[−][src]Crate bq24195_i2c
BQ24195 is a single cell charger intended for use in portable devices. The features of the charger are summarized as they pertain to this library below.
Functional Modes
Chip mode is indicated by Fault::WATCHDOG_FAULT, 1 = Default Mode and 0 = Host Mode.
Default Mode
By default, the chip does not require host management and can be used as an autonomous charger. In this case, I2C can be used to just monitor the chip's status.
Host Mode
In host mode,
The chip will transition to host mode upon writing to any chip register, resetting the watchdog timer.
If the watchdog timer set in ChargeTerminationTimerControl::WATCHDOG[1:0] (default 40s) expires, the chip transitions back to default mode.
To stay in host mode, either write 1 twice to PowerOnConfiguration::I2C_WATCHDOG_TIMER_RESET to reset the timer before it expires,
or disable the timer entirely by setting ChargeTerminationTimerControl::WATCHDOG[1:0] to 00.
BATFET
The battery field-effect transistor (BATFET) is used to control the flow of current to the battery.
You can manually disable it by writing 1 to MiscOperationControl::BATFET_DISABLE. This disconnects the battery, disabling both charging and discharging.
Power Path Management
Dynamic Power Management ensures compliance with the USB specification. It continuously monitors the input current and input voltage to maintain nominal system performance.
Overloaded input source
If input current exceeds InputSourceControl::IINLIM[2:0] or input voltage falls below 3.88V + InputSourceControl::VINDPM[3:0],
then the input source is considered overloaded. SystemStatus::DPM_STATUS will indicate these conditions.
DPM will reduce charge current until it is no longer overloaded.
For example, the default input voltage limit offset is set to 480 mV (3.88V + 480mV = 4.36V), which is the correct voltage for fully charging a Lithium-Ion cell.
Supplement mode
If the input source is still overloaded when the charge current is dropped to 0A, the chip enters supplement mode; the BATFET is turned on and the battery begins discharging to supplement the input source.
Battery Charging Management
BQ24195 is designed to charge a single-cell Li-Ion high capacity battery (i.e. 18650).
Although the default current limit InputSourceControl::IINLIM[2:0] is listed as 100 mA, the actual default value will depend on USB detection.
USB D+/D- Detection
The charger detects the type of USB connection and sets the input current limit to comply with the USB specification:
- Floating data lines after 500ms: 100mA (IINLIM[2:0] = 000)
- Standard Down Stream Port (SDP) (connected to USB Host)
- OTG pin = 0 : 100 mA (IINLIM[2:0] = 000)
- OTG pin = 1 : 500 mA (IINLIM[2:0] = 010)
- Charging Down Stream Port or Dedicated Charging Down Stream Port (CDP/DCP): 1.5A (IINLIM[2:0] = 101)
HIZ
When the chip is in high-impedance (HIZ) the buck converter is disabled and the system load is supplied by the battery. To comply with the USB battery charging specification, the chip enters HIZ if the input source is a 100mA USB host and the battery voltage is above VBATGD (3.55V).
This can be manually controlled via InputSourceControl::EN_HIZ.
ILIM
ILIM is a hardware pin for a limiting maximum input current. It is grounded with a resistor using the following formula: ILIM = 1V / R_ILIM * 530
By changing InputSourceControl::IINLIM[2:0], you can ONLY REDUCE the input current limit below ILIM.
Charging Profile
To safely charge the battery and preserve its lifetime, charging is split into several phases (collectively referred to as the charging profile):
- Almost Empty or Empty Cell: the battery voltage is below the battery short voltage (VBAT_SHORT = 2V) and is charged at 100mA, which cannot be changed
- Lithium-Ion batteries should never be drained below 3V. If they are, battery life is significantly reduced.
- Pre-charge: the battery voltage is 2V to 3V, and current limit is set to 128mA +
PreChargeTerminationCurrentControl::IPRECHG[3:0] - Fast Charge: the battery voltage is above
ChargeVoltageControl::BATLOWV(2.8V/3V), and the current limit is set to 512mA +ChargeCurrentControl::ICHG[5:0] - Constant-Voltage: the battery voltage has reached the recharge threshold voltage (3.504V +
ChargeVoltageControl::VREG[5:0]),and charging current drops rapidly to 128mA +PreChargeTerminationCurrentControl::ITERM[3:0]at which charging is terminated
Battery Temperature
An external thermistor is used to measure battery temperature. The reading must be between VLTF and VHTF, else the chip will suspend charging. The nature of the thermal fault will be indicated in Fault::NTC_FAULT[2:0]
In some cases, there is no therimstor present because the battery is external, in which case the chip may always report a normal battery temperature.
Charging Termination
BQ24195 will terminate charging when the battery voltage has reached the recharge threshold and the current has dropped below the termination threshold. SystemStatus::CHRG_STAT_1 will become 11.
Termination will be disabled if the device is in thermal regulation or input current/voltage regulation. It can also be disabled manually by writing 0 to ChargeTerminationTimerControl::EN_TERM
When ChargeCurrentControl::FORCE_20PCT is set, make sure that the termination current PreChargeTerminationCurrentControl::ITERM[3:0] is less than 20% of the charging current, otherwise charging will not terminate.
Writing 1 to ChargeTerminationTimerControl::TERM_STAT will enable an early charge done indication on the STAT pin when charging current falls below 800 mA.
Safety Timer
A safety timer is used to stop charging if it is taking too long. When connected to a 100mA USB source, it is ALWAYS a maximum of 45 minutes. Otherwise, in device mode, it is 5 hours long. In host mode, it is 8 hours long but can be changed.
If battery voltage is below ChargeVoltageControl::BATLOWV, it is 1 hour.
An expired safety timer will appear as Fault::CHRG_FAULT[1:0] equal to 11. The timer can be enabled/disabled by writing to ChargeTerminationTimerControl::EN_TIMER.
Restarting the timer
The timer can be restarted by disabling and then re-enabling it. It is also restarted when PowerOnConfiguration::CHG_CONFIG[1:0] is changed from disabled to any enabled mode.
Changing the timer
To change the timer, the datasheet recommends you first disable it, write the desired value to ChargeTerminationTimerControl::CHG_TIMER[2:1], then re-enable it.
Half clock rate
The safety timer will count at half the normal clock rate when in thermal regulation, input voltage/current regulation, or ChargeCurrentControl::FORCE_20PCT is set.
A 5 hour safety timer would actually be 10 hours long.
Protections
ILIM
Already discussed above.
Battery Over-Current Protection
If the battery voltage is at least 4% above the regulation voltage, charging is immediately disabled and Fault::CHRG_FAULT_1 goes high.
Input Over-Voltage
An input voltage of over 18V for VBUS will stop buck mode operation and Fault::CHRG_FAULT[1:0] will be set to 01.
Structs
Constants
| ADDRESS | I2C Address of BQ24195 |