D: usize> TensorView<T, S, D>
where
S: TensorRef<T, D>,
{
/**
* Creates a TensorView from a source of some type.
*
* The lifetime of the source determines the lifetime of the TensorView created. If the
* TensorView is created from a reference to a Tensor, then the TensorView cannot live
* longer than the Tensor referenced.
*/
pub fn from(source: S) -> TensorView<T, S, D> {
TensorView {
source,
_type: PhantomData,
}
}
/**
* Consumes the tensor view, yielding the source it was created from.
*/
pub fn source(self) -> S {
self.source
}
/**
* Gives a reference to the tensor view's source.
*/
pub fn source_ref(&self) -> &S {
&self.source
}
/**
* Gives a mutable reference to the tensor view's source.
*/
pub fn source_ref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut S {
&mut self.source
}
/**
* The shape of this tensor view. Since Tensors are named Tensors, their shape is not just a
* list of length along each dimension, but instead a list of pairs of names and lengths.
*
* Note that a TensorView may have a shape which is different than the Tensor it is providing
* access to the data of. The TensorView might be [masking dimensions](TensorIndex) or
* elements from the shape, or exposing [false ones](TensorExpansion).
*
* See also
* - [dimensions](crate::tensors::dimensions)
* - [indexing](crate::tensors::indexing)
*/
pub fn shape(&self) -> [(Dimension, usize); D] {
self.source.view_shape()
}
/**
* Returns a TensorAccess which can be indexed in the order of the supplied dimensions
* to read values from this tensor view.
*
* # Panics
*
* If the set of dimensions supplied do not match the set of dimensions in this tensor's shape.
*/
#[track_caller]
pub fn index_by(&self, dimensions: [Dimension; D]) -> TensorAccess<T, &S, D> {
TensorAccess::from(&self.source, dimensions)
}
/**
* Returns a TensorAccess which can be indexed in the order of the supplied dimensions
* to read or write values from this tensor view.
*
* # Panics
*
* If the set of dimensions supplied do not match the set of dimensions in this tensor's shape.
*/
#[track_caller]
pub fn index_by_mut(&mut self, dimensions: [Dimension; D]) -> TensorAccess<T, &mut S, D> {
TensorAccess::from(&mut self.source, dimensions)
}
/**
* Returns a TensorAccess which can be indexed in the order of the supplied dimensions
* to read or write values from this tensor view.
*
* # Panics
*
* If the set of dimensions supplied do not match the set of dimensions in this tensor's shape.
*/
#[track_caller]
pub fn index_by_owned(self, dimensions: [Dimension; D]) -> TensorAccess<T, S, D> {
TensorAccess::from(self.source, dimensions)
}
/**
* Creates a TensorAccess which will index into the dimensions of the source this TensorView
* was created with in the same order as they were declared.
* See [TensorAccess::from_source_order].
*/
pub fn index(&self) -> TensorAccess<T, &S, D> {
TensorAccess::from_source_order(&self.source)
}
/**
* Creates a TensorAccess which will index into the dimensions of the source this TensorView
* was created with in the same order as they were declared. The TensorAccess mutably borrows
* the source, and can therefore mutate it if it implements TensorMut.
* See [TensorAccess::from_source_order].
*/
pub fn index_mut(&mut self) -> TensorAccess<T, &mut S, D> {
TensorAccess::from_source_order(&mut self.source)
}
/**
* Creates a TensorAccess which will index into the dimensions this Tensor was
* created with in the same order as they were provided. The TensorAccess takes ownership
* of the Tensor, and can therefore mutate it. The TensorAccess takes ownership of
* the source, and can therefore mutate it if it implements TensorMut.
* See [TensorAccess::from_source_order].
*/
pub fn index_owned(self) -> TensorAccess<T, S, D> {
TensorAccess::from_source_order(self.source)
}
/**
* Returns an iterator over references to the data in this TensorView.
*/
pub fn iter_reference(&self) -> TensorReferenceIterator<T, S, D> {
TensorReferenceIterator::from(&self.source)
}
/**
* Returns a TensorView with the dimension names of the shape renamed to the provided
* dimensions. The data of this tensor and the dimension lengths and order remain unchanged.
*
* This is a shorthand for constructing the TensorView from this TensorView. See
* [`Tensor::rename_view`](Tensor::rename_view).
*
* # Panics
*
* If a dimension name is not unique
*/
#[track_caller]
pub fn rename_view(
&self,
dimensions: [Dimension; D],
) -> TensorView<T, TensorRename<T, &S, D>, D> {
TensorView::from(TensorRename::from(&self.source, dimensions))
}
/**
* Returns a TensorView with a range taken in P dimensions, hiding the values **outside** the
* range from view. Error cases are documented on [TensorRange](TensorRange).
*
* This is a shorthand for constructing the TensorView from this TensorView. See
* [`Tensor::range`](Tensor::range).
*/
pub fn range<R, const P: usize>(
&self,
ranges: [(Dimension, R); P],
) -> Result<TensorView<T, TensorRange<T, &S, D>, D>, IndexRangeValidationError<D, P>>
where
R: Into<IndexRange>,
{
TensorRange::from(&self.source, ranges).map(|range| TensorView::from(range))
}
/**
* Returns a TensorView with a range taken in P dimensions, hiding the values **outside** the
* range from view. Error cases are documented on [TensorRange](TensorRange). The TensorRange
* mutably borrows the source, and can therefore mutate it if it implements TensorMut.
*
* This is a shorthand for constructing the TensorView from this TensorView. See
* [`Tensor::range`](Tensor::range).
*/
pub fn range_mut<R, const P: usize>(
&mut self,
ranges: [(Dimension, R); P],
) -> Result<TensorView<T, TensorRange<T, &mut S, D>, D>, IndexRangeValidationError<D, P>>
where
R: Into<IndexRange>,
{
TensorRange::from(&mut self.source, ranges).map(|range| TensorView::from(range))
}
/**
* Returns a TensorView with a range taken in P dimensions, hiding the values **outside** the
* range from view. Error cases are documented on [TensorRange](TensorRange). The TensorRange
* takes ownership of the source, and can therefore mutate it if it implements TensorMut.
*
* This is a shorthand for constructing the TensorView from this TensorView. See
* [`Tensor::range`](Tensor::range).
*/
pub fn range_owned<R, const P: usize>(
self,
ranges: [(Dimension, R); P],
) -> Result<TensorView<T, TensorRange<T, S, D>, D>, IndexRangeValidationError<D, P>>
where
R: Into<IndexRange>,
{
TensorRange::from(self.source, ranges).map(|range| TensorView::from(range))
}
/**
* Returns a TensorView with a mask taken in P dimensions, hiding the values **inside** the
* range from view. Error cases are documented on [TensorMask](TensorMask).
*
* This is a shorthand for constructing the TensorView from this TensorView. See
* [`Tensor::mask`](Tensor::mask).
*/
pub fn mask<R, const P: usize>(
&self,
masks: [(Dimension, R); P],
) -> Result<TensorView<T, TensorMask<T, &S, D>, D>, IndexRangeValidationError<D, P>>
where
R: Into<IndexRange>,
{
TensorMask::from(&self.source, masks).map(|mask| TensorView::from(mask))
}
/**
* Returns a TensorView with a mask taken in P dimensions, hiding the values **inside** the
* range from view. Error cases are documented on [TensorMask](TensorMask). The TensorMask
* mutably borrows the source, and can therefore mutate it if it implements TensorMut.
*
* This is a shorthand for constructing the TensorView from this TensorView. See
* [`Tensor::mask`](Tensor::mask).
*/
pub fn mask_mut<R, const P: usize>(
&mut self,
masks: [(Dimension, R); P],
) -> Result<TensorView<T, TensorMask<T, &mut S, D>, D>, IndexRangeValidationError<D, P>>
where
R: Into<IndexRange>,
{
TensorMask::from(&mut self.source, masks).map(|mask| TensorView::from(mask))
}
/**
* Returns a TensorView with a mask taken in P dimensions, hiding the values **inside** the
* range from view. Error cases are documented on [TensorMask](TensorMask). The TensorMask
* takes ownership of the source, and can therefore mutate it if it implements TensorMut.
*
* This is a shorthand for constructing the TensorView from this TensorView. See
* [`Tensor::mask`](Tensor::mask).
*/
pub fn mask_owned<R, const P: usize>(
self,
masks: [(Dimension, R); P],
) -> Result<TensorView<T, TensorMask<T, S, D>, D>, IndexRangeValidationError<D, P>>
where
R: Into<IndexRange>,
{
TensorMask::from(self.source, masks).map(|mask| TensorView::from(mask))
}
/**
* Creates and returns a new tensor with all value pairs of two tensors with the same shape
* mapped by a function. The value pairs are not copied for you, if you're using `Copy` types
* or need to clone the values anyway, you can use
* [`TensorView::elementwise`](TensorView::elementwise) instead.
*
* # Generics
*
* This method can be called with any right hand side that can be converted to a TensorView,
* which includes `Tensor`, `&Tensor`, `&mut Tensor` as well as references to a `TensorView`.
*
* # Panics
*
* If the two tensors have different shapes.
*/
#[track_caller]
pub fn elementwise_reference<S2, I, M>(&self, rhs: I, mapping_function: M) -> Tensor<T, D>
where
I: Into<TensorView<T, S2, D>>,
S2: TensorRef<T, D>,
M: Fn(&T, &T) -> T,
{
self.elementwise_reference_less_generic(rhs.into(), mapping_function)
}
/**
* Creates and returns a new tensor with all value pairs of two tensors with the same shape
* mapped by a function. The mapping function also receives each index corresponding to the
* value pairs. The value pairs are not copied for you, if you're using `Copy` types
* or need to clone the values anyway, you can use
* [`TensorView::elementwise_with_index`](TensorView::elementwise_with_index) instead.
*
* # Generics
*
* This method can be called with any right hand side that can be converted to a TensorView,
* which includes `Tensor`, `&Tensor`, `&mut Tensor` as well as references to a `TensorView`.
*
* # Panics
*
* If the two tensors have different shapes.
*/
#[track_caller]
pub fn elementwise_reference_with_index<S2, I, M>(
&self,
rhs: I,
mapping_function: M,
) -> Tensor<T, D>
where
I: Into<TensorView<T, S2, D>>,
S2: TensorRef<T, D>,
M: Fn([usize; D], &T, &T) -> T,
{
self.elementwise_reference_less_generic_with_index(rhs.into(), mapping_function)
}
#[track_caller]
fn elementwise_reference_less_generic<S2, M>(
&self,
rhs: TensorView<T, S2, D>,
mapping_function: M,
) -> Tensor<T, D>
where
S2: TensorRef<T, D>,
M: Fn(&T, &T) -> T,
{
let left_shape = self.shape();
let right_shape = rhs.shape();
if left_shape != right_shape {
panic!(
"Dimensions of left and right tensors are not the same: (left: {:?}, right: {:?})",
left_shape, right_shape
);
}
let mapped = self
.iter_reference()
.zip(rhs.iter_reference())
.map(|(x, y)| mapping_function(x, y))
.collect();
Tensor::from(left_shape, mapped)
}
#[track_caller]
fn elementwise_reference_less_generic_with_index<S2, M>(
&self,
rhs: TensorView<T, S2, D>,
mapping_function: M,
) -> Tensor<T, D>
where
S2: TensorRef<T, D>,
M: Fn([usize; D], &T, &T) -> T,
{
let left_shape = self.shape();
let right_shape = rhs.shape();
if left_shape != right_shape {
panic!(
"Dimensions of left and right tensors are not the same: (left: {:?}, right: {:?})",
left_shape, right_shape
);
}
// we just checked both shapes were the same, so we don't need to propagate indexes
// for both tensors because they'll be identical
let mapped = self
.iter_reference()
.with_index()
.zip(rhs.iter_reference())
.map(|((i, x), y)| mapping_function(i, x, y))
.collect();
Tensor::from(left_shape, mapped)
}
/**
* Returns a TensorView which makes the order of the data in this tensor appear to be in
* a different order. The order of the dimension names is unchanged, although their lengths
* may swap.
*
* This is a shorthand for constructing the TensorView from this TensorView.
*
* See also: [transpose](TensorView::transpose), [TensorTranspose](TensorTranspose)
*
* # Panics
*
* If the set of dimensions in the tensor does not match the set of dimensions provided. The
* order need not match.
*/
pub fn transpose_view(
&self,
dimensions: [Dimension; D],
) -> TensorView<T, TensorTranspose<T, &S, D>, D> {
TensorView::from(TensorTranspose::from(&self.source, dimensions))
}
}
impl<T, S, const D: usize> TensorView<T, S, D>
where
S: TensorMut<T, D>,
{
/**
* Returns an iterator over mutable references to the data in this TensorView.
*/
pub fn iter_reference_mut(&mut self) -> TensorReferenceMutIterator<T, S, D> {
TensorReferenceMutIterator::from(&mut self.source)
}
}
/**
* TensorView methods which require only read access via a [TensorRef](TensorRef) source
* and a clonable type.
*/
impl<T, S, const D: usize> TensorView<T, S, D>
where
T: Clone,
S: TensorRef<T, D>,
{
/**
* Gets a copy of the first value in this tensor.
* For 0 dimensional tensors this is the only index `[]`, for 1 dimensional tensors this
* is `[0]`, for 2 dimensional tensors `[0,0]`, etcetera.
*/
pub fn first(&self) -> T {
self.iter()
.next()
.expect("Tensors always have at least 1 element")
}
/**
* Returns a new Tensor which has the same data as this tensor, but with the order of data
* changed. The order of the dimension names is unchanged, although their lengths may swap.
*
* For example, with a `[("x", x), ("y", y)]` tensor you could call
* `transpose(["y", "x"])` which would return a new tensor with a shape of
* `[("x", y), ("y", x)]` where every (x,y) of its data corresponds to (y,x) in the original.
*
* This method need not shift *all* the dimensions though, you could also swap the width
* and height of images in a tensor with a shape of
* `[("batch", b), ("h", h), ("w", w), ("c", c)]` via `transpose(["batch", "w", "h", "c"])`
* which would return a new tensor where all the images have been swapped over the diagonal.
*
* See also: [TensorAccess](TensorAccess), [reorder](TensorView::reorder)
*
* # Panics
*
* If the set of dimensions in the tensor does not match the set of dimensions provided. The
* order need not match (and if the order does match, this function is just an expensive
* clone).
*/
#[track_caller]
pub fn transpose(&self, dimensions: [Dimension; D]) -> Tensor<T, D> {
let shape = self.shape();
let mut reordered = self.reorder(dimensions);
// Transposition is essentially reordering, but we retain the dimension name ordering
// of the original order, this means we may swap dimension lengths, but the dimensions
// will not change order.
for d in 0..D {
reordered.shape[d].0 = shape[d].0;
}
reordered
}
/**
* Returns a new Tensor which has the same data as this tensor, but with the order of the
* dimensions and corresponding order of data changed.
*
* For example, with a `[("x", x), ("y", y)]` tensor you could call
* `reorder(["y", "x"])` which would return a new tensor with a shape of
* `[("y", y), ("x", x)]` where every (y,x) of its data corresponds to (x,y) in the original.
*
* This method need not shift *all* the dimensions though, you could also swap the width
* and height of images in a tensor with a shape of
* `[("batch", b), ("h", h), ("w", w), ("c", c)]` via `reorder(["batch", "w", "h", "c"])`
* which would return a new tensor where every (b,w,h,c) of its data corresponds to (b,h,w,c)
* in the original.
*
* See also: [TensorAccess](TensorAccess), [transpose](TensorView::transpose)
*
* # Panics
*
* If the set of dimensions in the tensor does not match the set of dimensions provided. The
* order need not match (and if the order does match, this function is just an expensive
* clone).
*/
#[track_caller]
pub fn reorder(&self, dimensions: [Dimension; D]) -> Tensor<T, D> {
let reorderd = match TensorAccess::try_from(&self.source, dimensions) {
Ok(reordered) => reordered,
Err(_error) => panic!(
"Dimension names provided {:?} must be the same set of dimension names in the tensor: {:?}",
dimensions,
self.shape(),
),
};
let reorderd_shape = reorderd.shape();
Tensor::from(reorderd_shape, reorderd.iter().collect())
}
/**
* Creates and returns a new tensor with all values from the original with the
* function applied to each. This can be used to change the type of the tensor
* such as creating a mask:
* ```
* use easy_ml::tensors::Tensor;
* use easy_ml::tensors::views::TensorView;
* let x = TensorView::from(Tensor::from([("a", 2), ("b", 2)], vec![
* 0.0, 1.2,
* 5.8, 6.9
* ]));
* let y = x.map(|element| element > 2.0);
* let result = Tensor::from([("a", 2), ("b", 2)], vec![
* false, false,
* true, true
* ]);
* assert_eq!(&y, &result);
* ```
*/
pub fn map<U>(&self, mapping_function: impl Fn(T) -> U) -> Tensor<U, D> {
let mapped = self.iter().map(mapping_function).collect();
Tensor::from(self.shape(), mapped)
}
/**
* Creates and returns a new tensor with all values from the original and
* the index of each value mapped by a function.
*/
pub fn map_with_index<U>(&self, mapping_function: impl Fn([usize; D], T) -> U) -> Tensor<U, D> {
let mapped = self
.iter()
.with_index()
.map(|(i, x)| mapping_function(i, x))
.collect();
Tensor::from(self.shape(), mapped)
}
/**
* Returns an iterator over copies of the data in this TensorView.
*/
pub fn iter(&self) -> TensorIterator<T, S, D> {
TensorIterator::from(&self.source)
}
/**
* Creates and returns a new tensor with all value pairs of two tensors with the same shape
* mapped by a function.
*
* ```
* use easy_ml::tensors::Tensor;
* use easy_ml::tensors::views::TensorView;
* let lhs = TensorView::from(Tensor::from([("a", 4)], vec![1, 2, 3, 4]));
* let rhs = TensorView::from(Tensor::from([("a", 4)], vec![0, 1, 2, 3]));
* let multiplied = lhs.elementwise(&rhs, |l, r| l * r);
* assert_eq!(
* multiplied,
* Tensor::from([("a", 4)], vec![0, 2, 6, 12])
* );
* ```
*
* # Generics
*
* This method can be called with any right hand side that can be converted to a TensorView,
* which includes `Tensor`, `&Tensor`, `&mut Tensor` as well as references to a `TensorView`.
*
* # Panics
*
* If the two tensors have different shapes.
*/
#[track_caller]
pub fn elementwise<S2, I, M>(&self, rhs: I, mapping_function: M) -> Tensor<T, D>
where
I: Into<TensorView<T, S2, D>>,
S2: TensorRef<T, D>,
M: Fn(T, T) -> T,
{
self.elementwise_reference_less_generic(rhs.into(), |lhs, rhs| {
mapping_function(lhs.clone(), rhs.clone())
})
}
/**
* Creates and returns a new tensor with all value pairs of two tensors with the same shape
* mapped by a function. The mapping function also receives each index corresponding to the
* value pairs.
*
* # Generics
*
* This method can be called with any right hand side that can be converted to a TensorView,
* which includes `Tensor`, `&Tensor`, `&mut Tensor` as well as references to a `TensorView`.
*
* # Panics
*
* If the two tensors have different shapes.
*/
#[track_caller]
pub fn elementwise_with_index<S2, I, M>(&self, rhs: I, mapping_function: M) -> Tensor<T, D>
where
I: Into<TensorView<T, S2, D>>,
S2: TensorRef<T, D>,
M: Fn([usize; D], T, T) -> T,
{
self.elementwise_reference_less_generic_with_index(rhs.into(), |i, lhs, rhs| {
mapping_function(i, lhs.clone(), rhs.clone())
})
}
}
/**
* TensorView methods which require only read access via a scalar [TensorRef](TensorRef) source
* and a clonable type.
*/
impl<T, S> TensorView<T, S, 0>
where
T: Clone,
S: TensorRef<T, 0>,
{
/**
* Returns a copy of the sole element in the 0 dimensional tensor.
*/
pub fn scalar(&self) -> T {
self.source.get_reference([]).unwrap().clone()
}
}
/**
* TensorView methods which require mutable access via a [TensorMut](TensorMut) source.
*/
impl<T, S, const D: usize> TensorView<T, S, D>
where
T: Clone,
S: TensorMut<T, D>,
{
/**
* Applies a function to all values in the tensor view, modifying
* the tensor in place.
*/
pub fn map_mut(&mut self, mapping_function: impl Fn(T) -> T) {
self.iter_reference_mut()
.for_each(|x| *x = mapping_function(x.clone()));
}
/**
* Applies a function to all values and each value's index in the tensor view, modifying
* the tensor view in place.
*/
pub fn map_mut_with_index(&mut self, mapping_function: impl Fn([usize; D], T) -> T) {
self.iter_reference_mut()
.with_index()
.for_each(|(i, x)| *x = mapping_function(i, x.clone()));
}
}
impl<T, S> TensorView<T, S, 1>
where
T: Numeric,
for<'a> &'a T: NumericRef<T>,
S: TensorRef<T, 1>,
{
/**
* Computes the scalar product of two equal length vectors. For two vectors `[a,b,c]` and
* `[d,e,f]`, returns `a*d + b*e + c*f`. This is also known as the dot product.
*
* ```
* use easy_ml::tensors::Tensor;
* use easy_ml::tensors::views::TensorView;
* let tensor_view = TensorView::from(Tensor::from([("sequence", 5)], vec![3, 4, 5, 6, 7]));
* assert_eq!(tensor_view.scalar_product(&tensor_view), 3*3 + 4*4 + 5*5 + 6*6 + 7*7);
* ```
*
* # Generics
*
* This method can be called with any right hand side that can be converted to a TensorView,
* which includes `Tensor`, `&Tensor`, `&mut Tensor` as well as references to a `TensorView`.
*
* # Panics
*
* If the two vectors are not of equal length or their dimension names do not match.
*/
// Would like this impl block to be in operations.rs too but then it would show first in the
// TensorView docs which isn't ideal
pub fn scalar_product<S2, I>(&self, rhs: I) -> T
where
I: Into<TensorView<T, S2, 1>>,
S2: TensorRef<T, 1>,
{
self.scalar_product_less_generic(rhs.into())
}
}
impl<T, S> TensorView<T, S, 2>
where
T: Numeric,
for<'a> &'a T: NumericRef<T>,
S: TensorRef<T, 2>,
{
/**
* Returns the determinant of this square matrix, or None if the matrix
* does not have a determinant. See [`linear_algebra`](super::linear_algebra::determinant_tensor())
*/
pub fn determinant(&self) -> Option<T> {
linear_algebra::determinant_tensor::<T, _, _>(self)
}
/**
* Computes the inverse of a matrix provided that it exists. To have an inverse a
* matrix must be square (same number of rows and columns) and it must also have a
* non zero determinant. See [`linear_algebra`](super::linear_algebra::inverse_tensor())
*/
pub fn inverse(&self) -> Option<Tensor<T, 2>> {
linear_algebra::inverse_tensor::<T, _, _>(self)
}
/**
* Computes the covariance matrix for this feature matrix along the specified feature
* dimension in this matrix. See [`linear_algebra`](crate::linear_algebra::covariance()).
*/
pub fn covariance(&self, feature_dimension: Dimension) -> Tensor<T, 2> {
linear_algebra::covariance::<T, _, _>(self, feature_dimension)
}
}
macro_rules! tensor_view_select_impl {
(impl TensorView $d:literal 1) => {
impl<T, S> TensorView<T, S, $d>
where
S: TensorRef<T, $d>,
{
/**
* Selects the provided dimension name and index pairs in this TensorView, returning a
* TensorView which has fewer dimensions than this TensorView, with the removed dimensions
* always indexed as the provided values.
*
* This is a shorthand for manually constructing the TensorView and
* [TensorIndex](TensorIndex)
*
* Note: due to limitations in Rust's const generics support, this method is only
* implemented for `provided_indexes` of length 1 and `D` from 1 to 6. You can fall
* back to manual construction to create `TensorIndex`es with multiple provided
* indexes if you need to reduce dimensionality by more than 1 dimension at a time.
*/
#[track_caller]
pub fn select(
&self,
provided_indexes: [(Dimension, usize); 1],
) -> TensorView<T, TensorIndex<T, &S, $d, 1>, { $d - 1 }> {
TensorView::from(TensorIndex::from(&self.source, provided_indexes))
}
/**
* Selects the provided dimension name and index pairs in this TensorView, returning a
* TensorView which has fewer dimensions than this Tensor, with the removed dimensions
* always indexed as the provided values. The TensorIndex mutably borrows this
* Tensor, and can therefore mutate it
*
* See [select](TensorView::select)
*/
#[track_caller]
pub fn select_mut(
&mut self,
provided_indexes: [(Dimension, usize); 1],
) -> TensorView<T, TensorIndex<T, &mut S, $d, 1>, { $d - 1 }> {
TensorView::from(TensorIndex::from(&mut self.source, provided_indexes))
}
/**
* Selects the provided dimension name and index pairs in this TensorView, returning a
* TensorView which has fewer dimensions than this Tensor, with the removed dimensions
* always indexed as the provided values. The TensorIndex takes ownership of this
* Tensor, and can therefore mutate it
*
* See [select](TensorView::select)
*/
#[track_caller]
pub fn select_owned(
self,
provided_indexes: [(Dimension, usize); 1],
) -> TensorView<T, TensorIndex<T, S, $d, 1>, { $d - 1 }> {
TensorView::from(TensorIndex::from(self.source, provided_indexes))
}
}
};
}
tensor_view_select_impl!(impl TensorView 6 1);
tensor_view_select_impl!(impl TensorView 5 1);
tensor_view_select_impl!(impl TensorView 4 1);
tensor_view_select_impl!(impl TensorView 3 1);
tensor_view_select_impl!(impl TensorView 2 1);
tensor_view_select_impl!(impl TensorView 1 1);
macro_rules! tensor_view_expand_impl {
(impl Tensor $d:literal 1) => {
impl<T, S> TensorView<T, S, $d>
where
S: TensorRef<T, $d>,
{
/**
* Expands the dimensionality of this tensor by adding dimensions of length 1 at
* a particular position within the shape, returning a TensorView which has more
* dimensions than this TensorView.
*
* This is a shorthand for manually constructing the TensorView and
* [TensorExpansion](TensorExpansion)
*
* Note: due to limitations in Rust's const generics support, this method is only
* implemented for `extra_dimension_names` of length 1 and `D` from 0 to 5. You can
* fall back to manual construction to create `TensorExpansion`s with multiple provided
* indexes if you need to increase dimensionality by more than 1 dimension at a time.
*/
#[track_caller]
pub fn expand(
&self,
extra_dimension_names: [(usize, Dimension); 1],
) -> TensorView<T, TensorExpansion<T, &S, $d, 1>, { $d + 1 }> {
TensorView::from(TensorExpansion::from(&self.source, extra_dimension_names))
}
/**
* Expands the dimensionality of this tensor by adding dimensions of length 1 at
* a particular position within the shape, returning a TensorView which has more
* dimensions than this Tensor. The TensorIndex mutably borrows this
* Tensor, and can therefore mutate it
*
* See [expand](Tensor::expand)
*/
#[track_caller]
pub fn expand_mut(
&mut self,
extra_dimension_names: [(usize, Dimension); 1],
) -> TensorView<T, TensorExpansion<T, &mut S, $d, 1>, { $d + 1 }> {
TensorView::from(TensorExpansion::from(
&mut self.source,
extra_dimension_names,
))
}
/**
* Expands the dimensionality of this tensor by adding dimensions of length 1 at
* a particular position within the shape, returning a TensorView which has more
* dimensions than this Tensor. The TensorIndex takes ownership of this
* Tensor, and can therefore mutate it
*
* See [expand](Tensor::expand)
*/
#[track_caller]
pub fn expand_owned(
self,
extra_dimension_names: [(usize, Dimension); 1],
) -> TensorView<T, TensorExpansion<T, S, $d, 1>, { $d + 1 }> {
TensorView::from(TensorExpansion::from(self.source, extra_dimension_names))
}
}
};
}
tensor_view_expand_impl!(impl Tensor 0 1);
tensor_view_expand_impl!(impl Tensor 1 1);
tensor_view_expand_impl!(impl Tensor 2 1);
tensor_view_expand_impl!(impl Tensor 3 1);
tensor_view_expand_impl!(impl Tensor 4 1);
tensor_view_expand_impl!(impl Tensor 5 1);
/**
* Debug implementations for TensorView additionally show the visible data and visible dimensions
* reported by the source as fields. This is in addition to recursive debug content of the actual
* source.
*/
impl<T, S, const D: usize> std::fmt::Debug for TensorView<T, S, D>
where
T: std::fmt::Debug,
S: std::fmt::Debug + TensorRef<T, D>,
{
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
f.debug_struct("TensorView")
.field("visible", &DebugSourceVisible::from(&self.source))
.field("shape", &self.source.view_shape())
.field("source", &self.source)
.finish()
}
}
struct DebugSourceVisible<T, S, const D: usize> {
source: S,
_type: PhantomData<T>,
}
impl<T, S, const D: usize> DebugSourceVisible<T, S, D>
where
T: std::fmt::Debug,
S: std::fmt::Debug + TensorRef<T, D>,
{
fn from(source: S) -> DebugSourceVisible<T, S, D> {
DebugSourceVisible {
source,
_type: PhantomData,
}
}
}
impl<T, S, const D: usize> std::fmt::Debug for DebugSourceVisible<T, S, D>
where
T: std::fmt::Debug,
S: std::fmt::Debug + TensorRef<T, D>,
{
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
f.debug_list()
.entries(TensorReferenceIterator::from(&self.source))
.finish()
}
}
#[test]
fn test_debug() {
let x = Tensor::from([("rows", 3), ("columns", 4)], (0..12).collect());
let view = TensorView::from(&x);
let debugged = format!("{:?}\n{:?}", x, view);
assert_eq!(
debugged,
r#"Tensor { data: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11], shape: [("rows", 3), ("columns", 4)], strides: [4, 1] }
TensorView { visible: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11], shape: [("rows", 3), ("columns", 4)], source: Tensor { data: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11], shape: [("rows", 3), ("columns", 4)], strides: [4, 1] } }"#
)
}
#[test]
fn test_debug_clipped() {
let x = Tensor::from([("rows", 2), ("columns", 3)], (0..6).collect());
let view = TensorView::from(&x)
.range_owned([("columns", IndexRange::new(1, 2))])
.unwrap();
let debugged = format!("{:#?}\n{:#?}", x, view);
println!("{:#?}\n{:#?}", x, view);
assert_eq!(
debugged,
r#"Tensor {
data: [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
],
shape: [
(
"rows",
2,
),
(
"columns",
3,
),
],
strides: [
3,
1,
],
}
TensorView {
visible: [
1,
2,
4,
5,
],
shape: [
(
"rows",
2,
),
(
"columns",
2,
),
],
source: TensorRange {
source: Tensor {
data: [
0,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
],
shape: [
(
"rows",
2,
),
(
"columns",
3,
),
],
strides: [
3,
1,
],
},
range: [
IndexRange {
start: 0,
length: 2,
},
IndexRange {
start: 1,
length: 2,
},
],
_type: PhantomData<i32>,
},
}"#
)
}
/**
* Any tensor view of a Displayable type implements Display
*
* You can control the precision of the formatting using format arguments, i.e.
* `format!("{:.3}", tensor)`
*/
impl<T: std::fmt::Display, S, const D: usize> std::fmt::Display for TensorView<T, S, D>
where
T: std::fmt::Display,
S: TensorRef<T, D>,
{
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
crate::tensors::display::format_view(&self.source, f)
}
}
/**
* A Tensor can be converted to a TensorView of that Tensor.
*/
impl<T, const D: usize> From<Tensor<T, D>> for TensorView<T, Tensor<T, D>, D> {
fn from(tensor: Tensor<T, D>) -> TensorView<T, Tensor<T, D>, D> {
TensorView::from(tensor)
}
}
/**
* A reference to a Tensor can be converted to a TensorView of that referenced Tensor.
*/
impl<'a, T, const D: usize> From<&'a Tensor<T, D>> for TensorView<T, &'a Tensor<T, D>, D> {
fn from(tensor: &Tensor<T, D>) -> TensorView<T, &Tensor<T, D>, D> {
TensorView::from(tensor)
}
}
/**
* A mutable reference to a Tensor can be converted to a TensorView of that mutably referenced
* Tensor.
*/
impl<'a, T, const D: usize> From<&'a mut Tensor<T, D>> for TensorView<T, &'a mut Tensor<T, D>, D> {
fn from(tensor: &mut Tensor<T, D>) -> TensorView<T, &mut Tensor<T, D>, D> {
TensorView::from(tensor)
}
}
/**
* A reference to a TensorView can be converted to an owned TensorView with a reference to the
* source type of that first TensorView.
*/
impl<'a, T, S, const D: usize> From<&'a TensorView<T, S, D>> for TensorView<T, &'a S, D>
where
S: TensorRef<T, D>,
{
fn from(tensor_view: &TensorView<T, S, D>) -> TensorView<T, &S, D> {
TensorView::from(tensor_view.source_ref())
}
}
/**
* A mutable reference to a TensorView can be converted to an owned TensorView with a mutable
* reference to the source type of that first TensorView.
*/
impl<'a, T, S, const D: usize> From<&'a mut TensorView<T, S, D>> for TensorView<T, &'a mut S, D>
where
S: TensorRef<T, D>,
{
fn from(tensor_view: &mut TensorView<T, S, D>) -> TensorView<T, &mut S, D> {
TensorView::from(tensor_view.source_ref_mut())
}
}