Struct abi_stable::erased_types::dyn_trait::DynTrait

#[repr(C)]
pub struct DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV = ()> where
    P: GetPointerKind,  { /* fields omitted */ }

DynTrait implements ffi-safe trait objects,for a selection of traits.

Passing opaque values around with DynTrait<_>

One can pass non-StableAbi types around by using type erasure,using this type.

It generally looks like DynTrait<'borrow,Pointer<()>,Interface>,where:

• 'borrow is the borrow that the type that was erased had.

• Pointer implements std::ops::Deref.

• Interface is an InterfaceType,which describes what traits are required when constructing the DynTrait<_> and which ones it implements.

trait InterfaceType allows describing which traits are required when constructing a DynTrait<_>,and which ones it implements.

Construction

To construct a DynTrait<_> one can use these associated functions:

• from_value: Can be constructed from the value directly. Requires a value that implements ImplType.

• from_ptr: Can be constructed from a pointer of a value. Requires a value that implements ImplType.

• from_any_value: Can be constructed from the value directly.Requires a 'static value.

• from_any_ptr Can be constructed from a pointer of a value.Requires a 'static value.

• from_borrowing_value: Can be constructed from the value directly.Cannot unerase the DynTrait afterwards.

• from_borrowing_ptr Can be constructed from a pointer of a value.Cannot unerase the DynTrait afterwards.

DynTrait uses the impls of the value in methods, which means that the pointer itself does not have to implement those traits,

Trait object

DynTrait<'borrow,Pointer<()>,Interface> can be used as a trait object for any combination of the traits listed bellow.

These are the traits:

• Send

• Sync

• Iterator

• DoubleEndedIterator

• std::fmt::Write

• std::io::Write

• std::io::Seek

• std::io::Read

• std::io::BufRead

• Clone

• Display

• Debug

• std::error::Error

• Default: Can be called as an inherent method.

• Eq

• PartialEq

• Ord

• PartialOrd

• Hash

• serde::Deserialize: first deserializes from a string,and then calls the objects' Deserialize impl.

• serde::Serialize: first calls the objects' Deserialize impl,then serializes that as a string.

Deconstruction

DynTrait<_> can then be unwrapped into a concrete type, within the same dynamic library/executable that constructed it, using these (fallible) conversion methods:

• into_unerased_impltype: Unwraps into a pointer to T. Where DynTrait<P<()>,Interface>'s Interface must equal <T as ImplType>::Interface

• as_unerased_impltype: Unwraps into a &T. Where DynTrait<P<()>,Interface>'s Interface must equal <T as ImplType>::Interface

• as_unerased_mut_impltype: Unwraps into a &mut T. Where DynTrait<P<()>,Interface>'s Interface must equal <T as ImplType>::Interface

• into_unerased:Unwraps into a pointer to T.Requires T:'static.

• as_unerased:Unwraps into a &T.Requires T:'static.

• as_unerased_mut:Unwraps into a &mut T.Requires T:'static.

DynTrait cannot be converted back if it was created using DynTrait::from_borrowing_*.

Passing DynTrait between dynamic libraries

Passing DynTrait between dynamic libraries (as in between the dynamic libraries directly loaded by the same binary/dynamic library) may cause the program to panic at runtime with an error message stating that the trait is not implemented for the specific interface.

This can only happen if you are passing DynTrait between dynamic libraries, or if DynTrait was instantiated in the parent passed to a child, a DynTrait instantiated in a child dynamic library passed to the parent should not cause a panic,it would be a bug.

        binary
  _________|___________
lib0      lib1      lib2
  |         |         |
lib00    lib10      lib20

In this diagram passing a DynTrait constructed in lib00 to anything other than the binary or lib0 will cause the panic to happen if:

• The InterfaceType requires extra traits in the version of the Interface that lib1 and lib2 know about (that the binary does not require).

• lib1 or lib2 attempt to call methods that require the traits that were added to the InterfaceType,in versions of that interface that only they know about.

serializing/deserializing DynTraits

To be able to serialize and deserialize a DynTrait, the interface it uses must implement SerializeProxyType and DeserializeDyn, and the implementation type must implement SerializeImplType.

For a more realistic example you can look at the "examples/0_modules_and_interface_types" crates in the repository for this crate.

use abi_stable::{
    StableAbi,
    impl_get_type_info,
    sabi_extern_fn,
    erased_types::{
        InterfaceType,DeserializeDyn,SerializeProxyType,ImplType,SerializeImplType,
        TypeInfo,
    },
    external_types::{RawValueRef,RawValueBox},
    prefix_type::PrefixTypeTrait,
    type_level::bools::*,
    DynTrait,
    std_types::{RBox, RStr,RBoxError,RResult,ROk,RErr},
    traits::IntoReprC,
};

use serde::{Deserialize,Serialize};

/// An `InterfaceType` describing which traits are implemented by FooInterfaceBox.
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(StableAbi)]
#[sabi(impl_InterfaceType(Sync,Debug,Clone,Serialize,Deserialize,PartialEq))]
pub struct FooInterface;

/// The state passed to most functions in the TextOpsMod module.
pub type FooInterfaceBox = DynTrait<'static,RBox<()>,FooInterface>;


/// First <ConcreteType as DeserializeImplType>::serialize_impl returns 
/// a RawValueBox containing the serialized data,
/// then the returned RawValueBox is serialized.
impl<'s> SerializeProxyType<'s> for FooInterface{
    type Proxy=RawValueBox;
}


impl<'borr> DeserializeDyn<'borr,FooInterfaceBox> for FooInterface {
    type Proxy = RawValueRef<'borr>;

    fn deserialize_dyn(s: RawValueRef<'borr>) -> Result<FooInterfaceBox, RBoxError> {
        get_module()
            .deserialize_foo()(s.get_rstr())
            .into_result()
    }
}


#[repr(C)]
#[derive(StableAbi)] 
#[sabi(kind(Prefix(prefix_struct="Module")))]
#[sabi(missing_field(panic))]
pub struct ModuleVal{
    #[sabi(last_prefix_field)]
    pub deserialize_foo:extern "C" fn(s:RStr<'_>)->RResult<FooInterfaceBox,RBoxError>,
}




/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////   In implementation crate (the one that gets compiled as a dynamic library)    /////
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


#[derive(Debug,Clone,PartialEq,Serialize,Deserialize)]
pub struct Foo{
    name:String,
}

impl ImplType for Foo {
    type Interface = FooInterface;

    const INFO: &'static TypeInfo=impl_get_type_info! { Foo };
}

impl<'s> SerializeImplType<'s> for Foo {
    type Interface = FooInterface;

    fn serialize_impl(&'s self) -> Result<RawValueBox, RBoxError> {
        match serde_json::to_string(self) {
            Ok(v)=>{
                RawValueBox::try_from_string(v)
                    .map_err(RBoxError::new)
            }
            Err(e)=>Err(RBoxError::new(e)),
        }
    }
}

#[sabi_extern_fn]
pub fn deserialize_foo(s:RStr<'_>)->RResult<FooInterfaceBox,RBoxError>{
    match serde_json::from_str::<Foo>(s.into()) {
        Ok(x) => ROk(DynTrait::from_value(x)),
        Err(e) => RErr(RBoxError::new(e)),
    }
}


let foo=Foo{name:"nope".into()};
let object=DynTrait::from_value(foo.clone());

assert_eq!(
    serde_json::from_str::<FooInterfaceBox>(r##"
        {
            "name":"nope"
        }
    "##).unwrap(),
    object
);

assert_eq!(
    serde_json::to_string(&object).unwrap(),
    r##"{"name":"nope"}"##
);

Examples

In the Readme

The primary example using DynTrait<_> is in the readme.

Readme is in the repository for this crate, crates.io, lib.rs.

Comparing DynTraits

This is only possible if the erased types don't contain borrows, and they are not constructed using DynTrait::from_borrowing_* methods.

DynTraits wrapping different pointer types can be compared with each other, it simply uses the values' implementation of PartialEq.

use abi_stable::{
    DynTrait,
    erased_types::interfaces::PartialEqInterface,
    std_types::RArc,
};

{
    let left:DynTrait<'static,&(),PartialEqInterface>=
        DynTrait::from_any_ptr(&100,PartialEqInterface);
    
    let mut n100=100;
    let right:DynTrait<'static,&mut (),PartialEqInterface>=
        DynTrait::from_any_ptr(&mut n100,PartialEqInterface);

    assert_eq!(left,right);
}
{
    let left=
        DynTrait::from_any_value(200,PartialEqInterface);

    let right=
        DynTrait::from_any_ptr(RArc::new(200),PartialEqInterface);

    assert_eq!(left,right);
}

Writing to a DynTrait

This is an example of using the write!() macro with DynTrait.

use abi_stable::{
    DynTrait,
    erased_types::interfaces::FmtWriteInterface,
};

use std::fmt::Write;

let mut buffer=String::new();

let mut wrapped:DynTrait<'static,&mut (),FmtWriteInterface>=
    DynTrait::from_any_ptr(&mut buffer,FmtWriteInterface);

write!(wrapped,"Foo").unwrap();
write!(wrapped,"Bar").unwrap();
write!(wrapped,"Baz").unwrap();

drop(wrapped);

assert_eq!(&buffer[..],"FooBarBaz");

Iteration

Using DynTrait as an Iterator and DoubleEndedIterator.

use abi_stable::{
    DynTrait,
    erased_types::interfaces::DEIteratorInterface,
};

let mut wrapped=DynTrait::from_any_value(0..=10,DEIteratorInterface::NEW);

assert_eq!(
    wrapped.by_ref().take(5).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
    vec![0,1,2,3,4]
);

assert_eq!(
    wrapped.rev().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
    vec![10,9,8,7,6,5]
);

Making pointers compatible with DynTrait

To make pointers compatible with DynTrait,they must imlement the abi_stable::pointer_trait::{GetPointerKind,Deref,CanTransmuteElement} traits as shown in the example.

GetPointerKind should generally be implemented with type Kind=PK_SmartPointer. The exception is in the case that it is a #[repr(transparent)] wrapper around a & or a &mut, in which case it should implement GetPointerKind<Kind=PK_Reference> or GetPointerKind<Kind=PK_MutReference> respectively.

Example

This is an example of a newtype wrapping an RBox<T>.

    
use abi_stable::DynTrait;

fn main(){
    let lines="line0\nline1\nline2";
    let mut iter=NewtypeBox::new(lines.lines());

    // The type annotation here is just to show the type,it's not necessary.
    let mut wrapper:DynTrait<'_,NewtypeBox<()>,IteratorInterface>=
        DynTrait::from_borrowing_ptr(iter,IteratorInterface);

    // You can clone the DynTrait! 
    let clone=wrapper.clone();

    assert_eq!( wrapper.next(), Some("line0") );
    assert_eq!( wrapper.next(), Some("line1") );
    assert_eq!( wrapper.next(), Some("line2") );
    assert_eq!( wrapper.next(), None );

    assert_eq!(
        clone.rev().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
        vec!["line2","line1","line0"],
    )

}


/////////////////////////////////////////

use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};

use abi_stable::{
    StableAbi,
    InterfaceType,
    std_types::RBox,
    erased_types::IteratorItem,
    pointer_trait::{
        PK_SmartPointer,GetPointerKind,CanTransmuteElement
    },
    type_level::bools::True,
};

#[repr(transparent)]
#[derive(Default,Clone,StableAbi)]
pub struct NewtypeBox<T>{
    box_:RBox<T>,
}

impl<T> NewtypeBox<T>{
    pub fn new(value:T)->Self{
        Self{
            box_:RBox::new(value)
        }
    }
}

impl<T> Deref for NewtypeBox<T>{
    type Target=T;

    fn deref(&self)->&T{
        &*self.box_
    }
}

impl<T> DerefMut for NewtypeBox<T>{
    fn deref_mut(&mut self)->&mut T{
        &mut *self.box_
    }
}

unsafe impl<T> GetPointerKind for NewtypeBox<T>{
    type Kind=PK_SmartPointer;
}

unsafe impl<T,O> CanTransmuteElement<O> for NewtypeBox<T>
where 
    // Using this to ensure that the pointer is safe to wrap,
    // while this is not necessary for `RBox<T>`,
    // it might be for some other pointer type.
    RBox<T>:CanTransmuteElement<O,Kind=Self::Kind>
{
    type TransmutedPtr = NewtypeBox<O>;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////

#[repr(C)]
#[derive(StableAbi)]
#[sabi(impl_InterfaceType(Sync,Send,Iterator,DoubleEndedIterator,Clone,Debug))]
pub struct IteratorInterface;

impl<'a> IteratorItem<'a> for IteratorInterface{
    type Item=&'a str;
}

Methods

impl DynTrait<'static, &'static (), ()>

Important traits for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV>

impl<'borr, P, I, Item, EV> Iterator for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: IteratorItemOrDefault<'borr, Item = Item>,
    I: InterfaceBound<Iterator = Implemented<Iterator>>,
    Item: 'borr,  type Item = Item;impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Read for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoRead = Implemented<IoRead>>, impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Write for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoWrite = Implemented<IoWrite>>, 

pub fn from_value<T>(object: T) -> DynTrait<'static, RBox<()>, T::Interface> where
    T: ImplType,
    T::Interface: InterfaceBound,
    T: GetVtable<'static, T, RBox<()>, RBox<T>, <T as ImplType>::Interface>, 

Constructs the DynTrait<_> from a T:ImplType.

Use this whenever possible instead of from_any_value, because it produces better error messages when unerasing the DynTrait<_>

Important traits for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV>

impl<'borr, P, I, Item, EV> Iterator for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: IteratorItemOrDefault<'borr, Item = Item>,
    I: InterfaceBound<Iterator = Implemented<Iterator>>,
    Item: 'borr,  type Item = Item;impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Read for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoRead = Implemented<IoRead>>, impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Write for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoWrite = Implemented<IoWrite>>, 

pub fn from_ptr<P, T>(
    object: P
) -> DynTrait<'static, P::TransmutedPtr, T::Interface> where
    T: ImplType,
    T::Interface: InterfaceBound,
    T: GetVtable<'static, T, P::TransmutedPtr, P, <T as ImplType>::Interface>,
    P: Deref<Target = T> + CanTransmuteElement<()> + GetPointerKind,
    P::TransmutedPtr: GetPointerKind, 

Constructs the DynTrait<_> from a pointer to a T:ImplType.

Use this whenever possible instead of from_any_ptr, because it produces better error messages when unerasing the DynTrait<_>

Important traits for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV>

impl<'borr, P, I, Item, EV> Iterator for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: IteratorItemOrDefault<'borr, Item = Item>,
    I: InterfaceBound<Iterator = Implemented<Iterator>>,
    Item: 'borr,  type Item = Item;impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Read for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoRead = Implemented<IoRead>>, impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Write for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoWrite = Implemented<IoWrite>>, 

pub fn from_any_value<T, I>(
    object: T,
    interface: I
) -> DynTrait<'static, RBox<()>, I> where
    T: 'static,
    I: InterfaceBound,
    InterfaceFor<T, I, TU_Unerasable>: GetVtable<'static, T, RBox<()>, RBox<T>, I>, 

Constructs the DynTrait<_> from a type that doesn't borrow anything.

Important traits for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV>

impl<'borr, P, I, Item, EV> Iterator for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: IteratorItemOrDefault<'borr, Item = Item>,
    I: InterfaceBound<Iterator = Implemented<Iterator>>,
    Item: 'borr,  type Item = Item;impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Read for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoRead = Implemented<IoRead>>, impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Write for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoWrite = Implemented<IoWrite>>, 

pub fn from_any_ptr<P, T, I>(
    object: P,
    _interface: I
) -> DynTrait<'static, P::TransmutedPtr, I> where
    I: InterfaceBound,
    T: 'static,
    InterfaceFor<T, I, TU_Unerasable>: GetVtable<'static, T, P::TransmutedPtr, P, I>,
    P: Deref<Target = T> + CanTransmuteElement<()> + GetPointerKind,
    P::TransmutedPtr: GetPointerKind, 

Constructs the DynTrait<_> from a pointer to a type that doesn't borrow anything.

Important traits for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV>

impl<'borr, P, I, Item, EV> Iterator for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: IteratorItemOrDefault<'borr, Item = Item>,
    I: InterfaceBound<Iterator = Implemented<Iterator>>,
    Item: 'borr,  type Item = Item;impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Read for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoRead = Implemented<IoRead>>, impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Write for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoWrite = Implemented<IoWrite>>, 

pub fn from_borrowing_value<'borr, T, I>(
    object: T,
    interface: I
) -> DynTrait<'borr, RBox<()>, I> where
    T: 'borr,
    I: InterfaceBound,
    InterfaceFor<T, I, TU_Opaque>: GetVtable<'borr, T, RBox<()>, RBox<T>, I>, 

Constructs the DynTrait<_> from a value with a 'borr borrow.

Cannot unerase the DynTrait afterwards.

Important traits for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV>

impl<'borr, P, I, Item, EV> Iterator for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: IteratorItemOrDefault<'borr, Item = Item>,
    I: InterfaceBound<Iterator = Implemented<Iterator>>,
    Item: 'borr,  type Item = Item;impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Read for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoRead = Implemented<IoRead>>, impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Write for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoWrite = Implemented<IoWrite>>, 

pub fn from_borrowing_ptr<'borr, P, T, I>(
    object: P,
    _interface: I
) -> DynTrait<'borr, P::TransmutedPtr, I> where
    T: 'borr,
    I: InterfaceBound,
    InterfaceFor<T, I, TU_Opaque>: GetVtable<'borr, T, P::TransmutedPtr, P, I>,
    P: Deref<Target = T> + CanTransmuteElement<()> + GetPointerKind,
    P::TransmutedPtr: GetPointerKind, 

Constructs the DynTrait<_> from a pointer to the erased type with a 'borr borrow.

Cannot unerase the DynTrait afterwards.

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: GetPointerKind<Target = ()>, 

Important traits for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV>

impl<'borr, P, I, Item, EV> Iterator for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: IteratorItemOrDefault<'borr, Item = Item>,
    I: InterfaceBound<Iterator = Implemented<Iterator>>,
    Item: 'borr,  type Item = Item;impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Read for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoRead = Implemented<IoRead>>, impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Write for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoWrite = Implemented<IoWrite>>, 

pub fn with_extra_value<OrigPtr, Unerasability>(
    ptr: OrigPtr,
    extra_value: EV
) -> DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    OrigPtr::Target: Sized + 'borr,
    I: InterfaceBound,
    InterfaceFor<OrigPtr::Target, I, Unerasability>: GetVtable<'borr, OrigPtr::Target, P, OrigPtr, I>,
    OrigPtr: CanTransmuteElement<(), TransmutedPtr = P>, 

Constructs an DynTrait from an erased pointer and an extra value.

impl<'borr, 'a, I, EV> DynTrait<'borr, RRef<'a, ()>, I, EV>

pub const fn from_const<T, Unerasability>(
    ptr: &'a T,
    unerasability: Unerasability,
    vtable_for: VTableDT<'borr, T, RRef<'a, ()>, RRef<'a, T>, I, Unerasability>,
    extra_value: EV
) -> Self where
    T: 'borr, 

This function allows constructing a DynTrait in a constant/static.

Parameters

ptr: This is generally constructed with RRef::new(&value) RRef is a reference-like type that can be erased inside a const fn on stable Rust (once it becomes possible to unsafely cast &T to &() inside a const fn, and the minimum Rust version is bumped,this type will be replaced with a reference)

unerasability can be either:

• TU_Unerasable: Which allows the trait object to be unerased,requires that the value implements any.

• TU_Opaque: Which does not allow the trait object to be unerased.

vtable_for: This is constructible with VTableDT::GET. VTableDT wraps the vtable for a DynTrait, while keeping the original type and pointer type that it was constructed for, allowing this function to be safe to call.

extra_value: This is used by #[sabi_trait] trait objects to store their vtable inside DynTrait.

Example

use abi_stable::{
    erased_types::{
        interfaces::DebugDisplayInterface,
        DynTrait,TU_Opaque,VTableDT,
    },
    sabi_types::RRef,
};

static STRING:&str="What the heck";

static DYN:DynTrait<'static,RRef<'static,()>,DebugDisplayInterface,()>=
    DynTrait::from_const(
        &STRING,
        TU_Opaque,
        VTableDT::GET,
        (),
    );

fn main(){
    assert_eq!( format!("{}",DYN), format!("{}",STRING) );
    assert_eq!( format!("{:?}",DYN), format!("{:?}",STRING) );    
}

impl<P, I, EV> DynTrait<'static, P, I, EV> where
    P: GetPointerKind, 

pub fn sabi_is_same_type<Other, I2, EV2>(
    &self,
    other: &DynTrait<'static, Other, I2, EV2>
) -> bool where
    I2: InterfaceBound,
    Other: GetPointerKind, 

Allows checking whether 2 DynTrait<_>s have a value of the same type.

Notes:

• Types from different dynamic libraries/executables are never considered equal.

• DynTraits constructed using DynTrait::from_borrowing_* are never considered to wrap the same type.

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> DynTrait<'borr, P, I, StaticRef<EV>> where
    P: GetPointerKind, 

pub fn sabi_et_vtable(&self) -> StaticRef<EV>

A vtable used by #[sabi_trait] derived trait objects.

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: GetPointerKind, 

pub fn sabi_extra_value(&self) -> &EV

Gets access to the extra value that was stored in this DynTrait in the with_extra_value constructor.

pub fn sabi_object_address(&self) -> usize where
    P: Deref, 

Returns the address of the wrapped object.

pub fn sabi_erased_ref(&self) -> &ErasedObject where
    P: Deref, 

pub fn sabi_erased_mut(&mut self) -> &mut ErasedObject where
    P: DerefMut, 

pub fn sabi_with_value<F, R>(self, f: F) -> R where
    P: OwnedPointer<Target = ()>,
    F: FnOnce(MovePtr<()>) -> R, 

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: GetPointerKind, 

pub fn into_unerased_impltype<T>(
    self
) -> Result<P::TransmutedPtr, UneraseError<Self>> where
    P: CanTransmuteElement<T>,
    P::Target: Sized,
    T: ImplType, 

Unwraps the DynTrait<_> into a pointer of the concrete type that it was constructed with.

T is required to implement ImplType.

Errors

This will return an error in any of these conditions:

• It is called in a dynamic library/binary outside the one from which this DynTrait<_> was constructed.

• The DynTrait was constructed using a from_borrowing_* method

• T is not the concrete type this DynTrait<_> was constructed with.

pub fn as_unerased_impltype<T>(&self) -> Result<&T, UneraseError<&Self>> where
    P: Deref + CanTransmuteElement<T>,
    T: ImplType, 

Unwraps the DynTrait<_> into a reference of the concrete type that it was constructed with.

T is required to implement ImplType.

Errors

This will return an error in any of these conditions:

• It is called in a dynamic library/binary outside the one from which this DynTrait<_> was constructed.

• The DynTrait was constructed using a from_borrowing_* method

• T is not the concrete type this DynTrait<_> was constructed with.

pub fn as_unerased_mut_impltype<T>(
    &mut self
) -> Result<&mut T, UneraseError<&mut Self>> where
    P: DerefMut + CanTransmuteElement<T>,
    T: ImplType, 

Unwraps the DynTrait<_> into a mutable reference of the concrete type that it was constructed with.

T is required to implement ImplType.

Errors

This will return an error in any of these conditions:

• It is called in a dynamic library/binary outside the one from which this DynTrait<_> was constructed.

• The DynTrait was constructed using a from_borrowing_* method

• T is not the concrete type this DynTrait<_> was constructed with.

pub fn into_unerased<T>(self) -> Result<P::TransmutedPtr, UneraseError<Self>> where
    T: 'static,
    P: CanTransmuteElement<T>,
    P::Target: Sized,
    Self: DynTraitBound<'borr>,
    InterfaceFor<T, I, TU_Unerasable>: ImplType, 

Unwraps the DynTrait<_> into a pointer of the concrete type that it was constructed with.

T is required to not borrow anything.

Errors

This will return an error in any of these conditions:

• It is called in a dynamic library/binary outside the one from which this DynTrait<_> was constructed.

• The DynTrait was constructed using a from_borrowing_* method

• T is not the concrete type this DynTrait<_> was constructed with.

pub fn as_unerased<T>(&self) -> Result<&T, UneraseError<&Self>> where
    T: 'static,
    P: Deref + CanTransmuteElement<T>,
    Self: DynTraitBound<'borr>,
    InterfaceFor<T, I, TU_Unerasable>: ImplType, 

Unwraps the DynTrait<_> into a reference of the concrete type that it was constructed with.

T is required to not borrow anything.

Errors

This will return an error in any of these conditions:

• It is called in a dynamic library/binary outside the one from which this DynTrait<_> was constructed.

• The DynTrait was constructed using a from_borrowing_* method

• T is not the concrete type this DynTrait<_> was constructed with.

pub fn as_unerased_mut<T>(&mut self) -> Result<&mut T, UneraseError<&mut Self>> where
    P: DerefMut + CanTransmuteElement<T>,
    Self: DynTraitBound<'borr>,
    InterfaceFor<T, I, TU_Unerasable>: ImplType, 

Unwraps the DynTrait<_> into a mutable reference of the concrete type that it was constructed with.

T is required to not borrow anything.

Errors

This will return an error in any of these conditions:

• It is called in a dynamic library/binary outside the one from which this DynTrait<_> was constructed.

• The DynTrait was constructed using a from_borrowing_* method

• T is not the concrete type this DynTrait<_> was constructed with.

pub unsafe fn unchecked_into_unerased<T>(self) -> P::TransmutedPtr where
    P: Deref + CanTransmuteElement<T>,
    P::Target: Sized, 

Unwraps the DynTrait<_> into a pointer to T, without checking whether T is the type that the DynTrait was constructed with.

Safety

You must check that T is the type that DynTrait was constructed with through other means.

pub unsafe fn unchecked_as_unerased<T>(&self) -> &T where
    P: Deref, 

Unwraps the DynTrait<_> into a reference to T, without checking whether T is the type that the DynTrait was constructed with.

Safety

You must check that T is the type that DynTrait was constructed with through other means.

pub unsafe fn unchecked_as_unerased_mut<T>(&mut self) -> &mut T where
    P: DerefMut, 

Unwraps the DynTrait<_> into a mutable reference to T, without checking whether T is the type that the DynTrait was constructed with.

Safety

You must check that T is the type that DynTrait was constructed with through other means.

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceType, 

Important traits for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV>

impl<'borr, P, I, Item, EV> Iterator for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: IteratorItemOrDefault<'borr, Item = Item>,
    I: InterfaceBound<Iterator = Implemented<Iterator>>,
    Item: 'borr,  type Item = Item;impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Read for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoRead = Implemented<IoRead>>, impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Write for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoWrite = Implemented<IoWrite>>, 

pub fn reborrow<'re>(&'re self) -> DynTrait<'borr, &'re (), I, EV> where
    P: Deref<Target = ()>,
    PrivStruct: ReborrowBounds<I::Send, I::Sync>,
    EV: Copy, 

Creates a shared reborrow of this DynTrait.

The reborrowed DynTrait cannot use these methods:

• DynTrait::default

Important traits for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV>

impl<'borr, P, I, Item, EV> Iterator for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: IteratorItemOrDefault<'borr, Item = Item>,
    I: InterfaceBound<Iterator = Implemented<Iterator>>,
    Item: 'borr,  type Item = Item;impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Read for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoRead = Implemented<IoRead>>, impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Write for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoWrite = Implemented<IoWrite>>, 

pub fn reborrow_mut<'re>(&'re mut self) -> DynTrait<'borr, &'re mut (), I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut<Target = ()>,
    PrivStruct: ReborrowBounds<I::Send, I::Sync>,
    EV: Copy, 

Creates a mutable reborrow of this DynTrait.

The reborrowed DynTrait cannot use these methods:

• DynTrait::default

• DynTrait::clone

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    I: InterfaceBound + 'borr,
    EV: 'borr,
    P: GetPointerKind, 

pub fn default(&self) -> Self where
    P: Deref + GetPointerKind<Kind = PK_SmartPointer>,
    I: InterfaceType<Default = Implemented<Default>>,
    EV: Copy, 

Constructs a DynTrait<P,I> with the default value for P.

Reborrowing

This cannot be called with a reborrowed DynTrait:

let object=DynTrait::from_any_value((),DefaultInterface);
let borrow=object.reborrow();
let _=borrow.default();

let object=DynTrait::from_any_value((),DefaultInterface);
let borrow=object.reborrow_mut();
let _=borrow.default();

pub fn serialize_into_proxy<'a>(&'a self) -> Result<I::ProxyType, RBoxError> where
    P: Deref,
    I: InterfaceType<Serialize = Implemented<Serialize>>,
    I: GetSerializeProxyType<'a>, 

It serializes a DynTrait<_> into a string by using <ConcreteType as SerializeImplType>::serialize_impl.

pub fn deserialize_from_proxy<'de>(proxy: I::Proxy) -> Result<Self, RBoxError> where
    P: 'borr + Deref,
    I: DeserializeDyn<'de, Self>, 

Deserializes a DynTrait<'borr,_> from a proxy type,by using <I as DeserializeDyn<'borr,Self>>::deserialize_dyn.

impl<'borr, P, I, Item, EV> DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: IteratorItemOrDefault<'borr, Item = Item>,
    I: InterfaceBound<Iterator = Implemented<Iterator>>,
    Item: 'borr, 

pub fn skip_eager(&mut self, n: usize)

Eagerly skips n elements from the iterator.

This method is faster than using Iterator::skip.

Example

let mut iter=0..20;
let mut wrapped=DynTrait::from_any_ptr(&mut iter,IteratorInterface::NEW);

assert_eq!(wrapped.next(),Some(0));

wrapped.skip_eager(2);

assert_eq!(wrapped.next(),Some(3));
assert_eq!(wrapped.next(),Some(4));
assert_eq!(wrapped.next(),Some(5));

wrapped.skip_eager(2);

assert_eq!(wrapped.next(),Some(8));
assert_eq!(wrapped.next(),Some(9));

wrapped.skip_eager(9);

assert_eq!(wrapped.next(),Some(19));
assert_eq!(wrapped.next(),None    );

pub fn extending_rvec(
    &mut self,
    buffer: &mut RVec<Item>,
    taking: ROption<usize>
)

Extends the RVec<Item> with the self Iterator.

Extends buffer with as many elements of the iterator as taking specifies:

• RNone: Yields all elements.Use this with care,since Iterators can be infinite.

• RSome(n): Yields n elements.

Example

let mut wrapped=DynTrait::from_any_value(0.. ,IteratorInterface::NEW);

let mut buffer=vec![ 101,102,103 ].into_c();
wrapped.extending_rvec(&mut buffer,RSome(5));
assert_eq!(
    &buffer[..],
    &*vec![101,102,103,0,1,2,3,4]
);

assert_eq!( wrapped.next(),Some(5));
assert_eq!( wrapped.next(),Some(6));
assert_eq!( wrapped.next(),Some(7));

impl<'borr, P, I, Item, EV> DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    Self: Iterator<Item = Item>,
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: IteratorItemOrDefault<'borr, Item = Item>,
    I: InterfaceBound<DoubleEndedIterator = Implemented<DoubleEndedIterator>>,
    Item: 'borr, 

pub fn nth_back_(&mut self, nth: usize) -> Option<Item>

pub fn extending_rvec_back(
    &mut self,
    buffer: &mut RVec<Item>,
    taking: ROption<usize>
)

Extends the RVec<Item> with the back of the self DoubleEndedIterator.

Extends buffer with as many elements of the iterator as taking specifies:

• RNone: Yields all elements.Use this with care,since Iterators can be infinite.

• RSome(n): Yields n elements.

Example

let mut wrapped=DynTrait::from_any_value(0..=3 ,DEIteratorInterface::NEW);

let mut buffer=vec![ 101,102,103 ].into_c();
wrapped.extending_rvec_back(&mut buffer,RNone);
assert_eq!(
    &buffer[..],
    &*vec![101,102,103,3,2,1,0]
)

Trait Implementations

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> GetStaticEquivalent_ for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: GetPointerKind,
    P: __StableAbi,
    I: __StableAbi,
    EV: __StableAbi,
    I: InterfaceBound,
    VTable<'borr, P, I>: SharedStableAbi, 

type StaticEquivalent = _static_DynTrait<'static, __GetStaticEquivalent<P>, __GetStaticEquivalent<I>, __GetStaticEquivalent<EV>>

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> SharedStableAbi for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: GetPointerKind,
    P: __StableAbi,
    I: __StableAbi,
    EV: __StableAbi,
    I: InterfaceBound,
    VTable<'borr, P, I>: SharedStableAbi, 

type IsNonZeroType = False

Whether this type has a single invalid bit-pattern.

type Kind = __ValueKind

The kind of abi stability of this type,there are 2:

const S_LAYOUT: &'static TypeLayout

The layout of the type provided by implementors.

const S_ABI_CONSTS: AbiConsts

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> DynTraitBound<'borr> for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: Deref + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound, 

type Interface = I

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Send for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: Send + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<Send = Implemented<Send>>, 

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Drop for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: GetPointerKind, 

fn drop(&mut self)

Executes the destructor for this type.

impl<P, I, EV> Eq for DynTrait<'static, P, I, EV> where
    Self: PartialEq,
    P: Deref + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<Eq = Implemented<Eq>>, 

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Sync for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: Sync + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<Sync = Implemented<Sync>>, 

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Clone for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: Deref + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound,
    Self: CloneImpl<<P as GetPointerKind>::Kind>, 

Clone is implemented for references and smart pointers, using GetPointerKind to decide whether P is a smart pointer or a reference.

DynTrait does not implement Clone if P==&mut () :

let mut object=DynTrait::from_any_value((),());
let borrow=object.reborrow_mut();
let _=borrow.clone();

fn clone(&self) -> Self

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl<'borr, P, I, Item, EV> DoubleEndedIterator for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    Self: Iterator<Item = Item>,
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: IteratorItemOrDefault<'borr, Item = Item>,
    I: InterfaceBound<DoubleEndedIterator = Implemented<DoubleEndedIterator>>,
    Item: 'borr, 

fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Item>

Removes and returns an element from the end of the iterator.

fn nth_back(&mut self, n: usize) -> Option<Self::Item>

Returns the nth element from the end of the iterator.

fn try_rfold<B, F, R>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> R where
    F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> R,
    R: Try<Ok = B>, 

This is the reverse version of [try_fold()]: it takes elements starting from the back of the iterator.

fn rfold<B, F>(self, accum: B, f: F) -> B where
    F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> B, 

An iterator method that reduces the iterator's elements to a single, final value, starting from the back.

fn rfind<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Searches for an element of an iterator from the back that satisfies a predicate.

impl<P, P2, I, EV, EV2> PartialOrd<DynTrait<'static, P2, I, EV2>> for DynTrait<'static, P, I, EV> where
    P: Deref + GetPointerKind,
    P2: Deref + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<PartialOrd = Implemented<PartialOrd>>,
    Self: PartialEq<DynTrait<'static, P2, I, EV2>>, 

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &DynTrait<'static, P2, I, EV2>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

#[must_use] fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

#[must_use] fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

#[must_use] fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

#[must_use] fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<P, P2, I, EV, EV2> PartialEq<DynTrait<'static, P2, I, EV2>> for DynTrait<'static, P, I, EV> where
    P: Deref + GetPointerKind,
    P2: Deref + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<PartialEq = Implemented<PartialEq>>, 

fn eq(&self, other: &DynTrait<'static, P2, I, EV2>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

#[must_use] fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl<P, I, EV> Ord for DynTrait<'static, P, I, EV> where
    P: Deref + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<Ord = Implemented<Ord>>,
    Self: PartialOrd + Eq, 

fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering

This method returns an Ordering between self and other.

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self

Compares and returns the maximum of two values.

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self

Compares and returns the minimum of two values.

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (clamp)

Restrict a value to a certain interval.

impl<'borr, P, I, Item, EV> Iterator for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: IteratorItemOrDefault<'borr, Item = Item>,
    I: InterfaceBound<Iterator = Implemented<Iterator>>,
    Item: 'borr, 

type Item = Item

The type of the elements being iterated over.

fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Item>

Advances the iterator and returns the next value.

fn nth(&mut self, nth: usize) -> Option<Item>

Returns the nth element of the iterator.

fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>)

Returns the bounds on the remaining length of the iterator.

fn count(self) -> usize

Consumes the iterator, counting the number of iterations and returning it.

fn last(self) -> Option<Item>

Consumes the iterator, returning the last element.

fn step_by(self, step: usize) -> StepBy<Self>

Creates an iterator starting at the same point, but stepping by the given amount at each iteration.

fn chain<U>(self, other: U) -> Chain<Self, <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter> where
    U: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>, 

Takes two iterators and creates a new iterator over both in sequence.

fn zip<U>(self, other: U) -> Zip<Self, <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter> where
    U: IntoIterator, 

'Zips up' two iterators into a single iterator of pairs.

fn map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Map<Self, F> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> B, 

Takes a closure and creates an iterator which calls that closure on each element.

fn for_each<F>(self, f: F) where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item), 

Calls a closure on each element of an iterator.

fn filter<P>(self, predicate: P) -> Filter<Self, P> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Creates an iterator which uses a closure to determine if an element should be yielded.

fn filter_map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> FilterMap<Self, F> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>, 

Creates an iterator that both filters and maps.

fn enumerate(self) -> Enumerate<Self>

Creates an iterator which gives the current iteration count as well as the next value.

fn peekable(self) -> Peekable<Self>

Creates an iterator which can use peek to look at the next element of the iterator without consuming it.

fn skip_while<P>(self, predicate: P) -> SkipWhile<Self, P> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Creates an iterator that [skip]s elements based on a predicate.

fn take_while<P>(self, predicate: P) -> TakeWhile<Self, P> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Creates an iterator that yields elements based on a predicate.

fn skip(self, n: usize) -> Skip<Self>

Creates an iterator that skips the first n elements.

fn take(self, n: usize) -> Take<Self>

Creates an iterator that yields its first n elements.

fn scan<St, B, F>(self, initial_state: St, f: F) -> Scan<Self, St, F> where
    F: FnMut(&mut St, Self::Item) -> Option<B>, 

An iterator adaptor similar to [fold] that holds internal state and produces a new iterator.

fn flat_map<U, F>(self, f: F) -> FlatMap<Self, U, F> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> U,
    U: IntoIterator, 

Creates an iterator that works like map, but flattens nested structure.

fn flatten(self) -> Flatten<Self> where
    Self::Item: IntoIterator, 

Creates an iterator that flattens nested structure.

fn fuse(self) -> Fuse<Self>

Creates an iterator which ends after the first [None].

fn inspect<F>(self, f: F) -> Inspect<Self, F> where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item), 

Do something with each element of an iterator, passing the value on.

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Borrows an iterator, rather than consuming it.

#[must_use = "if you really need to exhaust the iterator, consider `.for_each(drop)` instead"] fn collect<B>(self) -> B where
    B: FromIterator<Self::Item>, 

Transforms an iterator into a collection.

fn partition<B, F>(self, f: F) -> (B, B) where
    B: Default + Extend<Self::Item>,
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Consumes an iterator, creating two collections from it.

fn partition_in_place<'a, T, P>(self, predicate: P) -> usize where
    P: FnMut(&T) -> bool,
    Self: DoubleEndedIterator<Item = &'a mut T>,
    T: 'a, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_partition_in_place)

new API

Reorder the elements of this iterator in-place according to the given predicate, such that all those that return true precede all those that return false. Returns the number of true elements found.

fn is_partitioned<P>(self, predicate: P) -> bool where
    P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_is_partitioned)

new API

Checks if the elements of this iterator are partitioned according to the given predicate, such that all those that return true precede all those that return false.

fn try_fold<B, F, R>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> R where
    F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> R,
    R: Try<Ok = B>, 

An iterator method that applies a function as long as it returns successfully, producing a single, final value.

fn try_for_each<F, R>(&mut self, f: F) -> R where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> R,
    R: Try<Ok = ()>, 

An iterator method that applies a fallible function to each item in the iterator, stopping at the first error and returning that error.

fn fold<B, F>(self, init: B, f: F) -> B where
    F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> B, 

An iterator method that applies a function, producing a single, final value.

fn all<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, 

Tests if every element of the iterator matches a predicate.

fn any<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, 

Tests if any element of the iterator matches a predicate.

fn find<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool, 

Searches for an element of an iterator that satisfies a predicate.

fn find_map<B, F>(&mut self, f: F) -> Option<B> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>, 

Applies function to the elements of iterator and returns the first non-none result.

fn position<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<usize> where
    P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool, 

Searches for an element in an iterator, returning its index.

fn rposition<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<usize> where
    P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,
    Self: ExactSizeIterator + DoubleEndedIterator, 

Searches for an element in an iterator from the right, returning its index.

fn max(self) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    Self::Item: Ord, 

Returns the maximum element of an iterator.

fn min(self) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    Self::Item: Ord, 

Returns the minimum element of an iterator.

fn max_by_key<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    B: Ord,
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> B, 

Returns the element that gives the maximum value from the specified function.

fn max_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering, 

Returns the element that gives the maximum value with respect to the specified comparison function.

fn min_by_key<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    B: Ord,
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> B, 

Returns the element that gives the minimum value from the specified function.

fn min_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<Self::Item> where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering, 

Returns the element that gives the minimum value with respect to the specified comparison function.

fn rev(self) -> Rev<Self> where
    Self: DoubleEndedIterator, 

Reverses an iterator's direction.

fn unzip<A, B, FromA, FromB>(self) -> (FromA, FromB) where
    FromA: Default + Extend<A>,
    FromB: Default + Extend<B>,
    Self: Iterator<Item = (A, B)>, 

Converts an iterator of pairs into a pair of containers.

fn copied<'a, T>(self) -> Copied<Self> where
    Self: Iterator<Item = &'a T>,
    T: 'a + Copy, 

Creates an iterator which copies all of its elements.

fn cloned<'a, T>(self) -> Cloned<Self> where
    Self: Iterator<Item = &'a T>,
    T: 'a + Clone, 

Creates an iterator which [clone]s all of its elements.

fn cycle(self) -> Cycle<Self> where
    Self: Clone, 

Repeats an iterator endlessly.

fn sum<S>(self) -> S where
    S: Sum<Self::Item>, 

Sums the elements of an iterator.

fn product<P>(self) -> P where
    P: Product<Self::Item>, 

Iterates over the entire iterator, multiplying all the elements

fn cmp<I>(self, other: I) -> Ordering where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>,
    Self::Item: Ord, 

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another.

fn cmp_by<I, F>(self, other: I, cmp: F) -> Ordering where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> Ordering,
    I: IntoIterator, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by)

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another with respect to the specified comparison function.

fn partial_cmp<I>(self, other: I) -> Option<Ordering> where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another.

fn partial_cmp_by<I, F>(self, other: I, partial_cmp: F) -> Option<Ordering> where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> Option<Ordering>,
    I: IntoIterator, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by)

Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another with respect to the specified comparison function.

fn eq<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialEq<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are equal to those of another.

fn eq_by<I, F>(self, other: I, eq: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> bool,
    I: IntoIterator, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by)

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are equal to those of another with respect to the specified equality function.

fn ne<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialEq<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are unequal to those of another.

fn lt<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically less than those of another.

fn le<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically less or equal to those of another.

fn gt<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically greater than those of another.

fn ge<I>(self, other: I) -> bool where
    I: IntoIterator,
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, 

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically greater than or equal to those of another.

fn is_sorted(self) -> bool where
    Self::Item: PartialOrd<Self::Item>, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (is_sorted)

new API

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted.

fn is_sorted_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Option<Ordering>, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (is_sorted)

new API

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given comparator function.

fn is_sorted_by_key<F, K>(self, f: F) -> bool where
    F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> K,
    K: PartialOrd<K>, 

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (is_sorted)

new API

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given key extraction function.

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Hash for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: Deref + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<Hash = Implemented<Hash>>, 

fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H) where
    H: Hasher, 

Feeds this value into the given [Hasher].

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H) where
    H: Hasher, 

Feeds a slice of this type into the given [Hasher].

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Debug for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: Deref + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<Debug = Implemented<Debug>>, 

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Display for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: Deref + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<Display = Implemented<Display>>, 

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Write for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<FmtWrite = Implemented<FmtWrite>>, 

fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> Result<(), Error>

Writes a slice of bytes into this writer, returning whether the write succeeded.

fn write_char(&mut self, c: char) -> Result<(), Error>

Writes a [char] into this writer, returning whether the write succeeded.

fn write_fmt(&mut self, args: Arguments) -> Result<(), Error>

Glue for usage of the [write!] macro with implementors of this trait.

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Error for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: Deref + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<Display = Implemented<Display>, Debug = Implemented<Debug>, Error = Implemented<Error>>, 

fn description(&self) -> &str

This method is soft-deprecated.

fn cause(&self) -> Option<&dyn Error>

Deprecated since 1.33.0:

replaced by Error::source, which can support downcasting

The lower-level cause of this error, if any.

fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)>

The lower-level source of this error, if any.

fn backtrace(&self) -> Option<&Backtrace>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (backtrace)

Returns a stack backtrace, if available, of where this error ocurred.

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Read for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoRead = Implemented<IoRead>>, 

fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize>

Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer, returning how many bytes were read.

fn read_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<()>

Read the exact number of bytes required to fill buf.

fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Like read, except that it reads into a slice of buffers.

unsafe fn initializer(&self) -> Initializer

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_initializer)

Determines if this Reader can work with buffers of uninitialized memory.

fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until EOF in this source, placing them into buf.

fn read_to_string(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until EOF in this source, appending them to buf.

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Creates a "by reference" adaptor for this instance of Read.

fn bytes(self) -> Bytes<Self>

Transforms this Read instance to an [Iterator] over its bytes.

fn chain<R>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R> where
    R: Read, 

Creates an adaptor which will chain this stream with another.

fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>

Creates an adaptor which will read at most limit bytes from it.

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> BufRead for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoRead = Implemented<IoRead>, IoBufRead = Implemented<IoBufRead>>, 

fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> Result<&[u8]>

Returns the contents of the internal buffer, filling it with more data from the inner reader if it is empty.

fn consume(&mut self, ammount: usize)

Tells this buffer that amt bytes have been consumed from the buffer, so they should no longer be returned in calls to read.

fn read_until(&mut self, byte: u8, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes into buf until the delimiter byte or EOF is reached.

fn read_line(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until a newline (the 0xA byte) is reached, and append them to the provided buffer.

fn split(self, byte: u8) -> Split<Self>

Returns an iterator over the contents of this reader split on the byte byte.

fn lines(self) -> Lines<Self>

Returns an iterator over the lines of this reader.

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Seek for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoSeek = Implemented<IoSeek>>, 

fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> Result<u64>

Seek to an offset, in bytes, in a stream.

fn stream_len(&mut self) -> Result<u64, Error>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (seek_convenience)

Returns the length of this stream (in bytes).

fn stream_position(&mut self) -> Result<u64, Error>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (seek_convenience)

Returns the current seek position from the start of the stream.

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Write for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: DerefMut + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<IoWrite = Implemented<IoWrite>>, 

fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize>

Write a buffer into this writer, returning how many bytes were written.

fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<()>

Flush this output stream, ensuring that all intermediately buffered contents reach their destination.

fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<()>

Attempts to write an entire buffer into this writer.

fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Like write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers.

fn write_fmt(&mut self, fmt: Arguments) -> Result<(), Error>

Writes a formatted string into this writer, returning any error encountered.

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Creates a "by reference" adaptor for this instance of Write.

impl<'borr, P, I, EV> Serialize for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    P: Deref + GetPointerKind,
    I: InterfaceBound<Serialize = Implemented<Serialize>>,
    I: GetSerializeProxyType<'borr>,
    I::ProxyType: Serialize, 

First it serializes a DynTrait<_> into a string by using ::serialize_impl, then it serializes the string.

fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> where
    S: Serializer, 

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.

impl<'de, 'borr: 'de, P, I, EV> Deserialize<'de> for DynTrait<'borr, P, I, EV> where
    EV: 'borr,
    P: Deref + GetPointerKind + 'borr,
    I: InterfaceBound + 'borr,
    I: DeserializeDyn<'de, Self>,
    <I as DeserializeDyn<'de, Self>>::Proxy: Deserialize<'de>, 

First it Deserializes a string,then it deserializes into a DynTrait<_>,by using <I as DeserializeOwnedInterface>::deserialize_impl.

fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> where
    D: Deserializer<'de>, 

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.