Crate askama [] [src]

Askama implements a type-safe compiler for Jinja-like templates. It lets you write templates in a Jinja-like syntax, which are linked to a struct defining the template context. This is done using a custom derive implementation (implemented in askama_derive).

Example template

{% extends "layout.html" %}
{% block body %}
  <ul>
    {% for user in users %}
      <li><a href="{{ user.url }}">{{ user.username }}</a></li>
    {% endfor %}
  </ul>
{% endblock %}

Feature highlights

  • Construct templates using a familiar, easy-to-use syntax
  • Fully benefit from the safety provided by Rust's type system
  • Templates do not perform eager conversion to strings or other types
  • Template code is compiled into your crate for optimal performance
  • Templates can directly access your Rust types, according to Rust's privacy rules
  • Debugging features to assist you in template development
  • Included filter functions will provide easy access to common functions
  • Templates must be valid UTF-8 and produce UTF-8 when rendered

Creating Askama templates

An Askama template is just a text file, in the UTF-8 encoding. It can be used to generate any kind of text-based format. You can use whatever extension you like.

A template consists of text contents, which are passed through as-is, expressions, which get replaced with content while being rendered, and tags, which control the template's logic. The template syntax is very similar to Jinja, as well as Jinja-derivatives like Twig or Tera.

Variables

Template variables are defined by the template context linked to the template by deriving a struct's implementation for Template from a template file's contents. You can use a dot (.) to get a variable's attributes. Reading from variables is subject to the usual borrowing policies. For example, {{ name }} will get the name field from the template context, while {{ user.name }} will get the name field of the user field of the template context.

Filters

Values such as those obtained from variables can be post-processed using filters. Filters are applied to values using the pipe symbol (|) and may have optional extra arguments in parentheses. Filters can be chained, in which case the output from one filter is passed to the next.

For example, {{ "{:?}"|format(name|escape) }} will escape HTML characters from the value obtained by accessing the name field, and print the resulting string as a Rust literal.

Consult the filters module documentation for a list of available filters. User-defined filters are currently not supported.

Whitespace control

Askama preserves all whitespace in template code by default, except that final trailing newline characters are suppressed. However, whitespace before and after expression and block delimiters can be suppressed by writing a minus sign directly following a start delimiter or leading into an end delimiter. Askama considers all tabs, spaces, newlines and carriage returns to be whitespace.

Template inheritance

Template inheritance allows you to build a base template with common elements that can then be shared by all inheriting templates. A base template defines blocks that child templates can then override.

Base template

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>{{ block title %}{{ title }}{% endblock %} - My Site</title>
    {% block head %}{% endblock %}
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="content">
      {% block content %}{% endblock %}
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

The block tags define three blocks that can be filled in by child templates. The base template defines a default version of the block.

Child template

Here's an example child template:

{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block title %}Index{% endblock %}

{% block head %}
  <style>
  </style>
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
  <h1>Index</h1>
  <p>Hello, world!</p>
{% endblock %}

The extends tag tells the code generator that this template inherits from another template. It will render the top-level content from the base template, and substitute blocks from the base template with those from the child template. The inheriting template context struct must have a field called _parent of the type used as the base template context. Blocks can only refer to the context of their own template.

HTML escaping

Askama does not yet support automatic escaping. Care must be taken to escape content that may contain HTML control characters. You can use the escape filter (or its e alias) to escape data for use in HTML.

Control structures

For

Loop over each item in an iterator. For example:

<h1>Users</h1>
<ul>
{% for user in users %}
  <li>{{ user.name|e }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>

Inside for-loop blocks, some useful variables are accessible:

  • loop.index: current loop iteration (starting from 1)
  • loop.index0: current loop iteration (starting from 0)

If

The if statement is used as you might expect:

{% if users.len() == 0 %}
  No users
{% else if users.len() == 1 %}
  1 user
{% else %}
  {{ users.len() }} users
{% endif %}

Expressions

Askama supports string literals ("foo") and integer literals (1). It supports almost all binary operators that Rust supports, including arithmetic, comparison and logic operators. The same precedence order as Rust uses is applied. Expressions can be grouped using parentheses.

Reexports

pub use askama_derive::*;

Modules

filters

Module for built-in filter functions

Traits

Template

Main Template trait; implementations are generally derived

Functions

rerun_if_templates_changed

Build script helper to rebuild crates if contained templates have changed