Crate const_format[][src]

Expand description

Compile-time string formatting.

This crate provides types and macros for formatting strings at compile-time.

Rust versions

There are some features that require Rust 1.46.0, some that require Rust 1.51.0, and others that require Rust nightly, the sections below describe the features that are available for each version.

Rust 1.46.0

These macros are the only things available in Rust 1.46.0:

  • concatcp: Concatenates integers, bool, and &str constants into a &'static str constant.

  • formatcp: format-like formatting which takes integers, bool, and &str constants, and emits a &'static str constant.

  • str_get: Indexes a &'static str constant, returning None when the index is out of bounds.

  • str_index: Indexes a &'static str constant.

  • str_repeat: Creates a &'static str by repeating a &'static str constant times times.

  • str_splice: Replaces a substring in a &’static str constant.

Rust 1.51.0

By enabling the “const_generics” feature, you can use these macros:

  • map_ascii_case: Converts a &'static str constant to a different casing style, determined by a Case argument.

  • str_replace: Replaces all the instances of a pattern in a &'static str constant with another &'static str constant.

Rust nightly

By enabling the “fmt” feature, you can use a std::fmt-like API.

This requires the nightly compiler because it uses mutable references in const fn, which have not been stabilized as of writing these docs.

All the other features of this crate are implemented on top of the const_format::fmt API:

  • concatc: Concatenates many standard library and user defined types into a &'static str constant.

  • formatc: format-like macro that can format many standard library and user defined types into a &'static str constant.

  • writec: write-like macro that can format many standard library and user defined types into a type that implements WriteMarker.

The “derive” feature enables the ConstDebug macro, and the “fmt” feature.
ConstDebug derives the FormatMarker trait, and implements an inherent const_debug_fmt method for compile-time debug formatting.

The “assert” feature enables the assertc, assertc_eq, assertc_ne macros, and the “fmt” feature.
These macros are like the standard library assert macros, but evaluated at compile-time.

Examples

Concatenation of primitive types

This example works in Rust 1.46.0.

use const_format::concatcp;

const NAME: &str = "Bob";
const FOO: &str = concatcp!(NAME, ", age ", 21u8,"!");

assert_eq!(FOO, "Bob, age 21!");

Formatting primitive types

This example works in Rust 1.46.0.

use const_format::formatcp;

const NAME: &str = "John";

const FOO: &str = formatcp!("{NAME}, age {}!", compute_age(NAME));

assert_eq!(FOO, "John, age 24!");

Formatting custom types

This example demonstrates how you can use the ConstDebug derive macro, and then format the type into a &'static str constant.

This example requires Rust nightly, and the “derive” feature.

#![feature(const_mut_refs)]

use const_format::{ConstDebug, formatc};

#[derive(ConstDebug)]
struct Message{
    ip: [Octet; 4],
    value: &'static str,
}

#[derive(ConstDebug)]
struct Octet(u8);

const MSG: Message = Message{
    ip: [Octet(127), Octet(0), Octet(0), Octet(1)],
    value: "Hello, World!",
};

const FOO: &str = formatc!("{:?}", MSG);

assert_eq!(
    FOO,
    "Message { ip: [Octet(127), Octet(0), Octet(0), Octet(1)], value: \"Hello, World!\" }"
);

Formatted const panics

This example demonstrates how you can use the assertc_ne macro to do compile-time inequality assertions with formatted error messages.

This requires the “assert” feature,because as of writing these docs (2020-09-XX), panicking at compile-time requires a nightly feature.

#![feature(const_mut_refs)]

use const_format::{StrWriter, assertc_ne, strwriter_as_str, writec};
use const_format::utils::str_eq;

macro_rules! check_valid_pizza{
    ($user:expr, $topping:expr) => {
        assertc_ne!(
            $topping,
            "pineapple",
            "You can't put pineapple on pizza, {}",
            $user,
        );
    }
}

check_valid_pizza!("John", "salami");
check_valid_pizza!("Dave", "sausage");
check_valid_pizza!("Bob", "pineapple");

This is the compiler output, the first compilation error is there to have an indicator of what assertion failed, and the second is the assertion failure:

error: any use of this value will cause an error
  --> src/lib.rs:140:1
   |
22 | check_valid_pizza!("Bob", "pineapple");
   | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ exceeded interpreter step limit (see `#[const_eval_limit]`)
   |
   = note: `#[deny(const_err)]` on by default
   = note: this error originates in a macro (in Nightly builds, run with -Z macro-backtrace for more info)

error[E0080]: could not evaluate constant
  --> /const_format/src/panicking.rs:32:5
   |
32 |     .
   |     ^ the evaluated program panicked at '
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
module_path: rust_out
line: 22

assertion failed: LEFT != RIGHT

 left: "pineapple"
right: "pineapple"

You can't put pineapple on pizza, Bob
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
', /const_format/src/panicking.rs:31:1
   |
   = note: this error originates in a macro (in Nightly builds, run with -Z macro-backtrace for more info)

error: aborting due to 2 previous errors

Limitations

All of the macros from const_format have these limitations:

  • The formatting macros that expand to &'static strs can only use constants from concrete types, so while a Type::<u8>::FOO argument would be fine, Type::<T>::FOO would not be (T being a type parameter).

  • Integer arguments must have a type inferrable from context, more details in the Integer arguments section.

  • They cannot be used places that take string literals. So #[doc = "foobar"] cannot be replaced with #[doc = concatcp!("foo", "bar") ].

Integer arguments

Integer arguments must have a type inferrable from context. so if you only pass an integer literal it must have a suffix.

Example of what does compile:

const N: u32 = 1;
assert_eq!(const_format::concatcp!(N + 1, 2 + N), "23");

assert_eq!(const_format::concatcp!(2u32, 2 + 1u8, 3u8 + 1), "234");

Example of what does not compile:

assert_eq!(const_format::concatcp!(1 + 1, 2 + 1), "23");

Renaming crate

All function-like macros from const_format can be used when the crate is renamed.

The ConstDebug derive macro has the #[cdeb(crate = "foo::bar")] attribute to tell it where to find the const_format crate.

Example of renaming the const_format crate in the Cargo.toml file:

cfmt = {version = "0.*", package = "const_format"}

Cargo features

  • “fmt”: Enables the std::fmt-like API, requires Rust nightly because it uses mutable references in const fn.
    This feature includes the formatc/writec formatting macros.

  • “derive”: implies the “fmt” feature, provides the ConstDebug derive macro to format user-defined types at compile-time.
    This implicitly uses the syn crate, so clean compiles take a bit longer than without the feature.

  • “assert”: implies the “fmt” feature, enables the assertion macros.
    This is a separate cargo feature because it uses nightly Rust features that are less stable than the “fmt” feature does.

  • “constant_time_as_str”: implies the “fmt” feature. An optimization that requires a few additional nightly features, allowing the as_bytes_alt methods and slice_up_to_len_alt methods to run in constant time, rather than linear time proportional to the truncated part of the slice.

  • “const_generics”: Requires Rust 1.51.0. Enables the macros listed in the Rust 1.51.0 section. Also changes the the implementation of the concatcp and formatcp macros to use const generics.

No-std support

const_format is unconditionally #![no_std], it can be used anywhere Rust can be used.

Minimum Supported Rust Version

const_format requires Rust 1.46.0, because it uses looping an branching in const contexts.

Features that require newer versions of Rust, or the nightly compiler, need to be explicitly enabled with cargo features.

Re-exports

pub use crate::fmt::Error;
pub use crate::fmt::Formatter;
pub use crate::fmt::FormattingFlags;
pub use crate::fmt::Result;
pub use crate::fmt::StrWriter;
pub use crate::fmt::StrWriterMut;

Modules

fmtfmt

std::fmt-like api that can be used at compile-time.

Types for the documentation examples.

Marker traits for types that can be formatted and/or be written to.

Miscelaneous functions.

Some wrapper types.

Macros

Constructs an AsciiStr constant from an ascii string,

assertcassert

Compile-time assertions with formatting.

Compile-time equality assertion with formatting.

Compile-time inequality assertion with formatting.

For debug formatting of some specific generic std types, and other types.

Coerces a reference to a type that has a const_*_fmt method.

Concatenates constants of standard library and/or user-defined types into a &'static str.

Concatenates constants of primitive types into a &'static str.

Formats constants of standard library and/or user-defined types into a &'static str.

Formats constants of primitive types into a &'static str

For implementing debug or display formatting “manually”.

map_ascii_caseconst_generics

Converts the casing style of a &'static str constant, ignoring non-ascii unicode characters.

Indexes a &'static str constant, returning None when the index is out of bounds.

Indexes a &'static str constant.

Creates a &'static str by repeating a &'static str constant times times

str_replaceconst_generics

Replaces all the instances of a pattern in a &'static str constant with another &'static str constant.

Replaces a substring in a &'static str constant. Returns both the new resulting &'static str, and the replaced substring.

Converts a &'static StrWriter to a &'static str, in a const/static initializer.

try_fmt

For returning early on an error, otherwise evaluating to ().

Equivalent to Result::unwrap, for use with const_format::Error errors.

Equivalent to Result::unwrap_or_else but allows returning from the enclosing function.

Writes some formatted standard library and/or user-defined types into a buffer.

Structs

An ascii string slice.

Wrapper for many std types, which implements the const_debug_fmt and/or const_display_fmt methods for them.

Wrapper for writing a range of a string slice.

The return value of str_splice

Enums

The casing style of a string.

Derive Macros

Derives const debug formatting for a type.