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#[allow(dead_code)] mod settings; #[macro_use] mod macros; pub mod parser; mod meta; mod help; pub use self::settings::AppSettings; use std::env; use std::io::{self, BufRead, BufWriter, Write}; use std::path::Path; use std::process; use std::ffi::OsString; use std::borrow::Borrow; use std::result::Result as StdResult; use std::rc::Rc; use std::fmt; #[cfg(feature = "yaml")] use yaml_rust::Yaml; use vec_map::VecMap; use args::{AnyArg, Arg, ArgGroup, ArgMatcher, ArgMatches, ArgSettings}; use app::parser::Parser; use app::help::Help; use errors::Error; use errors::Result as ClapResult; use shell::Shell; /// Used to create a representation of a command line program and all possible command line /// arguments. Application settings are set using the "builder pattern" with the /// [`App::get_matches`] family of methods being the terminal methods that starts the /// runtime-parsing process. These methods then return information about the user supplied /// arguments (or lack there of). /// /// **NOTE:** There aren't any mandatory "options" that one must set. The "options" may /// also appear in any order (so long as one of the [`App::get_matches`] methods is the last method /// called). /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let m = App::new("My Program") /// .author("Me, me@mail.com") /// .version("1.0.2") /// .about("Explains in brief what the program does") /// .arg( /// Arg::with_name("in_file").index(1) /// ) /// .after_help("Longer explaination to appear after the options when \ /// displaying the help information from --help or -h") /// .get_matches(); /// /// // Your program logic starts here... /// ``` /// [`App::get_matches`]: ./struct.App.html#method.get_matches #[allow(missing_debug_implementations)] pub struct App<'a, 'b> where 'a: 'b { #[doc(hidden)] pub p: Parser<'a, 'b>, } impl<'a, 'b> App<'a, 'b> { /// Creates a new instance of an application requiring a name. The name may be, but doesn't /// have to be same as the binary. The name will be displayed to the user when they request to /// print version or help and usage information. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let prog = App::new("My Program") /// # ; /// ``` pub fn new<S: Into<String>>(n: S) -> Self { App { p: Parser::with_name(n.into()) } } /// Creates a new instace of [`App`] from a .yml (YAML) file. A full example of supported YAML /// objects can be found in [`examples/17_yaml.rs`] and [`examples/17_yaml.yml`]. One great use /// for using YAML is when supporting multiple languages and dialects, as each language could /// be a distinct YAML file and determined at compiletime via `cargo` "features" in your /// `Cargo.toml` /// /// In order to use this function you must compile `clap` with the `features = ["yaml"]` in /// your settings for the `[dependencies.clap]` table of your `Cargo.toml` /// /// **NOTE:** Due to how the YAML objects are built there is a convenience macro for loading /// the YAML file at compile time (relative to the current file, like modules work). That YAML /// object can then be passed to this function. /// /// # Panics /// /// The YAML file must be properly formatted or this function will [`panic!`]. A good way to /// ensure this doesn't happen is to run your program with the `--help` switch. If this passes /// without error, you needn't worry because the YAML is properly formatted. /// /// # Examples /// /// The following example shows how to load a properly formatted YAML file to build an instance /// of an [`App`] struct. /// /// ```ignore /// # use clap::App; /// let yml = load_yaml!("app.yml"); /// let app = App::from_yaml(yml); /// /// // continued logic goes here, such as `app.get_matches()` etc. /// ``` /// [`App`]: ./struct.App.html /// [`examples/17_yaml.rs`]: https://github.com/kbknapp/clap-rs/blob/master/examples/17_yaml.rs /// [`examples/17_yaml.yml`]: https://github.com/kbknapp/clap-rs/blob/master/examples/17_yaml.yml /// [`panic!`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.panic!.html #[cfg(feature = "yaml")] pub fn from_yaml(yaml: &'a Yaml) -> App<'a, 'a> { App::from(yaml) } /// Sets a string of author(s) that will be displayed to the user when they /// request the help information with `--help` or `-h`. /// /// **Pro-tip:** Use `clap`s convenience macro [`crate_authors!`] to automatically set your /// application's author(s) to the same thing as your crate at compile time. See the [`examples/`] /// directory for more information /// /// See the [`examples/`] /// directory for more information /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// App::new("myprog") /// .author("Me, me@mymain.com") /// # ; /// ``` /// [`crate_authors!`]: ./macro.crate_authors!.html /// [`examples/`]: https://github.com/kbknapp/clap-rs/tree/master/examples pub fn author<S: Into<&'b str>>(mut self, author: S) -> Self { self.p.meta.author = Some(author.into()); self } /// Overrides the system-determined binary name. This should only be used when absolutely /// neccessary, such as when the binary name for your application is misleading, or perhaps /// *not* how the user should invoke your program. /// /// **Pro-tip:** When building things such as third party `cargo` subcommands, this setting /// **should** be used! /// /// **NOTE:** This command **should not** be used for [`SubCommand`]s. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// App::new("My Program") /// .bin_name("my_binary") /// # ; /// ``` /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html pub fn bin_name<S: Into<String>>(mut self, name: S) -> Self { self.p.meta.bin_name = Some(name.into()); self } /// Sets a string describing what the program does. This will be displayed when displaying help /// information. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// App::new("myprog") /// .about("Does really amazing things to great people") /// # ; /// ``` pub fn about<S: Into<&'b str>>(mut self, about: S) -> Self { self.p.meta.about = Some(about.into()); self } /// Adds additional help information to be displayed in addition to auto-generated help. This /// information is displayed **after** the auto-generated help information. This is often used /// to describe how to use the arguments, or caveats to be noted. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::App; /// App::new("myprog") /// .after_help("Does really amazing things to great people...but be careful with -R") /// # ; /// ``` pub fn after_help<S: Into<&'b str>>(mut self, help: S) -> Self { self.p.meta.more_help = Some(help.into()); self } /// Adds additional help information to be displayed in addition to auto-generated help. This /// information is displayed **before** the auto-generated help information. This is often used /// for header information. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::App; /// App::new("myprog") /// .before_help("Some info I'd like to appear before the help info") /// # ; /// ``` pub fn before_help<S: Into<&'b str>>(mut self, help: S) -> Self { self.p.meta.pre_help = Some(help.into()); self } /// Sets a string of the version number to be displayed when displaying version or help /// information. /// /// **Pro-tip:** Use `clap`s convenience macro [`crate_version!`] to automatically set your /// application's version to the same thing as your crate at compile time. See the [`examples/`] /// directory for more information /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// App::new("myprog") /// .version("v0.1.24") /// # ; /// ``` /// [`crate_version!`]: ./macro.crate_version!.html /// [`examples/`]: https://github.com/kbknapp/clap-rs/tree/master/examples pub fn version<S: Into<&'b str>>(mut self, ver: S) -> Self { self.p.meta.version = Some(ver.into()); self } /// Sets a custom usage string to override the auto-generated usage string. /// /// This will be displayed to the user when errors are found in argument parsing, or when you /// call [`ArgMatches::usage`] /// /// **CAUTION:** Using this setting disables `clap`s "context-aware" usage strings. After this /// setting is set, this will be the only usage string displayed to the user! /// /// **NOTE:** You do not need to specify the "USAGE: \n\t" portion, as that will /// still be applied by `clap`, you only need to specify the portion starting /// with the binary name. /// /// **NOTE:** This will not replace the entire help message, *only* the portion /// showing the usage. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// App::new("myprog") /// .usage("myapp [-clDas] <some_file>") /// # ; /// ``` /// [`ArgMatches::usage`]: ./struct.ArgMatches.html#method.usage pub fn usage<S: Into<&'b str>>(mut self, usage: S) -> Self { self.p.meta.usage_str = Some(usage.into()); self } /// Sets a custom help message and overrides the auto-generated one. This should only be used /// when the auto-generated message does not suffice. /// /// This will be displayed to the user when they use `--help` or `-h` /// /// **NOTE:** This replaces the **entire** help message, so nothing will be auto-generated. /// /// **NOTE:** This **only** replaces the help message for the current command, meaning if you /// are using subcommands, those help messages will still be auto-generated unless you /// specify a [`Arg::help`] for them as well. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// App::new("myapp") /// .help("myapp v1.0\n\ /// Does awesome things\n\ /// (C) me@mail.com\n\n\ /// /// USAGE: myapp <opts> <comamnd>\n\n\ /// /// Options:\n\ /// -h, --helpe Dispay this message\n\ /// -V, --version Display version info\n\ /// -s <stuff> Do something with stuff\n\ /// -v Be verbose\n\n\ /// /// Commmands:\n\ /// help Prints this message\n\ /// work Do some work") /// # ; /// ``` /// [`Arg::help`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.help pub fn help<S: Into<&'b str>>(mut self, help: S) -> Self { self.p.meta.help_str = Some(help.into()); self } /// Sets the [`short`] for the auto-generated `help` argument. /// /// By default `clap` automatically assigns `h`, but this can be overridden if you have a /// different argument which you'd prefer to use the `-h` short with. This can be done by /// defining your own argument with a lowercase `h` as the [`short`]. /// /// `clap` lazily generates these `help` arguments **after** you've defined any arguments of /// your own. /// /// **NOTE:** Any leading `-` characters will be stripped, and only the first /// non `-` character will be used as the [`short`] version /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// App::new("myprog") /// .help_short("H") // Using an uppercase `H` instead of the default lowercase `h` /// # ; /// ``` /// [`short`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.short pub fn help_short<S: AsRef<str> + 'b>(mut self, s: S) -> Self { self.p.help_short(s.as_ref()); self } /// Sets the [`short`] for the auto-generated `version` argument. /// /// By default `clap` automatically assigns `V`, but this can be overridden if you have a /// different argument which you'd prefer to use the `-V` short with. This can be done by /// defining your own argument with an uppercase `V` as the [`short`]. /// /// `clap` lazily generates these `version` arguments **after** you've defined any arguments of /// your own. /// /// **NOTE:** Any leading `-` characters will be stripped, and only the first /// non `-` character will be used as the `short` version /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// App::new("myprog") /// .version_short("v") // Using a lowercase `v` instead of the default capital `V` /// # ; /// ``` /// [`short`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.short pub fn version_short<S: AsRef<str>>(mut self, s: S) -> Self { self.p.version_short(s.as_ref()); self } /// Sets the help template to be used, overriding the default format. /// /// Tags arg given inside curly brackets: /// Valid tags are: /// * `{bin}` - Binary name. /// * `{version}` - Version number. /// * `{author}` - Author information. /// * `{usage}` - Automatically generated or given usage string. /// * `{all-args}` - Help for all arguments (options, flags, positionals arguments, /// and subcommands) including titles. /// * `{unified}` - Unified help for options and flags. /// * `{flags}` - Help for flags. /// * `{options}` - Help for options. /// * `{positionals}` - Help for positionals arguments. /// * `{subcommands}` - Help for subcommands. /// * `{after-help}` - Help for flags. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// App::new("myprog") /// .version("1.0") /// .template("{bin} ({version}) - {usage}") /// # ; /// ``` /// **NOTE:**The template system is, on purpose, very simple. Therefore the tags have to writen /// in the lowercase and without spacing. pub fn template<S: Into<&'b str>>(mut self, s: S) -> Self { self.p.meta.template = Some(s.into()); self } /// Enables a single command, or [`SubCommand`], level settings. /// /// See [`AppSettings`] for a full list of possibilities and examples. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg, AppSettings}; /// App::new("myprog") /// .setting(AppSettings::SubcommandRequired) /// .setting(AppSettings::WaitOnError) /// # ; /// ``` /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html /// [`AppSettings`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html pub fn setting(mut self, setting: AppSettings) -> Self { self.p.set(setting); self } /// Enables multiple command, or [`SubCommand`], level settings /// /// See [`AppSettings`] for a full list of possibilities and examples. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg, AppSettings}; /// App::new("myprog") /// .settings(&[AppSettings::SubcommandRequired, /// AppSettings::WaitOnError]) /// # ; /// ``` /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html /// [`AppSettings`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html pub fn settings(mut self, settings: &[AppSettings]) -> Self { for s in settings { self.p.set(*s); } self } /// Enables a single setting that is propogated *down* through all child [`SubCommand`]s. /// /// See [`AppSettings`] for a full list of possibilities and examples. /// /// **NOTE**: The setting is *only* propogated *down* and not up through parent commands. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg, AppSettings}; /// App::new("myprog") /// .global_setting(AppSettings::SubcommandRequired) /// # ; /// ``` /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html /// [`AppSettings`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html pub fn global_setting(mut self, setting: AppSettings) -> Self { self.p.set(setting); self.p.g_settings.push(setting); self } /// Enables multiple settings which are propogated *down* through all child [`SubCommand`]s. /// /// See [`AppSettings`] for a full list of possibilities and examples. /// /// **NOTE**: The setting is *only* propogated *down* and not up through parent commands. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg, AppSettings}; /// App::new("myprog") /// .global_settings(&[AppSettings::SubcommandRequired, /// AppSettings::ColoredHelp]) /// # ; /// ``` /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html /// [`AppSettings`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html pub fn global_settings(mut self, settings: &[AppSettings]) -> Self { for s in settings { self.p.set(*s); self.p.g_settings.push(*s) } self } /// Disables a single command, or [`SubCommand`], level setting. /// /// See [`AppSettings`] for a full list of possibilities and examples. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, AppSettings}; /// App::new("myprog") /// .unset_setting(AppSettings::ColorAuto) /// # ; /// ``` /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html /// [`AppSettings`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html pub fn unset_setting(mut self, setting: AppSettings) -> Self { self.p.unset(setting); self } /// Disables multiple command, or [`SubCommand`], level settings. /// /// See [`AppSettings`] for a full list of possibilities and examples. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, AppSettings}; /// App::new("myprog") /// .unset_settings(&[AppSettings::ColorAuto, /// AppSettings::AllowInvalidUtf8]) /// # ; /// ``` /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html /// [`AppSettings`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html pub fn unset_settings(mut self, settings: &[AppSettings]) -> Self { for s in settings { self.p.unset(*s); } self } /// Sets the terminal width at which to wrap help messages. Defaults to `120`. Using `0` will /// ignore terminal widths and use source formatting. /// /// `clap` automatically tries to determine the terminal width on Unix, Linux, and OSX if the /// `wrap_help` cargo "feature" has been used while compiling. If the terminal width cannot be /// determined, `clap` defaults to `120`. /// /// **NOTE:** This setting applies globally and *not* on a per-command basis. /// /// **NOTE:** This setting must be set **before** any subcommands are added! /// /// # Platform Specific /// /// Only Unix, Linux, and OSX support automatic determination of terminal width. Even on those /// platforms, this setting is useful if for any reason the terminal width cannot be /// determined. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::App; /// App::new("myprog") /// .set_term_width(80) /// # ; /// ``` pub fn set_term_width(mut self, width: usize) -> Self { self.p.meta.term_w = Some(width); self } /// Adds an [argument] to the list of valid possibilties. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// App::new("myprog") /// // Adding a single "flag" argument with a short and help text, using Arg::with_name() /// .arg( /// Arg::with_name("debug") /// .short("d") /// .help("turns on debugging mode") /// ) /// // Adding a single "option" argument with a short, a long, and help text using the less /// // verbose Arg::from_usage() /// .arg( /// Arg::from_usage("-c --config=[CONFIG] 'Optionally sets a config file to use'") /// ) /// # ; /// ``` /// [argument]: ./struct.Arg.html pub fn arg<A: Borrow<Arg<'a, 'b>> + 'a>(mut self, a: A) -> Self { self.p.add_arg(a.borrow()); self } /// Adds multiple [arguments] to the list of valid possibilties /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// App::new("myprog") /// .args( /// &[Arg::from_usage("[debug] -d 'turns on debugging info'"), /// Arg::with_name("input").index(1).help("the input file to use")] /// ) /// # ; /// ``` /// [arguments]: ./struct.Arg.html pub fn args(mut self, args: &[Arg<'a, 'b>]) -> Self { for arg in args { self.p.add_arg(arg); } self } /// A convenience method for adding a single [argument] from a usage type string. The string /// used follows the same rules and syntax as [`Arg::from_usage`] /// /// **NOTE:** The downside to using this method is that you can not set any additional /// properties of the [`Arg`] other than what [`Arg::from_usage`] supports. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// App::new("myprog") /// .arg_from_usage("-c --config=<FILE> 'Sets a configuration file to use'") /// # ; /// ``` /// [arguments]: ./struct.Arg.html /// [`Arg`]: ./struct.Arg.html /// [`Arg::from_usage`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.from_usage pub fn arg_from_usage(mut self, usage: &'a str) -> Self { self.p.add_arg(&Arg::from_usage(usage)); self } /// Adds multiple [arguments] at once from a usage string, one per line. See /// [`Arg::from_usage`] for details on the syntax and rules supported. /// /// **NOTE:** Like [`App::arg_from_usage`] the downside is you only set properties for the /// [`Arg`]s which [`Arg::from_usage`] supports. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// App::new("myprog") /// .args_from_usage( /// "-c --config=[FILE] 'Sets a configuration file to use' /// [debug]... -d 'Sets the debugging level' /// <FILE> 'The input file to use'" /// ) /// # ; /// ``` /// [arguments]: ./struct.Arg.html /// [`Arg::from_usage`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.from_usage /// [`App::arg_from_usage`]: ./struct.App.html#method.arg_from_usage /// [`Arg`]: ./struct.Arg.html pub fn args_from_usage(mut self, usage: &'a str) -> Self { for line in usage.lines() { let l = line.trim(); if l.is_empty() { continue; } self.p.add_arg(&Arg::from_usage(l)); } self } /// Allows adding a [`SubCommand`] alias, which function as "hidden" subcommands that /// automatically dispatch as if this subcommand was used. This is more efficient, and easier /// than creating multiple hidden subcommands as one only needs to check for the existence of /// this command, and not all variants. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg, SubCommand}; /// let m = App::new("myprog") /// .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("test") /// .alias("do-stuff")) /// .get_matches_from(vec!["myprog", "do-stuff"]); /// assert_eq!(m.subcommand_name(), Some("test")); /// ``` /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html pub fn alias<S: Into<&'b str>>(mut self, name: S) -> Self { if let Some(ref mut als) = self.p.meta.aliases { als.push((name.into(), false)); } else { self.p.meta.aliases = Some(vec![(name.into(), false)]); } self } /// Allows adding [`SubCommand`] aliases, which function as "hidden" subcommands that /// automatically dispatch as if this subcommand was used. This is more efficient, and easier /// than creating multiple hidden subcommands as one only needs to check for the existence of /// this command, and not all variants. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg, SubCommand}; /// let m = App::new("myprog") /// .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("test") /// .aliases(&["do-stuff", "do-tests", "tests"])) /// .arg(Arg::with_name("input") /// .help("the file to add") /// .index(1) /// .required(false)) /// .get_matches_from(vec!["myprog", "do-tests"]); /// assert_eq!(m.subcommand_name(), Some("test")); /// ``` /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html pub fn aliases(mut self, names: &[&'b str]) -> Self { if let Some(ref mut als) = self.p.meta.aliases { for n in names { als.push((n, false)); } } else { self.p.meta.aliases = Some(names.iter().map(|n| (*n, false)).collect::<Vec<_>>()); } self } /// Allows adding a [`SubCommand`] alias that functions exactly like those defined with /// [`App::alias`], except that they are visible inside the help message. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg, SubCommand}; /// let m = App::new("myprog") /// .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("test") /// .visible_alias("do-stuff")) /// .get_matches_from(vec!["myprog", "do-stuff"]); /// assert_eq!(m.subcommand_name(), Some("test")); /// ``` /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html /// [`App::alias`]: ./struct.App.html#method.alias pub fn visible_alias<S: Into<&'b str>>(mut self, name: S) -> Self { if let Some(ref mut als) = self.p.meta.aliases { als.push((name.into(), true)); } else { self.p.meta.aliases = Some(vec![(name.into(), true)]); } self } /// Allows adding multiple [`SubCommand`] aliases that functions exactly like those defined /// with [`App::aliases`], except that they are visible inside the help message. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg, SubCommand}; /// let m = App::new("myprog") /// .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("test") /// .visible_aliases(&["do-stuff", "tests"])) /// .get_matches_from(vec!["myprog", "do-stuff"]); /// assert_eq!(m.subcommand_name(), Some("test")); /// ``` /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html /// [`App::aliases`]: ./struct.App.html#method.aliases pub fn visible_aliases(mut self, names: &[&'b str]) -> Self { if let Some(ref mut als) = self.p.meta.aliases { for n in names { als.push((n, true)); } } else { self.p.meta.aliases = Some(names.iter().map(|n| (*n, true)).collect::<Vec<_>>()); } self } /// Adds an [`ArgGroup`] to the application. [`ArgGroup`]s are a family of related arguments. /// By placing them in a logical group, you can build easier requirement and exclusion rules. /// For instance, you can make an entire [`ArgGroup`] required, meaning that one (and *only* /// one) argument from that group must be present at runtime. /// /// You can also do things such as name an [`ArgGroup`] as a conflict to another argument. /// Meaning any of the arguments that belong to that group will cause a failure if present with /// the conflicting argument. /// /// Another added benfit of [`ArgGroup`]s is that you can extract a value from a group instead /// of determining exactly which argument was used. /// /// Finally, using [`ArgGroup`]s to ensure exclusion between arguments is another very common /// use /// /// # Examples /// /// The following example demonstrates using an [`ArgGroup`] to ensure that one, and only one, /// of the arguments from the specified group is present at runtime. /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, ArgGroup}; /// App::new("app") /// .args_from_usage( /// "--set-ver [ver] 'set the version manually' /// --major 'auto increase major' /// --minor 'auto increase minor' /// --patch 'auto increase patch'") /// .group(ArgGroup::with_name("vers") /// .args(&["set-ver", "major", "minor","patch"]) /// .required(true)) /// # ; /// ``` /// [`ArgGroup`]: ./struct.ArgGroup.html pub fn group(mut self, group: ArgGroup<'a>) -> Self { self.p.add_group(group); self } /// Adds multiple [`ArgGroup`]s to the [`App`] at once. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, ArgGroup}; /// App::new("app") /// .args_from_usage( /// "--set-ver [ver] 'set the version manually' /// --major 'auto increase major' /// --minor 'auto increase minor' /// --patch 'auto increase patch' /// -c [FILE] 'a config file' /// -i [IFACE] 'an interface'") /// .groups(&[ /// ArgGroup::with_name("vers") /// .args(&["set-ver", "major", "minor","patch"]) /// .required(true), /// ArgGroup::with_name("input") /// .args(&["c", "i"]) /// ]) /// # ; /// ``` /// [`ArgGroup`]: ./struct.ArgGroup.html /// [`App`]: ./struct.App.html pub fn groups(mut self, groups: &[ArgGroup<'a>]) -> Self { for g in groups { self = self.group(g.into()); } self } /// Adds a [`SubCommand`] to the list of valid possibilties. Subcommands are effectively /// sub-[`App`]s, because they can contain their own arguments, subcommands, version, usage, /// etc. They also function just like [`App`]s, in that they get their own auto generated help, /// version, and usage. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg, SubCommand}; /// App::new("myprog") /// .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("config") /// .about("Controls configuration features") /// .arg_from_usage("<config> 'Required configuration file to use'")) /// # ; /// ``` /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html /// [`App`]: ./struct.App.html pub fn subcommand(mut self, subcmd: App<'a, 'b>) -> Self { self.p.add_subcommand(subcmd); self } /// Adds multiple subcommands to the list of valid possibilties by iterating over an /// [`IntoIterator`] of [`SubCommand`]s /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, Arg, SubCommand}; /// # App::new("myprog") /// .subcommands( vec![ /// SubCommand::with_name("config").about("Controls configuration functionality") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("config_file").index(1)), /// SubCommand::with_name("debug").about("Controls debug functionality")]) /// # ; /// ``` /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html /// [`IntoIterator`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html pub fn subcommands<I>(mut self, subcmds: I) -> Self where I: IntoIterator<Item = App<'a, 'b>> { for subcmd in subcmds.into_iter() { self.p.add_subcommand(subcmd); } self } /// Allows custom ordering of [`SubCommand`]s within the help message. Subcommands with a lower /// value will be displayed first in the help message. This is helpful when one would like to /// emphasise frequently used subcommands, or prioritize those towards the top of the list. /// Duplicate values **are** allowed. Subcommands with duplicate display orders will be /// displayed in alphabetical order. /// /// **NOTE:** The default is 999 for all subcommands. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::{App, SubCommand}; /// let m = App::new("cust-ord") /// .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("alpha") // typically subcommands are grouped /// // alphabetically by name. Subcommands /// // without a display_order have a value of /// // 999 and are displayed alphabetically with /// // all other 999 subcommands /// .about("Some help and text")) /// .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("beta") /// .display_order(1) // In order to force this subcommand to appear *first* /// // all we have to do is give it a value lower than 999. /// // Any other subcommands with a value of 1 will be displayed /// // alphabetically with this one...then 2 values, then 3, etc. /// .about("I should be first!")) /// .get_matches_from(vec![ /// "cust-ord", "--help" /// ]); /// ``` /// /// The above example displays the following help message /// /// ```ignore /// cust-ord /// /// USAGE: /// cust-ord [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] /// /// FLAGS: /// -h, --help Prints help information /// -V, --version Prints version information /// /// SUBCOMMANDS: /// beta I should be first! /// alpha Some help and text /// ``` /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html pub fn display_order(mut self, ord: usize) -> Self { self.p.meta.disp_ord = ord; self } /// Prints the full help message to [`io::stdout()`] using a [`BufWriter`] /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::App; /// let mut app = App::new("myprog"); /// app.print_help(); /// ``` /// [`io::stdout()`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/fn.stdout.html /// [`BufWriter`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/struct.BufWriter.html pub fn print_help(&mut self) -> ClapResult<()> { self.p.create_help_and_version(); let out = io::stdout(); let mut buf_w = BufWriter::new(out.lock()); self.write_help(&mut buf_w) } /// Writes the full help message to the user to a [`io::Write`] object /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::App; /// use std::io; /// let mut app = App::new("myprog"); /// let mut out = io::stdout(); /// app.write_help(&mut out).ok().expect("failed to write to stdout"); /// ``` /// [`io::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html pub fn write_help<W: Write>(&self, w: &mut W) -> ClapResult<()> { Help::write_app_help(w, self) } /// Writes the version message to the user to a [`io::Write`] object /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// # use clap::App; /// use std::io; /// let mut app = App::new("myprog"); /// let mut out = io::stdout(); /// app.write_version(&mut out).ok().expect("failed to write to stdout"); /// ``` /// [`io::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html pub fn write_version<W: Write>(&self, w: &mut W) -> ClapResult<()> { self.p.write_version(w).map_err(From::from) } /// Generate a completions file for a specified shell at compile time. /// /// **NOTE:** to generate the this file at compile time you must use a `build.rs` "Build Script" /// /// # Examples /// /// The following example generates a bash completion script via a `build.rs` script. In this /// simple example, we'll demo a very small application with only a single subcommand and two /// args. Real applications could be many multiple levels deep in subcommands, and have tens or /// potentiall hundreds of arguments. /// /// First, it helps if we separate out our `App` definition into a seperate file. Whether you /// do this as a function, or bare App definition is a matter of personal preference. /// /// ```ignore /// // src/cli.rs /// /// use clap::{App, Arg, SubCommand}; /// /// pub fn build_cli() -> App<'static, 'static> { /// App::new("compl") /// .about("Tests completions") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("file") /// .help("some input file")) /// .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name("test") /// .about("tests things") /// .arg(Arg::with_name("case") /// .long("case") /// .takes_value(true) /// .help("the case to test"))) /// } /// ``` /// /// In our regular code, we can simply call this `build_cli()` function, then call /// `get_matches()`, or any of the other normal methods directly after. For example: /// /// ```ignore /// // src/main.rs /// /// mod cli; /// /// fn main() { /// let m = cli::build_cli().get_matches(); /// /// // normal logic continues... /// } /// ``` /// /// Next, we set up our `Cargo.toml` to use a `build.rs` build script. /// /// ```ignore /// # Cargo.toml /// build = "build.rs" /// /// [build-dependencies] /// clap = "2.9" /// ``` /// /// Next, we place a `build.rs` in our project root. /// /// ```ignore /// extern crate clap; /// /// use clap::Shell; /// /// include!("src/cli.rs"); /// /// fn main() { /// let mut app = build_cli(); /// app.gen_completions("myapp", // We need to specify the bin name manually /// Shell::Bash, // Then say which shell to build completions for /// env!("OUT_DIR")); // Then say where write the completions to /// } /// ``` /// Now, once we combile there will be a `bash.sh` file in the directory. Assuming we compiled /// with debug mode, it would be somewhere similar to /// `<project>/target/debug/build/myapp-<hash>/out/myapp_bash.sh` pub fn gen_completions<T: Into<OsString>, S: Into<String>>(&mut self, bin_name: S, for_shell: Shell, out_dir: T) { self.p.meta.bin_name = Some(bin_name.into()); self.p.gen_completions(for_shell, out_dir.into()); } /// Generate a completions file for a specified shell at runtime. Until `cargo install` can /// install extra files like a completion script, this may be used e.g. in a command that /// outputs the contents of the completion script, to be redirected into a file by the user. /// /// # Examples /// /// Assuming a separate `cli.rs` like the [example above](./struct.App.html#method.gen_completions), /// we can let users generate a completion script using a command: /// /// ```ignore /// // src/main.rs /// /// mod cli; /// use std::io; /// /// fn main() { /// let matches = cli::build_cli().get_matches(); /// /// if matches.is_present("generate-bash-completions") { /// cli::build_cli().gen_completions_to("myapp", Shell::Bash, &mut io::stdout()); /// } /// /// // normal logic continues... /// } /// /// ``` /// /// Usage: /// /// ```shell /// $ myapp generate-bash-completions > /etc/bash_completion.d/myapp /// ``` pub fn gen_completions_to<W: Write, S: Into<String>>(&mut self, bin_name: S, for_shell: Shell, buf: &mut W) { self.p.meta.bin_name = Some(bin_name.into()); self.p.gen_completions_to(for_shell, buf); } /// Starts the parsing process, upon a failed parse an error will be displayed to the user and /// the process will exit with the appropriate error code. By default this method gets all user /// provided arguments from [`env::args_os`] in order to allow for invalid UTF-8 code points, /// which are legal on many platforms. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let matches = App::new("myprog") /// // Args and options go here... /// .get_matches(); /// ``` /// [`env::args_os`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/env/fn.args_os.html pub fn get_matches(self) -> ArgMatches<'a> { self.get_matches_from(&mut env::args_os()) } /// Starts the parsing process. This method will return a [`clap::Result`] type instead of exiting /// the process on failed parse. By default this method gets matches from [`env::args_os`] /// /// **NOTE:** This method WILL NOT exit when `--help` or `--version` (or short versions) are /// used. It will return a [`clap::Error`], where the [`kind`] is a /// [`ErrorKind::HelpDisplayed`] or [`ErrorKind::VersionDisplayed`] respectively. You must call /// [`Error::exit`] or perform a [`std::process::exit`]. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let matches = App::new("myprog") /// // Args and options go here... /// .get_matches_safe() /// .unwrap_or_else( |e| e.exit() ); /// ``` /// [`env::args_os`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/env/fn.args_os.html /// [`ErrorKind::HelpDisplayed`]: ./enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.HelpDisplayed /// [`ErrorKind::VersionDisplayed`]: ./enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.VersionDisplayed /// [`Error::exit`]: ./struct.Error.html#method.exit /// [`std::process::exit`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/process/fn.exit.html /// [`clap::Result`]: ./type.Result.html /// [`clap::Error`]: ./struct.Error.html /// [`kind`]: ./struct.Error.html pub fn get_matches_safe(self) -> ClapResult<ArgMatches<'a>> { // Start the parsing self.get_matches_from_safe(&mut env::args_os()) } /// Starts the parsing process. Like [`App::get_matches`] this method does not return a [`clap::Result`] /// and will automatically exit with an error message. This method, however, lets you specify /// what iterator to use when performing matches, such as a [`Vec`] of your making. /// /// **NOTE:** The first argument will be parsed as the binary name unless /// [`AppSettings::NoBinaryName`] is used /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let arg_vec = vec!["my_prog", "some", "args", "to", "parse"]; /// /// let matches = App::new("myprog") /// // Args and options go here... /// .get_matches_from(arg_vec); /// ``` /// [`App::get_matches`]: ./struct.App.html#method.get_matches /// [`clap::Result`]: ./type.Result.html /// [`Vec`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html /// [`AppSettings::NoBinaryName`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html#variant.NoBinaryName pub fn get_matches_from<I, T>(mut self, itr: I) -> ArgMatches<'a> where I: IntoIterator<Item = T>, T: Into<OsString> { self.get_matches_from_safe_borrow(itr).unwrap_or_else(|e| { // Otherwise, write to stderr and exit self.maybe_wait_for_exit(e); }) } /// Starts the parsing process. A combination of [`App::get_matches_from`], and /// [`App::get_matches_safe`] /// /// **NOTE:** This method WILL NOT exit when `--help` or `--version` (or short versions) are /// used. It will return a [`clap::Error`], where the [`kind`] is a [`ErrorKind::HelpDisplayed`] /// or [`ErrorKind::VersionDisplayed`] respectively. You must call [`Error::exit`] or /// perform a [`std::process::exit`] yourself. /// /// **NOTE:** The first argument will be parsed as the binary name unless /// [`AppSettings::NoBinaryName`] is used /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let arg_vec = vec!["my_prog", "some", "args", "to", "parse"]; /// /// let matches = App::new("myprog") /// // Args and options go here... /// .get_matches_from_safe(arg_vec) /// .unwrap_or_else( |e| { panic!("An error occurs: {}", e) }); /// ``` /// [`App::get_matches_from`]: ./struct.App.html#method.get_matches_from /// [`App::get_matches_safe`]: ./struct.App.html#method.get_matches_safe /// [`ErrorKind::HelpDisplayed`]: ./enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.HelpDisplayed /// [`ErrorKind::VersionDisplayed`]: ./enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.VersionDisplayed /// [`Error::exit`]: ./struct.Error.html#method.exit /// [`std::process::exit`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/process/fn.exit.html /// [`clap::Error`]: ./struct.Error.html /// [`Error::exit`]: ./struct.Error.html#method.exit /// [`kind`]: ./struct.Error.html /// [`AppSettings::NoBinaryName`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html#variant.NoBinaryName pub fn get_matches_from_safe<I, T>(mut self, itr: I) -> ClapResult<ArgMatches<'a>> where I: IntoIterator<Item = T>, T: Into<OsString> { self.get_matches_from_safe_borrow(itr) } /// Starts the parsing process without consuming the [`App`] struct `self`. This is normally not /// the desired functionality, instead prefer [`App::get_matches_from_safe`] which *does* /// consume `self`. /// /// **NOTE:** The first argument will be parsed as the binary name unless /// [`AppSettings::NoBinaryName`] is used /// /// # Examples /// /// ```no_run /// # use clap::{App, Arg}; /// let arg_vec = vec!["my_prog", "some", "args", "to", "parse"]; /// /// let mut app = App::new("myprog"); /// // Args and options go here... /// let matches = app.get_matches_from_safe_borrow(arg_vec) /// .unwrap_or_else( |e| { panic!("An error occurs: {}", e) }); /// ``` /// [`App`]: ./struct.App.html /// [`App::get_matches_from_safe`]: ./struct.App.html#method.get_matches_from_safe /// [`AppSettings::NoBinaryName`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html#variant.NoBinaryName pub fn get_matches_from_safe_borrow<I, T>(&mut self, itr: I) -> ClapResult<ArgMatches<'a>> where I: IntoIterator<Item = T>, T: Into<OsString> { // Verify all positional assertions pass self.p.verify_positionals(); // If there are global arguments, we need to propgate them down to subcommands // before parsing incase we run into a subcommand self.p.propogate_globals(); let mut matcher = ArgMatcher::new(); let mut it = itr.into_iter(); // Get the name of the program (argument 1 of env::args()) and determine the // actual file // that was used to execute the program. This is because a program called // ./target/release/my_prog -a // will have two arguments, './target/release/my_prog', '-a' but we don't want // to display // the full path when displaying help messages and such if !self.p.is_set(AppSettings::NoBinaryName) { if let Some(name) = it.next() { let bn_os = name.into(); let p = Path::new(&*bn_os); if let Some(f) = p.file_name() { if let Some(s) = f.to_os_string().to_str() { if let None = self.p.meta.bin_name { self.p.meta.bin_name = Some(s.to_owned()); } } } } } // do the real parsing if let Err(e) = self.p.get_matches_with(&mut matcher, &mut it) { return Err(e); } Ok(matcher.into()) } // Re-implements ClapError::exit except it checks if we should wait for input before exiting // since ClapError doesn't have that info and the error message must be printed before exiting fn maybe_wait_for_exit(&self, e: Error) -> ! { if e.use_stderr() { wlnerr!("{}", e.message); if self.p.is_set(AppSettings::WaitOnError) { wlnerr!("\nPress [ENTER] / [RETURN] to continue..."); let mut s = String::new(); let i = io::stdin(); i.lock().read_line(&mut s).unwrap(); } process::exit(1); } e.exit() } } #[cfg(feature = "yaml")] impl<'a> From<&'a Yaml> for App<'a, 'a> { fn from(mut yaml: &'a Yaml) -> Self { use args::SubCommand; // We WANT this to panic on error...so expect() is good. let mut is_sc = None; let mut a = if let Some(name) = yaml["name"].as_str() { App::new(name) } else { let yaml_hash = yaml.as_hash().unwrap(); let sc_key = yaml_hash.keys().nth(0).unwrap(); is_sc = Some(yaml_hash.get(sc_key).unwrap()); App::new(sc_key.as_str().unwrap()) }; yaml = if let Some(sc) = is_sc { sc } else { yaml }; if let Some(v) = yaml["version"].as_str() { a = a.version(v); } if let Some(v) = yaml["author"].as_str() { a = a.author(v); } if let Some(v) = yaml["bin_name"].as_str() { a = a.bin_name(v); } if let Some(v) = yaml["about"].as_str() { a = a.about(v); } if let Some(v) = yaml["before_help"].as_str() { a = a.before_help(v); } if let Some(v) = yaml["template"].as_str() { a = a.template(v); } if let Some(v) = yaml["after_help"].as_str() { a = a.after_help(v); } if let Some(v) = yaml["display_order"].as_i64() { a = a.display_order(v as usize); } if let Some(v) = yaml["usage"].as_str() { a = a.usage(v); } if let Some(v) = yaml["help"].as_str() { a = a.help(v); } if let Some(v) = yaml["help_short"].as_str() { a = a.help_short(v); } if let Some(v) = yaml["version_short"].as_str() { a = a.version_short(v); } if let Some(v) = yaml["setting"].as_str() { a = a.setting(v.parse().ok().expect("unknown AppSetting found in YAML file")); } if let Some(v) = yaml["settings"].as_vec() { for ys in v { if let Some(s) = ys.as_str() { a = a.setting(s.parse().ok().expect("unknown AppSetting found in YAML file")); } } } if let Some(v) = yaml["global_setting"].as_str() { a = a.setting(v.parse().ok().expect("unknown AppSetting found in YAML file")); } if let Some(v) = yaml["global_settings"].as_vec() { for ys in v { if let Some(s) = ys.as_str() { a = a.global_setting(s.parse().ok().expect("unknown AppSetting found in YAML file")); } } } if let Some(v) = yaml["alias"].as_str() { a = a.alias(v); } if let Some(v) = yaml["aliases"].as_vec() { for ys in v { if let Some(s) = ys.as_str() { a = a.alias(s); } } } if let Some(v) = yaml["visible_alias"].as_str() { a = a.visible_alias(v); } if let Some(v) = yaml["visible_aliases"].as_vec() { for ys in v { if let Some(s) = ys.as_str() { a = a.visible_alias(s); } } } if let Some(v) = yaml["args"].as_vec() { for arg_yaml in v { a = a.arg(Arg::from_yaml(&arg_yaml.as_hash().unwrap())); } } if let Some(v) = yaml["subcommands"].as_vec() { for sc_yaml in v { a = a.subcommand(SubCommand::from_yaml(&sc_yaml)); } } if let Some(v) = yaml["groups"].as_vec() { for ag_yaml in v { a = a.group(ArgGroup::from(ag_yaml.as_hash().unwrap())); } } a } } impl<'a, 'b> Clone for App<'a, 'b> { fn clone(&self) -> Self { App { p: self.p.clone() } } } impl<'n, 'e> AnyArg<'n, 'e> for App<'n, 'e> { fn name(&self) -> &'n str { unreachable!("App struct does not support AnyArg::name, this is a bug!") } fn overrides(&self) -> Option<&[&'e str]> { None } fn requires(&self) -> Option<&[&'e str]> { None } fn blacklist(&self) -> Option<&[&'e str]> { None } fn required_unless(&self) -> Option<&[&'e str]> { None } fn val_names(&self) -> Option<&VecMap<&'e str>> { None } fn is_set(&self, _: ArgSettings) -> bool { false } fn set(&mut self, _: ArgSettings) { unreachable!("App struct does not support AnyArg::set, this is a bug!") } fn has_switch(&self) -> bool { false } fn max_vals(&self) -> Option<u64> { None } fn num_vals(&self) -> Option<u64> { None } fn possible_vals(&self) -> Option<&[&'e str]> { None } fn validator(&self) -> Option<&Rc<Fn(String) -> StdResult<(), String>>> { None } fn min_vals(&self) -> Option<u64> { None } fn short(&self) -> Option<char> { None } fn long(&self) -> Option<&'e str> { None } fn val_delim(&self) -> Option<char> { None } fn takes_value(&self) -> bool { true } fn help(&self) -> Option<&'e str> { self.p.meta.about } fn default_val(&self) -> Option<&'n str> { None } fn longest_filter(&self) -> bool { true } fn aliases(&self) -> Option<Vec<&'e str>> { if let Some(ref aliases) = self.p.meta.aliases { let vis_aliases: Vec<_> = aliases.iter().filter_map(|&(n,v)| if v { Some(n) } else {None}).collect(); if vis_aliases.is_empty() { None } else { Some(vis_aliases) } } else { None } } } impl<'n, 'e> fmt::Display for App<'n, 'e> { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { write!(f, "{}", self.p.meta.name) } }