adk_graph/

executor.rs

//! Pregel-based execution engine for graphs
//!
//! Executes graphs using the Pregel model with super-steps.

#[cfg(feature = "node-cache")]
use crate::cache::{NodeCache, compute_cache_key};
use crate::deferred::FanInTracker;
use crate::error::{GraphError, InterruptedExecution, Result};
use crate::graph::CompiledGraph;
use crate::interrupt::Interrupt;
use crate::node::{ExecutionConfig, NodeContext};
use crate::state::{Checkpoint, State};
use crate::stream::{StreamEvent, StreamMode};
use crate::timeout::{ProgressHandle, execute_with_timeout};
use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt};
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::time::Instant;

/// Result of a super-step execution
#[derive(Default)]
pub struct SuperStepResult {
    /// Nodes that were executed
    pub executed_nodes: Vec<String>,
    /// Interrupt if one occurred
    pub interrupt: Option<Interrupt>,
    /// Stream events generated
    pub events: Vec<StreamEvent>,
}

/// Pregel-based executor for graphs
pub struct PregelExecutor<'a> {
    graph: &'a CompiledGraph,
    config: ExecutionConfig,
    state: State,
    step: usize,
    pending_nodes: Vec<String>,
    /// Tracks deferred nodes waiting for all upstream paths to complete.
    pending_deferred: HashMap<String, FanInTracker>,
    /// Tracks when each deferred node first entered the pending state (for fan-in timeout).
    deferred_start_times: HashMap<String, Instant>,
    /// Per-node caches initialized from `CompiledGraph::cache_policies`.
    #[cfg(feature = "node-cache")]
    node_caches: HashMap<String, NodeCache>,
}

impl<'a> PregelExecutor<'a> {
    /// Create a new executor
    pub fn new(graph: &'a CompiledGraph, config: ExecutionConfig) -> Self {
        #[cfg(feature = "node-cache")]
        let node_caches = graph
            .cache_policies
            .iter()
            .map(|(name, policy)| (name.clone(), NodeCache::from_policy(policy)))
            .collect();

        Self {
            graph,
            config,
            state: State::new(),
            step: 0,
            pending_nodes: vec![],
            pending_deferred: HashMap::new(),
            deferred_start_times: HashMap::new(),
            #[cfg(feature = "node-cache")]
            node_caches,
        }
    }

    /// Attempt to resume from an existing checkpoint.
    ///
    /// If a checkpoint is found (either by explicit `resume_from` ID or by latest
    /// checkpoint for the thread), restores state, pending_nodes, and step from it,
    /// then merges the provided input on top. Returns `true` if resumed.
    ///
    /// If no checkpoint is found, returns `false` so the caller can proceed with
    /// fresh-start logic.
    async fn try_resume_from_checkpoint(&mut self, input: &State) -> Result<bool> {
        let checkpoint = if let Some(checkpoint_id) = &self.config.resume_from {
            // Resume from a specific checkpoint by ID
            if let Some(cp) = self.graph.checkpointer.as_ref() {
                cp.load_by_id(checkpoint_id).await?
            } else {
                None
            }
        } else if let Some(cp) = self.graph.checkpointer.as_ref() {
            // Try to load the latest checkpoint for this thread
            cp.load(&self.config.thread_id).await?
        } else {
            None
        };

        if let Some(checkpoint) = checkpoint {
            // Restore state from checkpoint
            self.state = checkpoint.state;
            self.pending_nodes = checkpoint.pending_nodes;
            self.step = checkpoint.step;

            // Merge input on top of restored state
            for (key, value) in input {
                self.graph.schema.apply_update(&mut self.state, key, value.clone());
            }

            Ok(true)
        } else {
            Ok(false)
        }
    }

    /// Run the graph to completion
    pub async fn run(&mut self, input: State) -> Result<State> {
        // Check for existing checkpoint to resume from
        let resumed = self.try_resume_from_checkpoint(&input).await?;

        if !resumed {
            // No checkpoint found — fresh start
            self.state = self.initialize_state(input).await?;
            self.pending_nodes = self.graph.get_entry_nodes();
        }

        // Main execution loop
        while !self.pending_nodes.is_empty() {
            // Check recursion limit
            if self.step >= self.config.recursion_limit {
                return Err(GraphError::RecursionLimitExceeded(self.step));
            }

            // Execute super-step
            let result = self.execute_super_step().await?;

            // Handle interrupts
            if let Some(interrupt) = result.interrupt {
                let checkpoint_id = self.save_checkpoint().await?;
                return Err(GraphError::Interrupted(Box::new(InterruptedExecution::new(
                    self.config.thread_id.clone(),
                    checkpoint_id,
                    interrupt,
                    self.state.clone(),
                    self.step,
                ))));
            }

            // Save checkpoint after each step
            self.save_checkpoint().await?;

            // Check if we're done (all paths led to END)
            if self.graph.leads_to_end(&result.executed_nodes, &self.state) {
                let next = self.graph.get_next_nodes(&result.executed_nodes, &self.state);
                if next.is_empty() {
                    break;
                }
            }

            // Determine next nodes and apply deferred node filtering
            let next_candidates = self.graph.get_next_nodes(&result.executed_nodes, &self.state);
            self.pending_nodes =
                self.filter_deferred_nodes(next_candidates, &result.executed_nodes)?;
            self.step += 1;
        }

        Ok(self.state.clone())
    }

    /// Run with streaming
    pub fn run_stream(
        mut self,
        input: State,
        mode: StreamMode,
    ) -> impl futures::Stream<Item = Result<StreamEvent>> + 'a {
        async_stream::stream! {
            // Check for existing checkpoint to resume from
            let resumed = match self.try_resume_from_checkpoint(&input).await {
                Ok(r) => r,
                Err(e) => {
                    yield Err(e);
                    return;
                }
            };

            if resumed {
                // Emit a resumed event indicating execution was restored from checkpoint
                yield Ok(StreamEvent::resumed(self.step, self.pending_nodes.clone()));
            } else {
                // No checkpoint found — fresh start
                match self.initialize_state(input).await {
                    Ok(state) => self.state = state,
                    Err(e) => {
                        yield Err(e);
                        return;
                    }
                }
                self.pending_nodes = self.graph.get_entry_nodes();
            }

            // Stream initial state if requested
            if matches!(mode, StreamMode::Values) {
                yield Ok(StreamEvent::state(self.state.clone(), self.step));
            }

            // Main execution loop
            while !self.pending_nodes.is_empty() {
                // Check recursion limit
                if self.step >= self.config.recursion_limit {
                    yield Err(GraphError::RecursionLimitExceeded(self.step));
                    return;
                }

                // Emit node_start events BEFORE execution (in Debug mode)
                if matches!(mode, StreamMode::Debug | StreamMode::Custom | StreamMode::Messages) {
                    for node_name in &self.pending_nodes {
                        yield Ok(StreamEvent::node_start(node_name, self.step));
                    }
                }

                // For Messages mode, stream from nodes directly
                if matches!(mode, StreamMode::Messages) {
                    let mut result = SuperStepResult::default();

                    for node_name in &self.pending_nodes {
                        if let Some(node) = self.graph.nodes.get(node_name) {
                            let mut ctx = NodeContext::new(self.state.clone(), self.config.clone(), self.step);

                            // Attach progress handle if idle timeout is configured
                            let policy = self.graph.timeout_policy_for(node_name).cloned();
                            if let Some(ref p) = policy {
                                if p.idle_timeout.is_some() {
                                    ctx.set_progress_handle(ProgressHandle::new());
                                }
                            }

                            let start = std::time::Instant::now();

                            let mut node_stream = node.execute_stream(&ctx);
                            let mut collected_events = Vec::new();

                            while let Some(event_result) = node_stream.next().await {
                                match event_result {
                                    Ok(event) => {
                                        // Yield Message events immediately
                                        if matches!(event, StreamEvent::Message { .. }) {
                                            yield Ok(event.clone());
                                        }
                                        collected_events.push(event);
                                    }
                                    Err(e) => {
                                        yield Err(e);
                                        return;
                                    }
                                }
                            }

                            let duration_ms = start.elapsed().as_millis() as u64;
                            result.executed_nodes.push(node_name.clone());
                            result.events.push(StreamEvent::node_end(node_name, self.step, duration_ms));
                            result.events.extend(collected_events);

                            // Get output from execute for state updates, with timeout if configured
                            let output_result = match policy {
                                Some(ref timeout_policy) => {
                                    execute_with_timeout(node.as_ref(), &ctx, timeout_policy).await
                                }
                                None => node.execute(&ctx).await,
                            };
                            if let Ok(output) = output_result {
                                for (key, value) in output.updates {
                                    self.graph.schema.apply_update(&mut self.state, &key, value);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    // Yield node_end events
                    for event in &result.events {
                        if matches!(event, StreamEvent::NodeEnd { .. }) {
                            yield Ok(event.clone());
                        }
                    }

                    self.pending_nodes = {
                        let next_candidates = self.graph.get_next_nodes(&result.executed_nodes, &self.state);
                        match self.filter_deferred_nodes(next_candidates, &result.executed_nodes) {
                            Ok(nodes) => nodes,
                            Err(e) => {
                                yield Err(e);
                                return;
                            }
                        }
                    };
                    self.step += 1;
                    continue;
                }

                // Execute super-step (non-streaming)
                let result = match self.execute_super_step().await {
                    Ok(r) => r,
                    Err(e) => {
                        yield Err(e);
                        return;
                    }
                };

                // Yield events based on mode (node_end and custom events)
                for event in &result.events {
                    match (&mode, &event) {
                        // Skip node_start since we already emitted it above
                        (StreamMode::Custom | StreamMode::Debug, StreamEvent::NodeStart { .. }) => {}
                        (StreamMode::Custom, _) => yield Ok(event.clone()),
                        (StreamMode::Debug, _) => yield Ok(event.clone()),
                        _ => {}
                    }
                }

                // Yield state/updates
                match mode {
                    StreamMode::Values => {
                        yield Ok(StreamEvent::state(self.state.clone(), self.step));
                    }
                    StreamMode::Updates => {
                        yield Ok(StreamEvent::step_complete(
                            self.step,
                            result.executed_nodes.clone(),
                        ));
                    }
                    _ => {}
                }

                // Handle interrupts
                if let Some(interrupt) = result.interrupt {
                    yield Ok(StreamEvent::interrupted(
                        result.executed_nodes.first().map(|s| s.as_str()).unwrap_or("unknown"),
                        &interrupt.to_string(),
                    ));
                    return;
                }

                // Check if done
                if self.graph.leads_to_end(&result.executed_nodes, &self.state) {
                    let next = self.graph.get_next_nodes(&result.executed_nodes, &self.state);
                    if next.is_empty() {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                self.pending_nodes = {
                    let next_candidates = self.graph.get_next_nodes(&result.executed_nodes, &self.state);
                    match self.filter_deferred_nodes(next_candidates, &result.executed_nodes) {
                        Ok(nodes) => nodes,
                        Err(e) => {
                            yield Err(e);
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                };
                self.step += 1;
            }

            yield Ok(StreamEvent::done(self.state.clone(), self.step + 1));
        }
    }

    /// Filter deferred nodes from the next candidates.
    ///
    /// For each candidate node that is configured as deferred, check whether all
    /// upstream paths have completed. If not, hold the node in `pending_deferred`
    /// and record the outputs from the just-executed nodes. If all upstream paths
    /// have completed, inject the merged output into state and allow the node to
    /// proceed.
    ///
    /// If a deferred node has a `fan_in_timeout` configured and the timeout has
    /// elapsed:
    /// - If at least one upstream path has completed, proceed with partial results.
    /// - If zero upstream paths have completed, return `GraphError::FanInTimedOut`.
    fn filter_deferred_nodes(
        &mut self,
        candidates: Vec<String>,
        executed_nodes: &[String],
    ) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
        let mut ready_nodes = Vec::new();

        for candidate in candidates {
            if let Some(config) = self.graph.deferred_configs.get(&candidate) {
                // This is a deferred node — check if all upstream paths are done
                let upstream = self.graph.get_upstream_nodes(&candidate);

                // Get or create the tracker for this deferred node
                let tracker = self.pending_deferred.entry(candidate.clone()).or_insert_with(|| {
                    let sources: Vec<&str> = upstream.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect();
                    FanInTracker::new(sources)
                });

                // Record the start time if this is the first time we see this deferred node
                self.deferred_start_times.entry(candidate.clone()).or_insert_with(Instant::now);

                // Record outputs from the just-executed nodes that are upstream of this deferred node
                for executed in executed_nodes {
                    if upstream.contains(executed) {
                        // Use the current state as the output representation for this upstream node.
                        // We capture a snapshot of the state that this upstream node contributed to.
                        let output = self.state.get(executed).cloned().unwrap_or_else(|| {
                            // If no state key matches the node name, capture the full state
                            serde_json::Value::Object(
                                self.state.iter().map(|(k, v)| (k.clone(), v.clone())).collect(),
                            )
                        });
                        tracker.record(executed, output);
                    }
                }

                if tracker.is_ready() {
                    // All upstream paths have completed — merge and inject into state
                    let merged = tracker.merge(&config.merge_strategy);
                    let fan_in_key = format!("{candidate}_fan_in");
                    self.graph.schema.apply_update(&mut self.state, &fan_in_key, merged);

                    // Remove from pending_deferred and start times since it's now ready
                    self.pending_deferred.remove(&candidate);
                    self.deferred_start_times.remove(&candidate);
                    ready_nodes.push(candidate);
                } else if let Some(timeout_duration) = config.fan_in_timeout {
                    // Check if the fan-in timeout has elapsed
                    let start_time = self.deferred_start_times[&candidate];
                    if start_time.elapsed() >= timeout_duration {
                        let received = tracker.received_count();
                        let expected = tracker.expected_count();

                        if received > 0 {
                            // Proceed with partial results
                            tracing::warn!(
                                node = %candidate,
                                received,
                                expected,
                                "fan-in timeout expired, proceeding with partial results"
                            );
                            let merged = tracker.merge(&config.merge_strategy);
                            let fan_in_key = format!("{candidate}_fan_in");
                            self.graph.schema.apply_update(&mut self.state, &fan_in_key, merged);

                            // Clean up tracking state
                            self.pending_deferred.remove(&candidate);
                            self.deferred_start_times.remove(&candidate);
                            ready_nodes.push(candidate);
                        } else {
                            // Zero upstream paths completed — return error
                            self.pending_deferred.remove(&candidate);
                            self.deferred_start_times.remove(&candidate);
                            return Err(GraphError::FanInTimedOut {
                                node: candidate,
                                received,
                                expected,
                            });
                        }
                    }
                }
                // If not ready and no timeout (or timeout not yet elapsed), the node stays
                // in pending_deferred and is NOT added to ready_nodes
            } else {
                // Not a deferred node — schedule normally
                ready_nodes.push(candidate);
            }
        }

        Ok(ready_nodes)
    }

    /// Initialize state from input and/or checkpoint
    async fn initialize_state(&self, input: State) -> Result<State> {
        // Start with schema defaults
        let mut state = self.graph.schema.initialize_state();

        // If resuming from checkpoint, load it
        if let Some(checkpoint_id) = &self.config.resume_from {
            if let Some(cp) = self.graph.checkpointer.as_ref() {
                if let Some(checkpoint) = cp.load_by_id(checkpoint_id).await? {
                    state = checkpoint.state;
                }
            }
        } else if let Some(cp) = self.graph.checkpointer.as_ref() {
            // Try to load latest checkpoint for thread
            if let Some(checkpoint) = cp.load(&self.config.thread_id).await? {
                state = checkpoint.state;
            }
        }

        // Merge input into state
        for (key, value) in input {
            self.graph.schema.apply_update(&mut state, &key, value);
        }

        Ok(state)
    }

    /// Execute one super-step (plan -> execute -> update)
    async fn execute_super_step(&mut self) -> Result<SuperStepResult> {
        let mut result = SuperStepResult::default();

        // Check for interrupt_before
        for node_name in &self.pending_nodes {
            if self.graph.interrupt_before.contains(node_name) {
                return Ok(SuperStepResult {
                    interrupt: Some(Interrupt::Before(node_name.clone())),
                    ..Default::default()
                });
            }
        }

        // --- Node cache: check for cache hits before executing ---
        #[cfg(feature = "node-cache")]
        let mut cached_results: HashMap<String, serde_json::Value> = HashMap::new();
        #[cfg(feature = "node-cache")]
        let mut nodes_to_execute: Vec<String> = Vec::new();

        #[cfg(feature = "node-cache")]
        {
            for node_name in &self.pending_nodes {
                if let Some(cache) = self.node_caches.get(node_name) {
                    let cache_key = compute_cache_key(node_name, &self.state);
                    let cached_value = cache.get(&cache_key).await;
                    tracing::debug!(
                        node = %node_name,
                        cache_hit = cached_value.is_some(),
                        cache_key = %cache_key,
                        "node cache lookup"
                    );
                    if let Some(value) = cached_value {
                        // Cache hit — store the cached result for later application
                        cached_results.insert(node_name.clone(), value);
                    } else {
                        // Cache miss — node needs execution
                        nodes_to_execute.push(node_name.clone());
                    }
                } else {
                    // No cache configured — node needs execution
                    nodes_to_execute.push(node_name.clone());
                }
            }
        }

        // Apply cached results immediately
        #[cfg(feature = "node-cache")]
        {
            for (node_name, cached_value) in &cached_results {
                result.executed_nodes.push(node_name.clone());
                result.events.push(StreamEvent::node_end(node_name, self.step, 0));

                // Reconstruct updates from the cached JSON value (a map of key -> value)
                if let Some(updates_map) = cached_value.as_object() {
                    for (key, value) in updates_map {
                        self.graph.schema.apply_update(&mut self.state, key, value.clone());
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Determine which nodes to execute (all if cache feature is disabled)
        #[cfg(feature = "node-cache")]
        let pending_for_execution = &nodes_to_execute;
        #[cfg(not(feature = "node-cache"))]
        let pending_for_execution = &self.pending_nodes;

        // Execute all pending nodes in parallel
        let nodes: Vec<_> = pending_for_execution
            .iter()
            .filter_map(|name| self.graph.nodes.get(name).map(|n| (name.clone(), n.clone())))
            .collect();

        // Look up timeout policies for each node before spawning futures
        let timeout_policies: Vec<_> =
            nodes.iter().map(|(name, _)| self.graph.timeout_policy_for(name).cloned()).collect();

        let futures: Vec<_> = nodes
            .into_iter()
            .zip(timeout_policies)
            .map(|((name, node), policy)| {
                let mut ctx = NodeContext::new(self.state.clone(), self.config.clone(), self.step);

                // Attach a ProgressHandle when idle timeout is configured
                if let Some(ref p) = policy {
                    if p.idle_timeout.is_some() {
                        ctx.set_progress_handle(ProgressHandle::new());
                    }
                }

                let step = self.step;
                async move {
                    let start = Instant::now();
                    let output = match policy {
                        Some(ref timeout_policy) => {
                            execute_with_timeout(node.as_ref(), &ctx, timeout_policy).await
                        }
                        None => node.execute(&ctx).await,
                    };
                    let duration_ms = start.elapsed().as_millis() as u64;
                    (name, output, duration_ms, step)
                }
            })
            .collect();

        let outputs: Vec<_> =
            stream::iter(futures).buffer_unordered(pending_for_execution.len()).collect().await;

        // Collect all updates and check for errors/interrupts
        let mut all_updates = Vec::new();

        for (node_name, output_result, duration_ms, step) in outputs {
            result.executed_nodes.push(node_name.clone());
            result.events.push(StreamEvent::node_end(&node_name, step, duration_ms));

            match output_result {
                Ok(output) => {
                    // Check for dynamic interrupt
                    if let Some(interrupt) = output.interrupt {
                        return Ok(SuperStepResult {
                            interrupt: Some(interrupt),
                            executed_nodes: result.executed_nodes,
                            events: result.events,
                        });
                    }

                    // Collect custom events
                    result.events.extend(output.events);

                    // Store result in cache on miss
                    #[cfg(feature = "node-cache")]
                    {
                        if let Some(cache) = self.node_caches.get(&node_name) {
                            let cache_key = compute_cache_key(&node_name, &self.state);
                            let updates_value = serde_json::to_value(&output.updates)
                                .unwrap_or(serde_json::Value::Object(serde_json::Map::new()));
                            let ttl = self.graph.cache_policies.get(&node_name).and_then(|p| p.ttl);
                            cache.set(&cache_key, updates_value, ttl).await;
                        }
                    }

                    // Collect updates
                    all_updates.push(output.updates);
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    return Err(GraphError::NodeExecutionFailed {
                        node: node_name,
                        message: e.to_string(),
                    });
                }
            }
        }

        // Apply all updates atomically using reducers
        for updates in all_updates {
            for (key, value) in updates {
                self.graph.schema.apply_update(&mut self.state, &key, value);
            }
        }

        // Check for interrupt_after
        for node_name in &result.executed_nodes {
            if self.graph.interrupt_after.contains(node_name) {
                return Ok(SuperStepResult {
                    interrupt: Some(Interrupt::After(node_name.clone())),
                    ..result
                });
            }
        }

        Ok(result)
    }

    /// Save a checkpoint
    async fn save_checkpoint(&self) -> Result<String> {
        if let Some(cp) = &self.graph.checkpointer {
            let checkpoint = Checkpoint::new(
                &self.config.thread_id,
                self.state.clone(),
                self.step,
                self.pending_nodes.clone(),
            );
            return cp.save(&checkpoint).await;
        }
        Ok(String::new())
    }
}

/// Convenience methods for CompiledGraph
impl CompiledGraph {
    /// Execute the graph synchronously
    pub async fn invoke(&self, input: State, config: ExecutionConfig) -> Result<State> {
        let mut executor = PregelExecutor::new(self, config);
        executor.run(input).await
    }

    /// Execute with streaming
    pub fn stream(
        &self,
        input: State,
        config: ExecutionConfig,
        mode: StreamMode,
    ) -> impl futures::Stream<Item = Result<StreamEvent>> + '_ {
        tracing::debug!("CompiledGraph::stream called with mode {:?}", mode);
        let executor = PregelExecutor::new(self, config);
        executor.run_stream(input, mode)
    }

    /// Get current state for a thread
    pub async fn get_state(&self, thread_id: &str) -> Result<Option<State>> {
        if let Some(cp) = &self.checkpointer {
            Ok(cp.load(thread_id).await?.map(|c| c.state))
        } else {
            Ok(None)
        }
    }

    /// Update state for a thread (for human-in-the-loop)
    pub async fn update_state(
        &self,
        thread_id: &str,
        updates: impl IntoIterator<Item = (String, serde_json::Value)>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        if let Some(cp) = &self.checkpointer {
            if let Some(checkpoint) = cp.load(thread_id).await? {
                let mut state = checkpoint.state;
                for (key, value) in updates {
                    self.schema.apply_update(&mut state, &key, value);
                }
                let new_checkpoint =
                    Checkpoint::new(thread_id, state, checkpoint.step, checkpoint.pending_nodes);
                cp.save(&new_checkpoint).await?;
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::edge::{END, START};
    use crate::graph::StateGraph;
    use crate::node::NodeOutput;
    use serde_json::json;

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_simple_execution() {
        let graph = StateGraph::with_channels(&["value"])
            .add_node_fn("set_value", |_ctx| async {
                Ok(NodeOutput::new().with_update("value", json!(42)))
            })
            .add_edge(START, "set_value")
            .add_edge("set_value", END)
            .compile()
            .unwrap();

        let result = graph.invoke(State::new(), ExecutionConfig::new("test")).await.unwrap();

        assert_eq!(result.get("value"), Some(&json!(42)));
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_sequential_execution() {
        let graph = StateGraph::with_channels(&["value"])
            .add_node_fn("step1", |_ctx| async {
                Ok(NodeOutput::new().with_update("value", json!(1)))
            })
            .add_node_fn("step2", |ctx| async move {
                let current = ctx.get("value").and_then(|v| v.as_i64()).unwrap_or(0);
                Ok(NodeOutput::new().with_update("value", json!(current + 10)))
            })
            .add_edge(START, "step1")
            .add_edge("step1", "step2")
            .add_edge("step2", END)
            .compile()
            .unwrap();

        let result = graph.invoke(State::new(), ExecutionConfig::new("test")).await.unwrap();

        assert_eq!(result.get("value"), Some(&json!(11)));
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_conditional_routing() {
        let graph = StateGraph::with_channels(&["path", "result"])
            .add_node_fn("router", |ctx| async move {
                let path = ctx.get("path").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).unwrap_or("a");
                Ok(NodeOutput::new().with_update("route", json!(path)))
            })
            .add_node_fn("path_a", |_ctx| async {
                Ok(NodeOutput::new().with_update("result", json!("went to A")))
            })
            .add_node_fn("path_b", |_ctx| async {
                Ok(NodeOutput::new().with_update("result", json!("went to B")))
            })
            .add_edge(START, "router")
            .add_conditional_edges(
                "router",
                |state| state.get("route").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).unwrap_or(END).to_string(),
                [("a", "path_a"), ("b", "path_b"), (END, END)],
            )
            .add_edge("path_a", END)
            .add_edge("path_b", END)
            .compile()
            .unwrap();

        // Test path A
        let mut input = State::new();
        input.insert("path".to_string(), json!("a"));
        let result = graph.invoke(input, ExecutionConfig::new("test")).await.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.get("result"), Some(&json!("went to A")));

        // Test path B
        let mut input = State::new();
        input.insert("path".to_string(), json!("b"));
        let result = graph.invoke(input, ExecutionConfig::new("test")).await.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.get("result"), Some(&json!("went to B")));
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_cycle_with_limit() {
        let graph = StateGraph::with_channels(&["count"])
            .add_node_fn("increment", |ctx| async move {
                let count = ctx.get("count").and_then(|v| v.as_i64()).unwrap_or(0);
                Ok(NodeOutput::new().with_update("count", json!(count + 1)))
            })
            .add_edge(START, "increment")
            .add_conditional_edges(
                "increment",
                |state| {
                    let count = state.get("count").and_then(|v| v.as_i64()).unwrap_or(0);
                    if count < 5 { "increment".to_string() } else { END.to_string() }
                },
                [("increment", "increment"), (END, END)],
            )
            .compile()
            .unwrap();

        let result = graph.invoke(State::new(), ExecutionConfig::new("test")).await.unwrap();

        assert_eq!(result.get("count"), Some(&json!(5)));
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_recursion_limit() {
        let graph = StateGraph::with_channels(&["count"])
            .add_node_fn("loop", |ctx| async move {
                let count = ctx.get("count").and_then(|v| v.as_i64()).unwrap_or(0);
                Ok(NodeOutput::new().with_update("count", json!(count + 1)))
            })
            .add_edge(START, "loop")
            .add_edge("loop", "loop") // Infinite loop
            .compile()
            .unwrap()
            .with_recursion_limit(10);

        let result = graph.invoke(State::new(), ExecutionConfig::new("test")).await;

        // The recursion limit check happens when step >= limit, so it will exceed at step 10
        assert!(
            matches!(result, Err(GraphError::RecursionLimitExceeded(_))),
            "Expected RecursionLimitExceeded error, got: {:?}",
            result
        );
    }
}