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//! This crate provides a safe and convenient store for one value of each type.
//!
//! Your starting point is [`Map`]. It has an example.
#![warn(missing_docs, unused_results)]
#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
use core::any::{Any, TypeId};
use core::convert::TryInto;
use core::hash::{Hasher, BuildHasherDefault};
use core::marker::PhantomData;
#[cfg(not(any(feature = "std", feature = "hashbrown")))]
compile_error!("anymap: you must enable the 'std' feature or the 'hashbrown' feature");
#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
extern crate alloc;
#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
use alloc::boxed::Box;
use any::{UncheckedAnyExt, IntoBox};
pub use any::CloneAny;
#[cfg(all(feature = "std", not(feature = "hashbrown")))]
/// A re-export of [`std::collections::hash_map`] for raw access.
///
/// If the `hashbrown` feature gets enabled, this will become an export of `hashbrown::hash_map`.
///
/// As with [`RawMap`][crate::RawMap], this is exposed for compatibility reasons, since features
/// are supposed to be additive. This *is* imperfect, since the two modules are incompatible in a
/// few places (e.g. hashbrown’s entry types have an extra generic parameter), but it’s close, and
/// much too useful to give up the whole concept.
pub use std::collections::hash_map as raw_hash_map;
#[cfg(feature = "hashbrown")]
/// A re-export of [`hashbrown::hash_map`] for raw access.
///
/// If the `hashbrown` feature was disabled, this would become an export of
/// `std::collections::hash_map`.
///
/// As with [`RawMap`][crate::RawMap], this is exposed for compatibility reasons, since features
/// are supposed to be additive. This *is* imperfect, since the two modules are incompatible in a
/// few places (e.g. hashbrown’s entry types have an extra generic parameter), but it’s close, and
/// much too useful to give up the whole concept.
pub use hashbrown::hash_map as raw_hash_map;
use self::raw_hash_map::HashMap;
mod any;
/// Raw access to the underlying `HashMap`.
///
/// This is a public type alias because the underlying `HashMap` could be
/// `std::collections::HashMap` or `hashbrown::HashMap`, depending on the crate features enabled.
/// For that reason, you should refer to this type as `anymap::RawMap` rather than
/// `std::collections::HashMap` to avoid breakage if something else in your crate tree enables
/// hashbrown.
///
/// See also [`raw_hash_map`], an export of the corresponding `hash_map` module.
pub type RawMap<A> = HashMap<TypeId, Box<A>, BuildHasherDefault<TypeIdHasher>>;
/// A collection containing zero or one values for any given type and allowing convenient,
/// type-safe access to those values.
///
/// The type parameter `A` allows you to use a different value type; normally you will want it to
/// be `core::any::Any` (also known as `std::any::Any`), but there are other choices:
///
/// - If you want the entire map to be cloneable, use `CloneAny` instead of `Any`; with that, you
/// can only add types that implement `Clone` to the map.
/// - You can add on `+ Send` or `+ Send + Sync` (e.g. `Map<dyn Any + Send>`) to add those auto
/// traits.
///
/// Cumulatively, there are thus six forms of map:
///
/// - <code>[Map]<dyn [core::any::Any]></code>, also spelled [`AnyMap`] for convenience.
/// - <code>[Map]<dyn [core::any::Any] + Send></code>
/// - <code>[Map]<dyn [core::any::Any] + Send + Sync></code>
/// - <code>[Map]<dyn [CloneAny]></code>
/// - <code>[Map]<dyn [CloneAny] + Send></code>
/// - <code>[Map]<dyn [CloneAny] + Send + Sync></code>
///
/// ## Example
///
/// (Here using the [`AnyMap`] convenience alias; the first line could use
/// <code>[anymap::Map][Map]::<[core::any::Any]>::new()</code> instead if desired.)
///
/// ```rust
/// let mut data = anymap::AnyMap::new();
/// assert_eq!(data.get(), None::<&i32>);
/// data.insert(42i32);
/// assert_eq!(data.get(), Some(&42i32));
/// data.remove::<i32>();
/// assert_eq!(data.get::<i32>(), None);
///
/// #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
/// struct Foo {
/// str: String,
/// }
///
/// assert_eq!(data.get::<Foo>(), None);
/// data.insert(Foo { str: format!("foo") });
/// assert_eq!(data.get(), Some(&Foo { str: format!("foo") }));
/// data.get_mut::<Foo>().map(|foo| foo.str.push('t'));
/// assert_eq!(&*data.get::<Foo>().unwrap().str, "foot");
/// ```
///
/// Values containing non-static references are not permitted.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Map<A: ?Sized + UncheckedAnyExt = dyn Any> {
raw: RawMap<A>,
}
// #[derive(Clone)] would want A to implement Clone, but in reality it’s only Box<A> that can.
impl<A: ?Sized + UncheckedAnyExt> Clone for Map<A> where Box<A>: Clone {
#[inline]
fn clone(&self) -> Map<A> {
Map {
raw: self.raw.clone(),
}
}
}
/// The most common type of `Map`: just using `Any`; <code>[Map]<dyn [Any]></code>.
///
/// Why is this a separate type alias rather than a default value for `Map<A>`? `Map::new()`
/// doesn’t seem to be happy to infer that it should go with the default value.
/// It’s a bit sad, really. Ah well, I guess this approach will do.
pub type AnyMap = Map<dyn Any>;
impl<A: ?Sized + UncheckedAnyExt> Default for Map<A> {
#[inline]
fn default() -> Map<A> {
Map::new()
}
}
impl<A: ?Sized + UncheckedAnyExt> Map<A> {
/// Create an empty collection.
#[inline]
pub fn new() -> Map<A> {
Map {
raw: RawMap::with_hasher(Default::default()),
}
}
/// Creates an empty collection with the given initial capacity.
#[inline]
pub fn with_capacity(capacity: usize) -> Map<A> {
Map {
raw: RawMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(capacity, Default::default()),
}
}
/// Returns the number of elements the collection can hold without reallocating.
#[inline]
pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize {
self.raw.capacity()
}
/// Reserves capacity for at least `additional` more elements to be inserted
/// in the collection. The collection may reserve more space to avoid
/// frequent reallocations.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the new allocation size overflows `usize`.
#[inline]
pub fn reserve(&mut self, additional: usize) {
self.raw.reserve(additional)
}
/// Shrinks the capacity of the collection as much as possible. It will drop
/// down as much as possible while maintaining the internal rules
/// and possibly leaving some space in accordance with the resize policy.
#[inline]
pub fn shrink_to_fit(&mut self) {
self.raw.shrink_to_fit()
}
// Additional stable methods (as of 1.60.0-nightly) that could be added:
// try_reserve(&mut self, additional: usize) -> Result<(), TryReserveError> (1.57.0)
// shrink_to(&mut self, min_capacity: usize) (1.56.0)
/// Returns the number of items in the collection.
#[inline]
pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
self.raw.len()
}
/// Returns true if there are no items in the collection.
#[inline]
pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
self.raw.is_empty()
}
/// Removes all items from the collection. Keeps the allocated memory for reuse.
#[inline]
pub fn clear(&mut self) {
self.raw.clear()
}
/// Returns a reference to the value stored in the collection for the type `T`, if it exists.
#[inline]
pub fn get<T: IntoBox<A>>(&self) -> Option<&T> {
self.raw.get(&TypeId::of::<T>())
.map(|any| unsafe { any.downcast_ref_unchecked::<T>() })
}
/// Returns a mutable reference to the value stored in the collection for the type `T`,
/// if it exists.
#[inline]
pub fn get_mut<T: IntoBox<A>>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T> {
self.raw.get_mut(&TypeId::of::<T>())
.map(|any| unsafe { any.downcast_mut_unchecked::<T>() })
}
/// Sets the value stored in the collection for the type `T`.
/// If the collection already had a value of type `T`, that value is returned.
/// Otherwise, `None` is returned.
#[inline]
pub fn insert<T: IntoBox<A>>(&mut self, value: T) -> Option<T> {
unsafe {
self.raw.insert(TypeId::of::<T>(), value.into_box())
.map(|any| *any.downcast_unchecked::<T>())
}
}
// rustc 1.60.0-nightly has another method try_insert that would be nice to add when stable.
/// Removes the `T` value from the collection,
/// returning it if there was one or `None` if there was not.
#[inline]
pub fn remove<T: IntoBox<A>>(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
self.raw.remove(&TypeId::of::<T>())
.map(|any| *unsafe { any.downcast_unchecked::<T>() })
}
/// Returns true if the collection contains a value of type `T`.
#[inline]
pub fn contains<T: IntoBox<A>>(&self) -> bool {
self.raw.contains_key(&TypeId::of::<T>())
}
/// Gets the entry for the given type in the collection for in-place manipulation
#[inline]
pub fn entry<T: IntoBox<A>>(&mut self) -> Entry<A, T> {
match self.raw.entry(TypeId::of::<T>()) {
raw_hash_map::Entry::Occupied(e) => Entry::Occupied(OccupiedEntry {
inner: e,
type_: PhantomData,
}),
raw_hash_map::Entry::Vacant(e) => Entry::Vacant(VacantEntry {
inner: e,
type_: PhantomData,
}),
}
}
/// Get access to the raw hash map that backs this.
///
/// This will seldom be useful, but it’s conceivable that you could wish to iterate over all
/// the items in the collection, and this lets you do that.
///
/// To improve compatibility with Cargo features, interact with this map through the names
/// [`anymap::RawMap`][RawMap] and [`anymap::raw_hash_map`][raw_hash_map], rather than through
/// `std::collections::{HashMap, hash_map}` or `hashbrown::{HashMap, hash_map}`, for anything
/// beyond self methods. Otherwise, if you use std and another crate in the tree enables
/// hashbrown, your code will break.
#[inline]
pub fn as_raw(&self) -> &RawMap<A> {
&self.raw
}
/// Get mutable access to the raw hash map that backs this.
///
/// This will seldom be useful, but it’s conceivable that you could wish to iterate over all
/// the items in the collection mutably, or drain or something, or *possibly* even batch
/// insert, and this lets you do that.
///
/// To improve compatibility with Cargo features, interact with this map through the names
/// [`anymap::RawMap`][RawMap] and [`anymap::raw_hash_map`][raw_hash_map], rather than through
/// `std::collections::{HashMap, hash_map}` or `hashbrown::{HashMap, hash_map}`, for anything
/// beyond self methods. Otherwise, if you use std and another crate in the tree enables
/// hashbrown, your code will break.
///
/// # Safety
///
/// If you insert any values to the raw map, the key (a `TypeId`) must match the value’s type,
/// or *undefined behaviour* will occur when you access those values.
///
/// (*Removing* entries is perfectly safe.)
#[inline]
pub unsafe fn as_raw_mut(&mut self) -> &mut RawMap<A> {
&mut self.raw
}
/// Convert this into the raw hash map that backs this.
///
/// This will seldom be useful, but it’s conceivable that you could wish to consume all the
/// items in the collection and do *something* with some or all of them, and this lets you do
/// that, without the `unsafe` that `.as_raw_mut().drain()` would require.
///
/// To improve compatibility with Cargo features, interact with this map through the names
/// [`anymap::RawMap`][RawMap] and [`anymap::raw_hash_map`][raw_hash_map], rather than through
/// `std::collections::{HashMap, hash_map}` or `hashbrown::{HashMap, hash_map}`, for anything
/// beyond self methods. Otherwise, if you use std and another crate in the tree enables
/// hashbrown, your code will break.
#[inline]
pub fn into_raw(self) -> RawMap<A> {
self.raw
}
/// Construct a map from a collection of raw values.
///
/// You know what? I can’t immediately think of any legitimate use for this, especially because
/// of the requirement of the `BuildHasherDefault<TypeIdHasher>` generic in the map.
///
/// Perhaps this will be most practical as `unsafe { Map::from_raw(iter.collect()) }`, iter
/// being an iterator over `(TypeId, Box<A>)` pairs. Eh, this method provides symmetry with
/// `into_raw`, so I don’t care if literally no one ever uses it. I’m not even going to write a
/// test for it, it’s so trivial.
///
/// To improve compatibility with Cargo features, interact with this map through the names
/// [`anymap::RawMap`][RawMap] and [`anymap::raw_hash_map`][raw_hash_map], rather than through
/// `std::collections::{HashMap, hash_map}` or `hashbrown::{HashMap, hash_map}`, for anything
/// beyond self methods. Otherwise, if you use std and another crate in the tree enables
/// hashbrown, your code will break.
///
/// # Safety
///
/// For all entries in the raw map, the key (a `TypeId`) must match the value’s type,
/// or *undefined behaviour* will occur when you access that entry.
#[inline]
pub unsafe fn from_raw(raw: RawMap<A>) -> Map<A> {
Self { raw }
}
}
impl<A: ?Sized + UncheckedAnyExt> Extend<Box<A>> for Map<A> {
#[inline]
fn extend<T: IntoIterator<Item = Box<A>>>(&mut self, iter: T) {
for item in iter {
let _ = self.raw.insert(item.type_id(), item);
}
}
}
/// A view into a single occupied location in an `Map`.
pub struct OccupiedEntry<'a, A: ?Sized + UncheckedAnyExt, V: 'a> {
#[cfg(all(feature = "std", not(feature = "hashbrown")))]
inner: raw_hash_map::OccupiedEntry<'a, TypeId, Box<A>>,
#[cfg(feature = "hashbrown")]
inner: raw_hash_map::OccupiedEntry<'a, TypeId, Box<A>, BuildHasherDefault<TypeIdHasher>>,
type_: PhantomData<V>,
}
/// A view into a single empty location in an `Map`.
pub struct VacantEntry<'a, A: ?Sized + UncheckedAnyExt, V: 'a> {
#[cfg(all(feature = "std", not(feature = "hashbrown")))]
inner: raw_hash_map::VacantEntry<'a, TypeId, Box<A>>,
#[cfg(feature = "hashbrown")]
inner: raw_hash_map::VacantEntry<'a, TypeId, Box<A>, BuildHasherDefault<TypeIdHasher>>,
type_: PhantomData<V>,
}
/// A view into a single location in an `Map`, which may be vacant or occupied.
pub enum Entry<'a, A: ?Sized + UncheckedAnyExt, V: 'a> {
/// An occupied Entry
Occupied(OccupiedEntry<'a, A, V>),
/// A vacant Entry
Vacant(VacantEntry<'a, A, V>),
}
impl<'a, A: ?Sized + UncheckedAnyExt, V: IntoBox<A>> Entry<'a, A, V> {
/// Ensures a value is in the entry by inserting the default if empty, and returns
/// a mutable reference to the value in the entry.
#[inline]
pub fn or_insert(self, default: V) -> &'a mut V {
match self {
Entry::Occupied(inner) => inner.into_mut(),
Entry::Vacant(inner) => inner.insert(default),
}
}
/// Ensures a value is in the entry by inserting the result of the default function if empty,
/// and returns a mutable reference to the value in the entry.
#[inline]
pub fn or_insert_with<F: FnOnce() -> V>(self, default: F) -> &'a mut V {
match self {
Entry::Occupied(inner) => inner.into_mut(),
Entry::Vacant(inner) => inner.insert(default()),
}
}
/// Ensures a value is in the entry by inserting the default value if empty,
/// and returns a mutable reference to the value in the entry.
#[inline]
pub fn or_default(self) -> &'a mut V where V: Default {
match self {
Entry::Occupied(inner) => inner.into_mut(),
Entry::Vacant(inner) => inner.insert(Default::default()),
}
}
/// Provides in-place mutable access to an occupied entry before any potential inserts into the
/// map.
#[inline]
// std::collections::hash_map::Entry::and_modify doesn’t have #[must_use], I’ll follow suit.
#[allow(clippy::return_self_not_must_use)]
pub fn and_modify<F: FnOnce(&mut V)>(self, f: F) -> Self {
match self {
Entry::Occupied(mut inner) => {
f(inner.get_mut());
Entry::Occupied(inner)
},
Entry::Vacant(inner) => Entry::Vacant(inner),
}
}
// Additional stable methods (as of 1.60.0-nightly) that could be added:
// insert_entry(self, value: V) -> OccupiedEntry<'a, K, V> (1.59.0)
}
impl<'a, A: ?Sized + UncheckedAnyExt, V: IntoBox<A>> OccupiedEntry<'a, A, V> {
/// Gets a reference to the value in the entry
#[inline]
pub fn get(&self) -> &V {
unsafe { self.inner.get().downcast_ref_unchecked() }
}
/// Gets a mutable reference to the value in the entry
#[inline]
pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut V {
unsafe { self.inner.get_mut().downcast_mut_unchecked() }
}
/// Converts the OccupiedEntry into a mutable reference to the value in the entry
/// with a lifetime bound to the collection itself
#[inline]
pub fn into_mut(self) -> &'a mut V {
unsafe { self.inner.into_mut().downcast_mut_unchecked() }
}
/// Sets the value of the entry, and returns the entry's old value
#[inline]
pub fn insert(&mut self, value: V) -> V {
unsafe { *self.inner.insert(value.into_box()).downcast_unchecked() }
}
/// Takes the value out of the entry, and returns it
#[inline]
pub fn remove(self) -> V {
unsafe { *self.inner.remove().downcast_unchecked() }
}
}
impl<'a, A: ?Sized + UncheckedAnyExt, V: IntoBox<A>> VacantEntry<'a, A, V> {
/// Sets the value of the entry with the VacantEntry's key,
/// and returns a mutable reference to it
#[inline]
pub fn insert(self, value: V) -> &'a mut V {
unsafe { self.inner.insert(value.into_box()).downcast_mut_unchecked() }
}
}
/// A hasher designed to eke a little more speed out, given `TypeId`’s known characteristics.
///
/// Specifically, this is a no-op hasher that expects to be fed a u64’s worth of
/// randomly-distributed bits. It works well for `TypeId` (eliminating start-up time, so that my
/// get_missing benchmark is ~30ns rather than ~900ns, and being a good deal faster after that, so
/// that my insert_and_get_on_260_types benchmark is ~12μs instead of ~21.5μs), but will
/// panic in debug mode and always emit zeros in release mode for any other sorts of inputs, so
/// yeah, don’t use it! 😀
#[derive(Default)]
pub struct TypeIdHasher {
value: u64,
}
impl Hasher for TypeIdHasher {
#[inline]
fn write(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]) {
// This expects to receive exactly one 64-bit value, and there’s no realistic chance of
// that changing, but I don’t want to depend on something that isn’t expressly part of the
// contract for safety. But I’m OK with release builds putting everything in one bucket
// if it *did* change (and debug builds panicking).
debug_assert_eq!(bytes.len(), 8);
let _ = bytes.try_into()
.map(|array| self.value = u64::from_ne_bytes(array));
}
#[inline]
fn finish(&self) -> u64 { self.value }
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)] struct A(i32);
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)] struct B(i32);
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)] struct C(i32);
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)] struct D(i32);
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)] struct E(i32);
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)] struct F(i32);
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)] struct J(i32);
macro_rules! test_entry {
($name:ident, $init:ty) => {
#[test]
fn $name() {
let mut map = <$init>::new();
assert_eq!(map.insert(A(10)), None);
assert_eq!(map.insert(B(20)), None);
assert_eq!(map.insert(C(30)), None);
assert_eq!(map.insert(D(40)), None);
assert_eq!(map.insert(E(50)), None);
assert_eq!(map.insert(F(60)), None);
// Existing key (insert)
match map.entry::<A>() {
Entry::Vacant(_) => unreachable!(),
Entry::Occupied(mut view) => {
assert_eq!(view.get(), &A(10));
assert_eq!(view.insert(A(100)), A(10));
}
}
assert_eq!(map.get::<A>().unwrap(), &A(100));
assert_eq!(map.len(), 6);
// Existing key (update)
match map.entry::<B>() {
Entry::Vacant(_) => unreachable!(),
Entry::Occupied(mut view) => {
let v = view.get_mut();
let new_v = B(v.0 * 10);
*v = new_v;
}
}
assert_eq!(map.get::<B>().unwrap(), &B(200));
assert_eq!(map.len(), 6);
// Existing key (remove)
match map.entry::<C>() {
Entry::Vacant(_) => unreachable!(),
Entry::Occupied(view) => {
assert_eq!(view.remove(), C(30));
}
}
assert_eq!(map.get::<C>(), None);
assert_eq!(map.len(), 5);
// Inexistent key (insert)
match map.entry::<J>() {
Entry::Occupied(_) => unreachable!(),
Entry::Vacant(view) => {
assert_eq!(*view.insert(J(1000)), J(1000));
}
}
assert_eq!(map.get::<J>().unwrap(), &J(1000));
assert_eq!(map.len(), 6);
// Entry.or_insert on existing key
map.entry::<B>().or_insert(B(71)).0 += 1;
assert_eq!(map.get::<B>().unwrap(), &B(201));
assert_eq!(map.len(), 6);
// Entry.or_insert on nonexisting key
map.entry::<C>().or_insert(C(300)).0 += 1;
assert_eq!(map.get::<C>().unwrap(), &C(301));
assert_eq!(map.len(), 7);
}
}
}
test_entry!(test_entry_any, AnyMap);
test_entry!(test_entry_cloneany, Map<dyn CloneAny>);
#[test]
fn test_default() {
let map: AnyMap = Default::default();
assert_eq!(map.len(), 0);
}
#[test]
fn test_clone() {
let mut map: Map<dyn CloneAny> = Map::new();
let _ = map.insert(A(1));
let _ = map.insert(B(2));
let _ = map.insert(D(3));
let _ = map.insert(E(4));
let _ = map.insert(F(5));
let _ = map.insert(J(6));
let map2 = map.clone();
assert_eq!(map2.len(), 6);
assert_eq!(map2.get::<A>(), Some(&A(1)));
assert_eq!(map2.get::<B>(), Some(&B(2)));
assert_eq!(map2.get::<C>(), None);
assert_eq!(map2.get::<D>(), Some(&D(3)));
assert_eq!(map2.get::<E>(), Some(&E(4)));
assert_eq!(map2.get::<F>(), Some(&F(5)));
assert_eq!(map2.get::<J>(), Some(&J(6)));
}
#[test]
fn test_varieties() {
fn assert_send<T: Send>() { }
fn assert_sync<T: Sync>() { }
fn assert_clone<T: Clone>() { }
fn assert_debug<T: ::core::fmt::Debug>() { }
assert_send::<Map<dyn Any + Send>>();
assert_send::<Map<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>();
assert_sync::<Map<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>();
assert_debug::<Map<dyn Any>>();
assert_debug::<Map<dyn Any + Send>>();
assert_debug::<Map<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>();
assert_send::<Map<dyn CloneAny + Send>>();
assert_send::<Map<dyn CloneAny + Send + Sync>>();
assert_sync::<Map<dyn CloneAny + Send + Sync>>();
assert_clone::<Map<dyn CloneAny + Send>>();
assert_clone::<Map<dyn CloneAny + Send + Sync>>();
assert_clone::<Map<dyn CloneAny + Send + Sync>>();
assert_debug::<Map<dyn CloneAny>>();
assert_debug::<Map<dyn CloneAny + Send>>();
assert_debug::<Map<dyn CloneAny + Send + Sync>>();
}
#[test]
fn type_id_hasher() {
#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
use alloc::vec::Vec;
use core::hash::Hash;
fn verify_hashing_with(type_id: TypeId) {
let mut hasher = TypeIdHasher::default();
type_id.hash(&mut hasher);
// SAFETY: u64 is valid for all bit patterns.
assert_eq!(hasher.finish(), unsafe { core::mem::transmute::<TypeId, u64>(type_id) });
}
// Pick a variety of types, just to demonstrate it’s all sane. Normal, zero-sized, unsized, &c.
verify_hashing_with(TypeId::of::<usize>());
verify_hashing_with(TypeId::of::<()>());
verify_hashing_with(TypeId::of::<str>());
verify_hashing_with(TypeId::of::<&str>());
verify_hashing_with(TypeId::of::<Vec<u8>>());
}
}